scholarly journals MIRlDS IN 'GRASSLANDS MAKU' LOTUS SEED CROPS: FRIENDS OR FOES?

1983 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
P.T.P. Clifford ◽  
J.A. Wightman ◽  
D.N.J. Whitford
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Lotus Seed ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Insecticide Control

The need for mirid (Calocoris norvegicus Gmel.) control to improve seed yields of 'Grasslands Maku' lotus seed crops was studied over two seasons on a crop near Lincoln, Canterbury. In 1980 seed yields were increased by 40% to 850 kg/ha by the application of bromophos (500 g a.i./ha) in mid-December to remove a population of 30 mirids/20 net sweeps. In 1981, demetonb-methyl (200 g a.i./haj was applied along with a water only control in mid-November, followed by a blanket spray of bromophos in mid-December. There were two separate effects resulting from the use of metasystox. Although demetondmethyl protection gave a higher seed yield/stem for early-formed flowerheads the pattern was reversed for the later-formed flowerheads because early mirid attack increased flowerhead numbers/stem. Laterformed umbels gave a more concentrated span of flowering, which enhanced better timing of harvest of this crop which is prone to pod shattering. The recommendation is to control mirids only in mid-December using bromophos. an insecticide that is relatively bee safe. Key Words: Seed production, Lotus pedunculatus, mirids, Calocoris norvegicus, insecticide control

Desiccation of alfalfa for seed production with diquat and glufosinate

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
S. N. Acharya ◽  
J. Fraser ◽  
K. W. Richards ◽  
N. Foroud
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

Recommendations for desiccation of alfalfa do not clearly define the stage at which desiccants should be applied. To obtain this information, diquat and glufosinate were applied to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) from 1991 to 1994 at various stages of maturity to determine the effect of desiccant and stage of maturity at desiccation on seed yield 1000-seed weight and seed germinability. Alfalfa seed yields, 1000-seed weights, percent germination and percent viable seed were similar after desiccation with diquat and glufosinate. Desiccation when 60–75% of the alfalfa seed pods were brown permitted maximum seed yields. Percent germination increased slightly in seeds that were exposed to weathering under normal conditions until all pods turned brown. Both desiccants adequately desiccated alfalfa for harvesting but desiccation with glufosinate took 2 or 3 d longer than diquat. Desiccants did not reduce alfalfa growth in the spring after application. Key words: Germination, yield, hard seed, seed weight, stage

scholarly journals Phalaris and tall fescue seed production: Volunteer control and herbicide tolerance

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
K. Reddy ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
W.J. Archie
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields

Experiments in grass seed crops investigated the control of volunteers in phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) and tolerance of phalaris seed crops to four herbicides and tall fescue (Festuca arundiacea) to eight herbicides. Atrazine at 2040 g/ha gave 94% control of volunteer phalaris and both atrazine at 2040 g/ha and ethofumesate at 2000 g/ha showed good tolerance with phalaris seed yields of 760 and 750 kg/ha compared to untreated control which had a seed yield of 620 kg/ha. Tall fescue seed yields showed good tolerance to terbuthylazine at 750 g/ha, prodiamine at 65 g/ha, chlorpropham at 1200 g/ha, diuron at 1800 g/ha and oxyflurofen at 288 g/ha with seed yields of 2580-2730 kg/ha compared to untreated of 2200 kg/ha. In the second year, burn treatments with metolachlor at 1920 g/ha gave 88 % volunteer control with a seed yield of 1380 kg/ha compared with untreated control of 1090 kg/ha.

scholarly journals MAKU LOTUS SEED PRODUCTION IN PRACTISE

1983 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
G.W. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lotus Seed ◽  
Harvesting Techniques ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Gross Margins

After 4 years practical experience in growing Maku Lotus seed crops and with the help of research, an establishment and management package has been developed that should ensure growers of more reliable seed yields than in the past. information on herbicide requirements, irrigation, pest control closing date, flowering, pollination and harvesting techniques are included. Nevertheless an analysis of gross margins based on a return of $lZ/kg suggests the return on investment is inadequate considering the high risks involved. Keywords: Maku Lotus, Lotus pedunculafus, seed production, management, herbicides, harvesting, gross margin.

