scholarly journals Experimental studies on seed production of tropical grasses in Kenya. 4. The effect of fertilizer and planting density on Chloris gayana cv. Mbarara.

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
J.G. Boonman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Clean Seed ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Germinable Seed

Rhodes grass sown broadcast or in rows 25-100 cm apart at 0.2-1.8 kg pure germinable seed/ha was given 0-80 kg seedbed P2O5 and 0-200 kg N/ha for each seed crop. Yields of DM in the establishment year were significantly higher at high seed rates and close spacing, whereas yields of clean seed were decreased from 145 kg/ha (50-cm rows) at the lowest seed rate to 110 kg/ha at the highest. Seed yields were highest, 160 kg/ha, from broadcast sowings at 1 kg/ha. Yields of pure germinable seed were not significantly affected by treatment. In 6 seed crops taken after establishment, the only factor of importance for seed yield was N; yields of pure germinable seed increased from 6.2 kg/ha without N to 36.7-41.0 kg/ha at 100 kg N/ha and 41.2-43.2 kg/ha at 150 kg N/ha. DM yields from these 6 crops were higher at the wider row spacings. Increased N and wider spacing accelerated the onset of heading. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Experimental studies on seed production of tropical grasses in Kenya. 2. Tillering and heading in seed crops of eight grasses.

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-249
Author(s):  
J.G. Boonman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Linear Rate ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields

Tillering in seed crops grown undisturbed for 6 months was studied over 2 years in cultivars of Setaria sphacelata, Chloris gayana, Panicum coloratum, Panicum maximum and Brachiaria ruziziensis. Tiller numbers rose to a maximum around the time of initial head emergence (5-10 heads/m2), followed by a decline and finally a levelling off. Head emergence was found to continue in some cv. for over 3 months. The weight/tiller increased at a linear rate. Tiller numbers never exceeded 1900/m2. Tillers were less numerous but were heavier in the year of sowing than in the subsequent year. Total dry weights of tillers were also highest in the first year. Seed yield was significantly correlated with degree of concentrated head emergence and percentage of heading tillers in a cultivar. It is suggested that, within cv., plants with heavier tillers may produce higher seed yields. Cv. within species can be identified according to date of initial head emergence. A type of culm branching is described in which tillers develop into flowering culms out of elevated nodes of erect parental culms. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Wood Ash Improved Soil Properties and Crop Yield for Nine Years and Saved Fertilizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabal S. Gill ◽  
Sukhdev S. Malhi ◽  
Newton Z. Lupwayi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Contribution Margin ◽  
Seed Yields

<p>Wood ash may be used to mitigate soil acidity and improve crop production. We compared effects of wood ash and recommended fertilizers on soil properties of a Gray Luivsol, crop yields and contribution margins in southeast Peace, Alberta, Canada. The CHK (no fertilizer, inoculation or wood ash), FRT (recommended fertilizers or inoculation), ASH (wood ash rate to supply amounts of phosphorus equivalent to the FRT treatment); and ASH+N (same as ASH + N fertilizer or inoculation) treatments were applied in 2006 and 2007. Their effects were studied from 2006 to 2014. Wood ash had all the essential plant nutrients, except nitrogen. Soil samples collected in 2007, 2008 and 2013 had or tended to have higher pH, P, K, Ca, Ca:Mg ratio, S, Cu, Zn and B levels for the ASH and ASH+N treatments than the CHK and FRT treatments. In the 2006 and 2007, the seed yields were ASH+N &gt; FRT &gt; ASH &gt; CHK. The seed yields in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 were greater from both the wood ash treatments than other treatments. Extra contribution margin from the ASH+N over the FRT treatment was $751/ha, i.e. $97 Mg<sup>-1</sup> of applied wood ash. Overall, wood ash reduced fertilizer expenditure and improved seed yield, contribution margin and soil properties, with residual effects observed up to seven years and likely for few more years.</p>

scholarly journals Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) seed yield response to fungicides a summary of 12 years of field research

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
B.L. McCloy ◽  
I.C. Harvey ◽  
R.W. Chynoweth
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Green Leaf Area

A summary of seed yield data from 19 fungicide trials in perennial and hybrid ryegrass (Lolium spp) seed crops conducted over a 12 year period is presented Seed yields from the best fungicide treatments were increased on average by 25 in forage ryegrass (390 kg/ha) and 42 in turf ryegrass (580 kg/ha) Seed yield increases were associated with the control of stem rust and/or maintaining green leaf area during seed fill In turf ryegrass (susceptible to stem rust) delaying the first fungicide application until stem rust appeared resulted in seed yields that were not different (P>005) from the untreated experimental controls whereas early fungicide applications from the beginning of reproductive development increased seed yield by between 36 and 42 Fungicide mixes of a triazole plus a strobilurin usually gave higher seed yields than using either fungicide type alone

scholarly journals Experimental studies on seed production tropical grasses in Kenya. 6. The effect of harvest date on seed yield in varieties of Setaria sphacelata, Chloris gayana and Panicum coloratum.

