scholarly journals Ethical Deception? Responding to Parallel Subjectivities in People Living with Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Carter
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
General Requirement ◽  
Do So

Many caregivers feel that they need to lie or withhold the truth from people living with dementia, but worry that, in doing so, they are violating a duty to tell the truth. In this article, I argue that withholding the truth from and, in limited circumstances, lying to people living with dementia is not only morally permissible, but morally required by a more general requirement that we treat each other as persons worthy of respect. I do so through an analysis of the groundings of the duty to tell the truth, and a critical reflection on its cognitively ableist construction.

Epilogue1

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Moscoso
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
Cultural Variations ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Pain ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Do So

This epilogue discusses how the tension between the visualization of violence and the experience of pain affects our understanding of human suffering and the way in which we may consider its cultural modulations. Whereas the different contributions of the volume pay attention to the local and cultural variations of human suffering and visualisations and performances of hurt(ful) bodies, the epilogue provides a critical reflection on historical methods and the tension between experiences and narratives in particular. To do so, it deals with the work of pioneers in the history of emotions, like William Reddy, after which the work of Reinhart Koselleck is brought to the fore. It especially argues that it is important to consider long-term formal structures of the history of pain and the role of beholders and institutions in order to find out how a primal experience of pain may be turned into a story.

scholarly journals Meta-travel: A critical inquiry into a China Study Tour

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Riggan ◽  
S. Sonya Gwak ◽  
Joy Lesnick ◽  
Kara Jackson ◽  
Stacey Olitsky
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Study Tour ◽  
Reflection Process ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Reflection Component ◽  
Do So

This paper questions whether participants on short-term study tours typically allow themselves and their understandings about the world to be transformed by their experiences or if these brief trips only serve to reify and legitimize preconceived notions and stereotypes about the world. Based on an analysis of U.S. graduate students’ experiences on a trip to China, we argue that short-term study tours have the potential to provide a valuable opportunity for participants to deepen their understanding of themselves and their role in the world. However, they can only do so if a critical reflection component is incorporated in the study tour. Specifically, short-term study travel can help participants understand the situated and shifting nature of their identities as students and travelers. It can also deepen their awareness of how they are positioned globally as students of a U.S. based institution, and explore how positionality, identity, and stereotypes shape their worldview during study tours. By engaging in an intentional, critical reflection process, we argue that participants can experience deeper emotional and intellectual transformation during short-term study tours. We use the case of a study tour to China to propose a framework for reflection during short-term study travel that we call “meta-travel.”

scholarly journals A cartografia da repressão: uma análise do enfrentamento ao tráfico de drogas na cidade de Canoas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-308
Author(s):  
W. M. de Lemos CAPELLER ◽  
L. GORSKI ◽  
G. CALDERIPE
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Do So

The following study seeks to demonstrate the main problems raised by the paradigm of Political Sociology in the penal field, namely in the sphere of the dysfunctionalities and the structural contradictions in the systems of penal persecution, to be revisited in Brazil in light of the very application of the current criminal legislation. To do so, we propose a critical reflection on prisons notorious for the crime of drug trafficking, before analyzing data obtained by means of observations and empirical studies carried out at the 2nd Police Station of the Metropolitan Region of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The data collected on the police’s activities points to a selectivity in criminal prosecution across different levels, to have invariably led to the individualization of certain punishable social groups.

From persuasive messages to tactics: Exploring children’s knowledge and judgement of new advertising formats

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2604-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter De Pauw ◽  
Ralf De Wolf ◽  
Liselot Hudders ◽  
Veroline Cauberghe
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Brand Placement ◽  
Reasoning Strategies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Societal Actors ◽  
Advertising Literacy ◽  
Brand Integration ◽  
Do So

Despite that contemporary advertising is decreasingly about persuading children through persuasive messages and increasingly about influencing them through implicit tactics, little attention has been given to how children may cope with advertising by understanding and evaluating the new advertising tactics. Drawing on 12 focus groups entailing 60 children of ages 9–11 years, this article investigates children’s advertising literacy by exploring their knowledge and judgements (and accordingly reasoning strategies) of the new advertising formats. In particular, insight is provided into children’s critical reflection on the tactics of brand integration, interactivity and personalization in the advertising formats brand placement, advergames and retargeted pre-roll video ads on social media. It is shown that while children not spontaneously do so, they appear to have the ability to understand these tactics and form judgements about their (moral) appropriateness, thereby considering a wide range of societal actors.