Increase Longleaf Pine Seed Yields by Inhibiting Conelet Abortion

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract A single foliar spray with either antiethylene compounds or cytokinins shortly after anthesis reduced conelet abortion by half and doubled seed production. Spraying with boric acid plus Cytex® , a relatively economical form of cytokinin derived from seaweed, was equally effective,and addition of certain antiethylene compounds further improved seed yield. South. J. Appl. For. 11(1):6-9.

scholarly journals Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) seed yield response to fungicides a summary of 12 years of field research

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
B.L. McCloy ◽  
I.C. Harvey ◽  
R.W. Chynoweth
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Green Leaf Area

A summary of seed yield data from 19 fungicide trials in perennial and hybrid ryegrass (Lolium spp) seed crops conducted over a 12 year period is presented Seed yields from the best fungicide treatments were increased on average by 25 in forage ryegrass (390 kg/ha) and 42 in turf ryegrass (580 kg/ha) Seed yield increases were associated with the control of stem rust and/or maintaining green leaf area during seed fill In turf ryegrass (susceptible to stem rust) delaying the first fungicide application until stem rust appeared resulted in seed yields that were not different (P>005) from the untreated experimental controls whereas early fungicide applications from the beginning of reproductive development increased seed yield by between 36 and 42 Fungicide mixes of a triazole plus a strobilurin usually gave higher seed yields than using either fungicide type alone

Preharvest glyphosate in alfalfa for seed production: Effect on alfalfa seed yield and quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. May ◽  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
D. C. Murrell ◽  
C. D. Myhre ◽  
J. J. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

Preharvest applications of glyphosate have been shown to be effective in controlling Canada thistle in annual crops, but may reduce alfalfa seed yield depending on time and rate of application. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate on subsequent alfalfa seed yield and quality. The effects of timing, 1, 26, 51 and 76% alfalfa seed pod maturity, and rate, 0, 440, 880, 1320, and 1760 g a.i. ha-1, of a preharvest application of glyphosate on alfalfa seed yield and quality in the year of application, and regrowth and seed yield in the following year were determined. The rate of glyphosate applied did not affect seed yield in the application year; however, in the following year, growth and seed yield were reduced as rates increased. Delaying the application of glyphosate increased seed yields in the application year, but decreased alfalfa regrowth and flowering the following year. Germination and seedling emergence were not affected by the rate or timing of the glyphosate. A preharvest application of glyphosate at 1760 g a.i. ha-1 at 76% pod maturity is a viable option in the last year of seed production. Key words: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), glyphosate, abnormal seeds, seed quality, and seedling vigour

Effect of shallow, rotary cultivation with vertical tines and nitrogen fertilization on the seed productivity of creeping red fescue

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-719
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
River Region ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Seed Crops

A field study in the Peace River region of north-western Canada evaluated the effect of shallow rotary cultivation with vertical tines on the seed production of stands of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra). At four sites, rotary cultivation treatments (None, Low, Medium and High tine rotor speed) were applied after the harvest of the first and second seed crops, in factorial combination with the time of application of 68 kg ha-1 N fertilizer (Early fall, Late fall, and Split 1:1 early:late fall). In harvest years 2 and 3, the effect of site on seed yield per unit land area was modified by both N and rotary cultivation. In harvest year 2, seed yield at Site 1 was increased greatly by rotary cultivation, regardless of the tine rotor speed, but there was little difference among the four cultivation treatments at the other three sites. In harvest year 3, seed yield was increased with Low, Medium and High rotary cultivation to 6- to 11-fold that without rotary cultivation at Sites 1 and 2 but only to 1.4- to 2-fold at Sites 3 and 4. Seed yield response to rotary cultivation was dependent on site and year, a reflection of the physiological status of the fescue plants at each specific site. Rotary cultivation treatments may have been too detrimental to tiller growth and development for sustaining and enhancing seed yield, particularly at Sites 3 and 4 prior to harvest year 2. There was no consistent pattern of response in seed yield among the four sites to the three N treatments in either harvest year 2 or 3. Although there was a significant (P < 0.001) N × rotary cultivation interaction for seed yield in harvest year 3, the pattern among cultivation treatments was generally similar for each N treatment; compared to no cultivation, the three cultivation treatments more than doubled seed yield to 255–322 kg ha-1 with Early and Split N and increased it 4- to 6-fold to 203–288 kg ha-1 with Late N. There is some potential for rotary cultivation, but the selected treatments were generally too aggressive in suppressing tillers. Key words: Rejuvenation of creeping red fescue, mechanical rejuvenation, rotary cultivation, power-harrowing, grass seed production