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
J.G. Boonman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Panicum Coloratum ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Late Abstract

Setaria sphacelata cv. Nandi I and Nandi III, Chloris gayana cv. Mbarara, Masaba and Pokot, and Panicum coloratum cv. Solai were grown for seed and harvested on a range of dates beginning 3-4 weeks after initial head emergence (defined as 5-10 heads/m2). Harvesting date was not very critical, and harvesting could normally be spread over 1-2 weeks. The interval between initial heading and optimum harvest date was normally 6-7 weeks. In most crops considerable shedding of spikelets (up to 30-50% in P. coloratum, rather less in the other 2 species) could be tolerated before yield of pure germinating seed fell with delay in harvesting. It was suggested that most of the spikelets which were shed early were empty. Cultivars which headed early produced nearly twice as much seed as those which headed late. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Chemical Manipulation of Grass Seed Crops

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
J.G. Hampton ◽  
T.G.A. Clemence ◽  
B.L. Mccloy
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seed Abortion ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields

The seed yield potential established at anthesis in grass seed crops is usually 5-10 times greater than actual seed yields realised at harvest. Losses in seed yield between anthesis and harvest result primarily from the death of fertile tillers and poor seed site utilisation. Lodging has been identified as one of the most important factors reducing seed yields, and the use of growth retardants has significantly increased seed yield in perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. The effects of the growth retardant paclobutrazol on the growth, development and seed yield of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are presented and discussed. Little is known of the effects of leaf and stem diseases on grass seed yields. Recent research has found that fungicide application can substantially increase seed yield in perennial ryegrass through delaying senescence of leaf tissue. Increased leaf area duration is associated with a reduction in seed abortion, resulting in more seeds per spikelet at harvest. The possibilities for fungicide use in the crop are discussed. Keywords: Seed production, grasses, fertile tillers, seed abortion, growth retardants, paclobutrazol, fungicide, senescence.

Crop density and seed production of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra). 1. Yield and plant development

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Initial Population Density ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Clean Seed ◽  
Seed Crops

The natural growth habit of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) involves a steady proliferation of tillers, which eventually become too dense to form seedheads. A field study was conducted to evaluate whether seed yield of fescue can be optimized for one, two or three consecutive crops by manipulating the initial population density and arrangement of plants. Individual seedling plants were transplanted at seven densities (1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 plants m−2) and three row spacings (20, 40 and 80 cm), and characteristics of seed production were determined for 3 yr (1991–1993). Heading commenced at dates differing by 16 d in the 3 yr and was delayed by up to 7 d as density increased. Seed maturity occurred in a 7-d period in each year (15–22 July). For a single harvest, an initial density of 12–100 plants m−2 on a row spacing of 20 cm or 12–50 plants m−2 on a row spacing of 40 cm is required to optimize yield and produce about 600 kg ha−1 of clean seed. For two consecutive harvests, an initial population density of 6–25 plants m−2 on a row spacing of 20 cm or 6–50 plants m−2 on a row spacing of 40 cm is required to optimize yield and produce a total of about 800 kg ha−1 of clean seed. For producing for either 1 or 2 yr, a density of 12–25 plants m−2 on rows no wider than 40 cm is required to optimize seed yield in each year. The probability of producing a third seed crop decreases markedly as the initial plant density increases and as the row spacing decreases. It is probably uneconomic to harvest more than two consecutive seed crops with current management practices. Key words: Red fescue; Festuca rubra var. rubra, population density, plant spacing, seed production

scholarly journals Effect of Spacing on Seed Yield of Indigenous Rangeland and Forage Grass Species Grown under Drip Irrigation

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Saleem K. Nadaf ◽  
Safaa M. Al-Farsi ◽  
Saleh A. Al-Hinai ◽  
Abdul Aziz S. Al-Harthi ◽  
Ahmed N. Al-Bakri
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Narrow Row

