Cost Effective Synthesis and Fabrication of Phase-Pure Kesterite Cu2-xZn1.3SnS4 P-type Absorber Layer Thin Films by Solvent Based Process Technique for Photovoltaic Solar Energy Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
B. Khadambari ◽  
S. S. Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Absorber Layer ◽  
Window Layer ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Process Technique ◽  
Absorber Material ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
P Type

Solar has become one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources. With the push towards sustainability it is an excellent solution to resolve the issue of our diminishing finite resources. Alternative photovoltaic systems are of much importance to utilize solar energy efficiently. The Cu-chalcopyrite compounds CuInS2 and CuInSe2 and their alloys provide absorber material of high absorption coefficients of the order of 105 cm-1. Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is more promising material for photovoltaic applications as Zn and Sn are abundant materials of earth’s crust. Further, the preparation of CZTS-ink facilitates the production of flexible solar cells. The device can be designed with Al doped ZnO as the front contact, n-type window layer (e.g. intrinsic ZnO); an n-type thin film buffer layer (e.g. CdS) and a p-type CZTS absorber layer with Molybdenum (Mo) substrate as back contact. In this study, CZTS films were synthesized by a non-vaccum solvent based process technique from a molecular-ink using a non toxic eco-friendly solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The deposited CZTS films were optimized and characterized by XRD, UV-visible spectroscopy and SEM.

scholarly journals Potency of Solar Energy Applications in Indonesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noer Abyor Handayani ◽  
Dessy Ariyanti
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Energy Applications

Currently, 80% of conventional energy is used to fulfill general public's needs andindustries. The depletion of oil and gas reserves and rapid growth in conventional energyconsumption have continuously forced us to discover renewable energy sources, like solar, wind,biomass, and hydropower, to support economic development in the future. Solar energy travels at aspeed of 186,000 miles per second. Only a small part of the radiant energy that the sun emits intospace ever reaches the Earth, but that is more than enough to supply all our energy demand.Indonesia is a tropical country and located in the equator line, so it has an abundant potential ofsolar energy. Most of Indonesian area get enough intensity of solar radiation with the average dailyradiation around 4 kWh/m2. Basically, the solar systems use solar collectors and concentrators forcollecting, storing, and using solar radiation to be applied for the benefit of domestics, commercials,and industrials. Common applications for solar thermal energy used in industry are the SWHs, solardryers, space heating, cooling systems and water desalination.

scholarly journals A Framework for Photovoltaic and Thermosiphon Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gustavo Guidoni ◽  
Frederico Papatella ◽  
Elizabeth Pereira ◽  
Mark Song
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Private And Public

Pessimistic forecasts are growing in the Brazilian energy scenario demanding the use of renewable sources of energy such as the solar one. As metropolitan regions have become more populous, private and public companies have developed new technologies based on renewable energy sources. In order to supply such demand, new computer techniques have to be developed. This paper presents a framework to assist the developer to model new components and simulate solar energy applications. By applying the framework concepts, such as source code reuse, one can create a complete environment to evaluate solar energy data. The framework supports software development and tool implementation to be used in photovoltaic and thermosiphon processes.

scholarly journals Design of Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter for Solar Energy Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01035
Author(s):  
Nitin Pawar ◽  
Vijay Kumar Tayal ◽  
Pallavi Choudekar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Output Current ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Multilevel Inverters ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Waveform Pattern

The continuous rise in electricity demand leads to adoption of renewable energy sources such as sun, wind for power generation. In order to utilize the electric power obtained from renewable solar energy, inverters are required to inject the electricity into the grid. This paper presents single phase flying capacitor multi-level inverter with help of SPWM technique. The comparison of single phase three-level, five-level and seven-level flying capacitor multilevel inverters is carried out with respect to waveform pattern, output current, output voltage, active power and reactive power waveforms. The simulations are conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

scholarly journals The Potentiality of Rice Husk-Derived Activated Carbon: From Synthesis to Application

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Masruck Alam ◽  
Md Ashraf Hossain ◽  
Md Delowar Hossain ◽  
M.A.H. Johir ◽  
Jewel Hossen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Catalytic Support ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Effective Synthesis