Seed production and persistence of Carnamah and other early strains of Trifolium subterraneum in the wheatbelt of Western Australia

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Taylor ◽  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seed Yields

Seed production and persistence of the Carnamah, Northam A, Dwalganup, and Geraldton strains of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) were examined in undefoliated swards in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. The early flowering characteristic of Carnamah was not always associated with higher seed yields. Only when there was a well-defined, early finish to the growing season, or when flowering was very much earlier in Carnamah (viz., following an early 'break' to the season), did this strain clearly outyield both Northam A and Geraldton. The seed yield of Dwalganup was generally inferior to that of the other strains. Factors affecting regeneration are discussed. Under low rainfall conditions, poorer germination-regulation of Carnamah, compared with Geraldton and Northam A, would be expected to result in poorer persistence unless offset by higher seed yields in the Carnamah strain.

The evaluation of dual-purpose groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) varieties for fodder and seed production at Shika, Nigeria

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. OMOKANYE ◽  
O. S. ONIFADE ◽  
P. E. OLORUNJU ◽  
A. M. ADAMU ◽  
R. J. TANKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Forage Yields

At Shika in a subhumid environment of Nigeria, a 3-year study was carried out to select newly developed groundnut varieties for use in crop–livestock production systems. The study examined 11 groundnut varieties. Emergence time, plant stands at full emergence, forage and seed yields and yield components were examined. Whole plant samples were analysed for crude protein (CP) content. Varieties ICGV 87123 gave the lowest forage yield and cultivar M517-80I, the highest, with seven varieties recording forage yields above 5 t/ha. The CP content of forage was lowest (14·8%) for variety M576-80I and highest (21·6%) for variety M554-76. Mean seed yield (over 3 years) varied significantly from 0·73 to 1·68 t/ha. Only two varieties had mean seed yield >1 t/ha. The relationship between seed and forage yields was positive and significant (r = 0·529, P < 0·006). Varieties RMP 12, 88-80I and M517–80 were most promising for both forage and seed production.

Seed production and seed survival under grazing of annual medics (Medicago spp.) in north Syria

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Seed Survival ◽  
Medicago Rigidula ◽  
Good Guide ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Striking Contrast

SummaryThree experiments which measured seed production and seed survival of annual medics (Medicago spp.) were conducted at Tel Hadya in north Syria. In Expts 1 and 2, conducted in consecutive years, the effects of rate and date of sowing on seed yield and its components were measured, while in Expt 3, the residual seed under summer grazing was monitored. In all three experiments seed permeability was observed at frequent intervals in summer and autumn. Selected ecotypes of three native medics (Medicago rigidula (L.) All., M. rotata Boiss. and M. noeana Boiss.) were compared with cultivars of M. truncatula Gaertn. and M. polymorpha (L.).Seed production was greatest at sowing rates of 20–40 kg/ha. The native species produced more seed (up to 1000 kg/ha) than the cultivars (less than 500 kg/ha), although not significantly so in the case of the late-flowering ecotype of M. noeana. Seed yields of 500–1000 kg/ha were considered to be sufficient to perpetuate the pastures, but even higher seed yields are desirable.Seed yield was closely related to number of pods in all ecotypes and, in Expt 2, up to 95% of flowers failed to produce mature pods. Flowers were more likely to mature at high sowing rate (256 kg/ha), in striking contrast to flower production itself which was greatest at sowing rates of less than 30 kg/ha. Flowers produced early in the season (before mid-April) were far more likely to give mature pods than late-produced flowers.In late October, seeds of the native species were less permeable (10%) than those of the cultivars (30%), although their permeability was similar to that of the cultivars in Australia. In the three experiments the seasonal pattern of permeability varied, although there was a tendency for seeds to gain permeability in autumn. In Expt 1 there was a strong suggestion that the change from impermeability to permeability was reversible.Ewes grazing mature pods gained weight, apparently as long as pod availability exceeded 10 kg/ha. It was clear that the condition of ewes was not a good guide to appropriate stocking rate for persistence of pastures, and that farmers will have to use other methods to assist them in grazing management.

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