Two indigenous rangeland forage species, Cenchrus ciliaris and Coelachyrum piercei, were investigated for their response to varying inter-row (50 and 100-cm) and inter plant spacing (25, 50 and 100-cm) under drip irrigation along with the perennial popular forage, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana). Expression of traits, such as plant stand, plant height, number of tillers, number of panicles and seed yield, differed under varying inter-row and inter-plant spacing in different harvests. The grass species produced higher seed yield due to less interplant competition under wider (100-cm) than under narrow row (50-cm) spacing. Chloris gayana produced highest mean seed yield in wider inter-plant spacing (100-cm) under both inter-row spacings, viz. 100-cm (488 kg/ha) and 50-cm (449 kg/ha), followed by Cenchrus ciliaris (449 kg/ha under 100-cm and 377 kg/ha under 50-cm row spacing) and Coelachyrum piercei (274 kg/ha under 100-cm and 210 kg/ha under 50-cm row spacing). In respect of seed quality for samples harvested selectively or in bulk, the three grasses showed very low germination when tested immediately (1-2 weeks) after harvest, not only for bulk seed (0 to 1.5%) but also for selected seed (0.8% to 2.8%). Mean germination of grass species recorded after 12 months of harvests was significantly greater (53 %) than that recorded after 5 months (34 %) of harvests. Of the three grass species, Cenchrus ciliaris recorded significantly (p<0.01) highest germination % (50 %) followed by Chloris gayana (41 %) and Coelachyrum piercei (39 %). Selected seeds had significantly (p<0.01) higher germination (53 %) than bulk seeds (33 %).Keywords: 

scholarly journals Phalaris and tall fescue seed production: Volunteer control and herbicide tolerance

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
K. Reddy ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
W.J. Archie
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields

Experiments in grass seed crops investigated the control of volunteers in phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) and tolerance of phalaris seed crops to four herbicides and tall fescue (Festuca arundiacea) to eight herbicides. Atrazine at 2040 g/ha gave 94% control of volunteer phalaris and both atrazine at 2040 g/ha and ethofumesate at 2000 g/ha showed good tolerance with phalaris seed yields of 760 and 750 kg/ha compared to untreated control which had a seed yield of 620 kg/ha. Tall fescue seed yields showed good tolerance to terbuthylazine at 750 g/ha, prodiamine at 65 g/ha, chlorpropham at 1200 g/ha, diuron at 1800 g/ha and oxyflurofen at 288 g/ha with seed yields of 2580-2730 kg/ha compared to untreated of 2200 kg/ha. In the second year, burn treatments with metolachlor at 1920 g/ha gave 88 % volunteer control with a seed yield of 1380 kg/ha compared with untreated control of 1090 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Experimental studies on seed production of tropical grasses in Kenya. 3. The effect of nitrogen and row width on seed crops of Setaria sphacelata cv. Nandi II.

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
J.G. Boonman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Seed Crop ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Germinable Seed

Setaria sphacelata sown broadcast or in rows up to 100 cm apart was given 0-260 kg N/ha applied to each seed crop. 100 kg N/ha increased herbage DM yields 3-fold and yields of germinable seed 7-fold. At 130 kg N/ha yields of germinable seed were 33% higher from rows 30 cm apart than from rows 90 cm apart. Percentage and yield of germinable seed varied very greatly between seasons, though DM yield and inflorescence number varied little. The highest yield of germinable seed was 48 kg/ha for a single harvest. Rapid heading was preceded by a rapid increase and a subsequent rapid decline in tiller numbers. Herbage DM response to 100 kg N was 65 kg DM/kg N. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals MIRlDS IN 'GRASSLANDS MAKU' LOTUS SEED CROPS: FRIENDS OR FOES?

1983 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
P.T.P. Clifford ◽  
J.A. Wightman ◽  
D.N.J. Whitford
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Lotus Seed ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Insecticide Control

The need for mirid (Calocoris norvegicus Gmel.) control to improve seed yields of 'Grasslands Maku' lotus seed crops was studied over two seasons on a crop near Lincoln, Canterbury. In 1980 seed yields were increased by 40% to 850 kg/ha by the application of bromophos (500 g a.i./ha) in mid-December to remove a population of 30 mirids/20 net sweeps. In 1981, demetonb-methyl (200 g a.i./haj was applied along with a water only control in mid-November, followed by a blanket spray of bromophos in mid-December. There were two separate effects resulting from the use of metasystox. Although demetondmethyl protection gave a higher seed yield/stem for early-formed flowerheads the pattern was reversed for the later-formed flowerheads because early mirid attack increased flowerhead numbers/stem. Laterformed umbels gave a more concentrated span of flowering, which enhanced better timing of harvest of this crop which is prone to pod shattering. The recommendation is to control mirids only in mid-December using bromophos. an insecticide that is relatively bee safe. Key Words: Seed production, Lotus pedunculatus, mirids, Calocoris norvegicus, insecticide control

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