Vices of the Mind

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quassim Cassam
Keyword(s):  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Wishful Thinking ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Improvement Strategies ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

This book defends the view that epistemic vices are blameworthy or otherwise reprehensible character traits, attitudes, or ways of thinking that systematically obstruct the gaining, keeping, or sharing of knowledge. An account is given of specific epistemic vices and of the particular ways in which they get in the way of knowledge. Closed-mindedness is an example of a character vice, an epistemic vice that is a character trait. Epistemic insouciance and epistemic malevolence are examples of attitude vices. An example of an epistemic vice that is a way of thinking is wishful thinking. Only epistemic vices that we have the ability to control or modify are strictly blameworthy but all epistemic vices are intellectual failings that reflect badly on the person whose vices they are. Epistemic vices merit criticism if not blame. Many epistemic vices are stealthy, in the sense that they block their own detection by active critical reflection or other means. In these cases, traumatic experiences can sometimes open one’s eyes to one’s own failings but are not guaranteed to do so. Although significant obstacles stand in the way of self-improvement in respect of our epistemic vices, and some epistemic vices are resistant to self-improvement strategies, self-improvement is nevertheless possible in some cases.

Holding replication studies to mainstream standards of evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane T. Wegener ◽  
Leandre R. Fabrigar
Keyword(s):  
Replication Studies ◽  
Replication Research ◽  
Standards Of Evidence ◽  
Do So

AbstractReplications can make theoretical contributions, but are unlikely to do so if their findings are open to multiple interpretations (especially violations of psychometric invariance). Thus, just as studies demonstrating novel effects are often expected to empirically evaluate competing explanations, replications should be held to similar standards. Unfortunately, this is rarely done, thereby undermining the value of replication research.

Electron Microscopy of a Herpesvirus Isolated from Marek's Disease in Duck and Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cultures

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 222-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Nazerian
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Duck Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
And Control ◽  
Do So

A herpes-like virus has been isolated from duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cultures inoculated with blood from Marek's disease (MD) infected birds. Cultures which contained this virus produced MD in susceptible chickens while virus negative cultures and control cultures failed to do so. This and other circumstantial evidence including similarities in properties of the virus and the MD agent implicate this virus in the etiology of MD.Histochemical studies demonstrated the presence of DNA-staining intranuclear inclusion bodies in polykarocytes in infected cultures. Distinct nucleo-plasmic aggregates were also seen in sections of similar multinucleated cells examined with the electron microscope. These aggregates are probably the same as the inclusion bodies seen with the light microscope. Naked viral particles were observed in the nucleus of infected cells within or on the edges of the nucleoplasmic aggregates. These particles measured 95-100mμ, in diameter and rarely escaped into the cytoplasm or nuclear vesicles by budding through the nuclear membrane (Fig. 1). The enveloped particles (Fig. 2) formed in this manner measured 150-170mμ in diameter and always had a densely stained nucleoid. The virus in supernatant fluids consisted of naked capsids with 162 hollow, cylindrical capsomeres (Fig. 3). Enveloped particles were not seen in such preparations.

Debates in Dysphagia Management: How Do You Use Evidence-Based Practice in Your Dysphagia Patient Care?

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
Jeri A. Logemann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Do So

Evidence-based practice requires astute clinicians to blend our best clinical judgment with the best available external evidence and the patient's own values and expectations. Sometimes, we value one more than another during clinical decision-making, though it is never wise to do so, and sometimes other factors that we are unaware of produce unanticipated clinical outcomes. Sometimes, we feel very strongly about one clinical method or another, and hopefully that belief is founded in evidence. Some beliefs, however, are not founded in evidence. The sound use of evidence is the best way to navigate the debates within our field of practice.

The Persnickety Pervasiveness of Rating Enhancement in Personality Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Stachowski ◽  
John T. Kulas
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Psychological Measurement ◽  
Shared Sets ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Original Target ◽  
Target Profile ◽  
Do So ◽  
Normative Influences

Abstract. The current paper explores whether self and observer reports of personality are properly viewed through a contrasting lens (as opposed to a more consonant framework). Specifically, we challenge the assumption that self-reports are more susceptible to certain forms of response bias than are informant reports. We do so by examining whether selves and observers are similarly or differently drawn to socially desirable and/or normative influences in personality assessment. Targets rated their own personalities and recommended another person to also do so along shared sets of items diversely contaminated with socially desirable content. The recommended informant then invited a third individual to additionally make ratings of the original target. Profile correlations, analysis of variances (ANOVAs), and simple patterns of agreement/disagreement consistently converged on a strong normative effect paralleling item desirability, with all three rater types exhibiting a tendency to reject socially undesirable descriptors while also endorsing desirable indicators. These tendencies were, in fact, more prominent for informants than they were for self-raters. In their entirety, our results provide a note of caution regarding the strategy of using non-self informants as a comforting comparative benchmark within psychological measurement applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document