Activated carbon (AC) has been extensively utilized as an adsorbent over the past few decades. AC has widespread applications, including the removal of different contaminants from water and wastewater, and it is also being used in capacitors, battery electrodes, catalytic supports, and gas storage materials because of its specific characteristics e.g., high surface area with electrical properties. The production of AC from naturally occurring precursors (e.g., coal, biomass, coconut shell, sugarcane bagasse, and so on) is highly interesting in terms of the material applications in chemistry; however, recently much focus has been placed on the use of agricultural wastes (e.g., rice husk) to produce AC. Rice husk (RH) is an abundant as well as cheap material which can be converted into AC for various applications. Various pollutants such as textile dyes, organic contaminants, inorganic anions, pesticides, and heavy metals can be effectively removed by RH-derived AC. In addition, RH-derived AC has been applied in supercapacitors, electrodes for Li-ion batteries, catalytic support, and energy storage, among other uses. Cost-effective synthesis of AC can be an alternative for AC production. Therefore, this review mainly covers different synthetic routes and applications of AC produced from RH precursors. Different environmental, catalytic, and energy applications have been pinpointed. Furthermore, AC regeneration, desorption, and relevant environmental concerns have also been covered. Future scopes for further research and development activities are also discussed. Overall, it was found that RH-derived AC has great potential for different applications which can be further explored at real scales, i.e., for industrial applications in the future.

scholarly journals Cost effective synthesis of p-type Zn-doped MgAgSb by planetary ball-milling with enhanced thermoelectric properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (62) ◽  
pp. 35353-35359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Zheng ◽  
Chengyan Liu ◽  
Lei Miao ◽  
Hong Lin ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thermoelectric Performance ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Planetary Ball Milling ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
P Type

Zn doped MgAgSb with improved purity and thermoelectric performance was synthesized via common planetary ball milling and spark plasma sintering.

scholarly journals Charge-transfer dynamics at the dye–semiconductor interface of photocathodes for solar energy applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 449-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona A. Black ◽  
Christopher J. Wood ◽  
Simbarashe Ngwerume ◽  
Gareth H. Summers ◽  
Ian P. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Redox Couple ◽  
Semiconductor Interface ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Dye Regeneration ◽  
Transient Spectroscopy ◽  
Charge Transfer Dynamics ◽  
P Type

This article describes a comparison between the photophysical properties of two charge-transfer dyes adsorbed onto NiO via two different binding moieties. Transient spectroscopy measurements suggest that the structure of the anchoring group affects both the rate of charge recombination between the dye and NiO surface and the rate of dye regeneration by an iodide/triiodide redox couple. This is consistent with the performance of the dyes in p-type dye sensitised solar cells. A key finding was that the recombination rate differed in the presence of the redox couple. These results have important implications on the study of electron transfer at dye|semiconductor interfaces for solar energy applications.

Sustainable Cooling with Hybrid Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal (CPVT) System and Hydrogen Energy Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Burhan ◽  
Muhammad Wakil Shahzad ◽  
Kim Choon Ng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Adsorption Chiller ◽  
Back Plate

Standalone power systems have vital importance as energy source for remote area. On the other hand, a significant portion of such power production is used for cooling purposes. In this scenario, renewable energy sources provide sustainable solution, especially solar energy due to its global availability. Concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system provides highest efficiency photovoltaic technology, which can operate at x1000 concentration ratio. However, such high concentration ratio requires heat dissipation from the cell area to maintain optimum temperature. This paper discusses the size optimization algorithm of sustainable cooling system using CPVT. Based upon the CPV which is operating at x1000 concentration with back plate liquid cooling, the CPVT system size is optimized to drive a hybrid mechanical vapor compression (MVC) chiller and adsorption chiller, by utilizing both electricity and heat obtained from the solar system. The electrolysis based hydrogen is used as primary energy storage system along with the hot water storage tanks. The micro genetic algorithm (micro-GA) based optimization algorithm is developed to find the optimum size of each component of CPVT-Cooling system with uninterrupted power supply and minimum cost, according to the developed operational strategy. The hybrid system is operated with solar energy system efficiency of 71%.

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