Comparison of Atacama Desert Solar Spectrum vs. ASTM G173-03 Reference Spectra for Solar Energy Applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Marzo ◽  
F Beiza ◽  
P Ferrada ◽  
J Alonso ◽  
R Roman
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Energy Applications

Advances and significance of solar reflectors in solar energy technology in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Akhtar ◽  
M Khurram Hashmi ◽  
Ishaq Ahmad ◽  
Rizwan Raza
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Silver Coating ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Energy Applications

Being located in the Sun Belt, Pakistan is rich in sunlight and receives a high mean irradiation. This condition is ideal for harnessing Sun’s power for solar energy applications by using solar reflectors. In spite of possessing such a rich solar irradiation area, Pakistan is facing energy crisis because most of the energy resources are still unexploited. This paper discusses the energy crisis of Pakistan and provides the solution by putting efforts into solar energy technology, as well as devising innovative ways to incorporate solar reflectors into a solar panel and get more power generation out of it by a diminutive modification. Reflectors are used in the solar technology to concentrate the sunlight onto the solar panels. They employ glass as a base material with a silver coating and a protective layer over it. They elevate the energy input of solar panels as the whole solar spectrum is reflected on them. Materials with more reflective properties are needed to be used to increase the reflectivity and efficiency of solar reflectors. In Pakistan, no significant work is done till now towards the development of solar reflectors. If solar reflectors are used with the solar panels, then their efficiency as well as production from the solar panels will be maximized.

scholarly journals Visible Light-Responsive N-Doped TiO2 Photocatalysis: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwen Du ◽  
Juhong Lian ◽  
Fuxiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
As Doping ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractPhotocatalysis based on semiconductors has recently been receiving considerable research interest because of its extensive applications in environmental remediation and renewable energy generation. Various semiconductor-based materials that are vital to solar energy utilization have been extensively investigated, among which titanium oxide (TiO2) has attracted considerable attention because of its exceptional physicochemical characteristics. However, the sluggish responsiveness to visible light in the solar spectrum and the inefficient separation of photoinduced electron–hole pairs hamper the practical application of TiO2 materials. To overcome the aforementioned serious drawbacks of TiO2, numerous strategies, such as doping with foreign atoms, particularly nitrogen (N), have been improved in the past few decades. This review aims to provide a comprehensive update and description of the recent developments of N-doped TiO2 materials for visible light-responsive photocatalysis, such as (1) the preparation of N-doped/co-doped TiO2 photocatalysts and (2) mechanistic studies on the reasons for visible light response. Furthermore, the most recent and significant advances in the field of solar energy applications of modified N-doped TiO2 are summarized. The analysis indicated the critical need for further development of these types of materials for the solar-to-energy conversion, particularly for water splitting purposes.

Cost Effective Synthesis and Fabrication of Phase-Pure Kesterite Cu2-xZn1.3SnS4 P-type Absorber Layer Thin Films by Solvent Based Process Technique for Photovoltaic Solar Energy Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
B. Khadambari ◽  
S. S. Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Absorber Layer ◽  
Window Layer ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Process Technique ◽  
Absorber Material ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
P Type

Solar has become one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources. With the push towards sustainability it is an excellent solution to resolve the issue of our diminishing finite resources. Alternative photovoltaic systems are of much importance to utilize solar energy efficiently. The Cu-chalcopyrite compounds CuInS2 and CuInSe2 and their alloys provide absorber material of high absorption coefficients of the order of 105 cm-1. Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is more promising material for photovoltaic applications as Zn and Sn are abundant materials of earth’s crust. Further, the preparation of CZTS-ink facilitates the production of flexible solar cells. The device can be designed with Al doped ZnO as the front contact, n-type window layer (e.g. intrinsic ZnO); an n-type thin film buffer layer (e.g. CdS) and a p-type CZTS absorber layer with Molybdenum (Mo) substrate as back contact. In this study, CZTS films were synthesized by a non-vaccum solvent based process technique from a molecular-ink using a non toxic eco-friendly solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The deposited CZTS films were optimized and characterized by XRD, UV-visible spectroscopy and SEM.

scholarly journals Use of biodegradable colloids and carbon black nanofluids for solar energy applications

AIP Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 055214
Author(s):  
A. Kosinska ◽  
B. V. Balakin ◽  
P. Kosinski
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Energy Applications

scholarly journals Tuning Bandgaps of Mixed Halide and Oxide Perovskites CsSnX3 (X=Cl, I), and SrBO3 (B=Rh, Ti)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6862
Author(s):  
Hongzhe Wen ◽  
Xuan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Valence Bands ◽  
The Ideal

Perovskites have recently attracted interest in the field of solar energy due to their excellent photovoltaic properties. We herein present a new approach to the composition of lead free perovskites via mixing of halide and oxide perovskites that share the cubic ABX3 structure. Using first-principles calculations through Density Functional Theory, we systematically investigated the atomic and electronic structures of mixed perovskite compounds composed of four cubic ABX3 perovskites. Our result shows that the B and X atoms play important roles in their band structure. On the other hand, their valence bands contributed by O-2p, Rh-4p, and Ti-3p orbitals, and their electronic properties were determined by Rh-O and Ti-O bonds. With new understandings of the electronic properties of cubic halide or oxide perovskites, we lastly combined the cubic perovskites in various configurations to improve stability and tune the bandgap to values desirable for photovoltaic cell applications. Our investigations suggest that the mixed perovskite compound Cs2Sn2Cl3I3Sr2TiRhO6 produced a bandgap of 1.2 eV, which falls into the ideal range of 1.0 to 1.7 eV, indicating high photo-conversion efficiency and showing promise towards solar energy applications.

scholarly journals Optical investigations and photoactive solar energy applications of new synthesized Schiff base liquid crystal derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fowzia S. Alamro ◽  
Sobhi M. Gomha ◽  
Mohamed Shaban ◽  
Abeer S. Altowyan ◽  
Tariq Z. Abolibda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Meta Position ◽  
Chain Group ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Materials

AbstractNew homologues series of liquid crystalline materials namely, (E)-3-methoxy-4-[(p-tolylimino)methyl]phenyl 4-alkloxybenzoates (I-n), were designed and evaluated for their mesomorphic and optical behavior. The prepared series constitutes three members that differ from each other by the terminally attached alkoxy chain group, these vary between 6 and 12 carbons. A laterally OCH3 group is incorporated into the central benzene ring in meta position with respect to the ester moiety. Mesomorphic characterizations of the prepared derivatives are conducted using differential scanning-calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical-microscopy (POM). Molecular structures were elucidated by elemental analyses and NMR spectroscopy. DSC and POM investigations revealed that all the synthesized derivatives are purely nematogenic exhibiting only nematic (N) mesophase, except for the longest chain derivative (I-12) that is dimorphic possesses smectic A and N phases. Moreover, all members of the group have a wide mesomorphic range with high thermal nematic stability. A comparative study was established between the present derivative (I-6) and their previously prepared isomer. The results indicated that the location exchange of the polar compact group (CH3) influences the N mesophase stability and range. The electrical measurements revealed that all synthesized series I-n show Ohmic behaviors with effective electric resistances in the GΩ range. Under white light illumination, the effective electric conductivity for the compound I-8 is five times that obtained in dark conditions. This derivative also showed two direct optical band gaps in the UV and visible light range. In addition, I-6 has band energy gaps of values 1.07 and 2.79 eV, which are suitable for solar energy applications.

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