scholarly journals Agricultural concepts of roots: from morphogenetic to functional equilibrium between root and shoot growth.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van Noordwijk ◽  
P. de Willigen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Functional Equilibrium ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Over the past century, emphasis has changed towards water and nutrient uptake by root system ('functional equilibrium') from relations between root and shoot growth, ('morphogenetic equilibrium'). Separate optima for root growth and shoot growth can often be distinguished. Relatively small root systems can suffice for maximum crop production, provided the supply of water and nutrients is plentiful. Deep tillage or water-table lowering, intended to increase rooting depth, can be counterproductive for plant growth. Larger root systems may, however, withstand rapidly changing environmental conditions better, and may increase nutrient use efficiency or reduce nutrient loss. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Strategies and Programs for Improved Nutrient Use Efficiency, Doubling Farmer’s Income, and Sustainable Agriculture: Indian Context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Juttu ◽  
Kamalakar Jogula ◽  
Subhashree Priyadarshini ◽  
Sharan Bhoopal Reddy ◽  
Prasanta Kumar Patra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Since the Green Revolution era, the farming sector exploited the soils for food, fiber, fodder, etc., with high input responsive varieties that excavated vast amounts of chemical fertilizers. The burgeoning population of the country calls for a commensurate increase in food production to satisfy the demands of its inhabitants. Further, due to innovative mechanization in agriculture, specialization, and government policy programs, the productivity of food has soared. Subsequently, it ensued greater productions and minimized food prizes. Regrettably, intensive agricultural operations degraded the soil quality and now reached such a stage where without external inputs, growers unable to achieve their targeted yields. India has lost 68% innate productive capacity of agricultural soils. This plunder of land’s quality continues unabated, further resulting in low nutrient use efficiency and insufficient yields of agroecosystems. Therefore, this is high time to realize the dreadful impacts of intensive crop production on the natural ecosystem. Irrefutably, both soil and its nutrients are the wondrous gifts of nature to humankind; utilizing them sustainably is imperative. The present chapter highlights the impacts of non-judicious nutrient management on soil productivity, nutrient use efficiency, and novel technologies required to promote sustainable agriculture and achieve the target of doubling farmer’s income in India.

scholarly journals Nanofertilizers and their role in sustainable agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-255
Author(s):  
YOGENDRA KUMAR ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nano Zinc

Enhancing nutrient use efficiency (NUE) with minimal threat to environment has become critical for our agriculture food production systems (FPS) to sustain the burgeoning population. Nanotechnology with nanoscale inputs for production of nano agri-inputs (NAIPs) has emerged as an innovative solution for addressing issue of low or declining nutrient use efficiency (NUE) with minimal environment footprint. Nanotechnology is a promising field of research which has the potential to offer sustainable solutions to ever pressing challenges confronting our modern intensive agriculture. Nanotechnology employs nanomaterials which typically have small size (1–100 nm) which imparts unique characteristics and benefits. In addition to numerous other benefits, large surface area to volume ratio offers opportunity for better and effective interaction of nanoparticles to target sites. Nano-fertilizers hold potential to fulfil plant nutrition requirements along with imparting sustainability to crop production systems and that too without compromising the crops yield. Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) - the farmers’ own fertilizer cooperative has been in the forefront for promotion of agro-technologies and novel agri-inputs to mitigate problems faced by the farmers. It has indigenously innovated at its Nano Biotechnology Research Centre (NBRC) at Kalol, Gujarat and succeeded in R& D and manufacturing of proprietary nano-fertilizers viz. nano urea, nano zinc, and nano copper. These nano-fertilizers utilize the dynamics of shape, size, surface area and bio-assimilation. There efficacy was evaluated on the basis of multi-location multi-crop trials under varying crop seasons, both by the research institutes and also on the progressive farmers’ fields across 11,000 locations on 94 crops across India. Independently, nano nitrogen, nano zinc, and nano copper have also been tested for bio-efficacy- bio safety- toxicity and environment suitability. IFFCO nano-fertilizers meet alll the current national and international guidelines related to nano technology or nano scale agri-inputs.They are in sync with OECD testing guidelines (TGs) and “Guidelines for Testing of NAIPs and Food Products” released by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. Harvested produce of crops applied with IFFCO nano-Urea, nano-zinc, and nano-copper have been found fit for consumption with no adverse effect. This paper reviews the benefits of nanofertilizers (Nano N, Nano Zn and Nano Cu) towards increasing nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity and produce quality in general and the journey of IFFCO nano-fertilizers (IFFCO’s Nano Urea, Nano Zn and Nano Cu) from conception to PILOT to PLANT stage has also been covered in this paper.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY OF MAJOR NUTRIENTS: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (No 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barkha . ◽  
Ananya Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Organic Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is an important concept in the evaluation of crop production systems. With emerging nutrient deficiencies under intensive agriculture, there is a need to improve NUE. One of the approaches to enhance it is by judicious use of fertilizers (adequate rate, effective source, methods and time of application) as well as inclusion of organic manures. Organic nutrient sources are very effective but as their availability is not sufficient to meet the nutrient demand, we have to integrate both organic and inorganic sources of nutrients together in order to achieve higher NUE. Common measures of NUE include Partial Factor Productivity (PFP), Agronomic Efficiency (AE), Apparent Recovery Efficiency (RE), Physiological Efficiency (PE) and Internal Utilization Efficiency (IE). Mineral Fertilizer Equivalent (MFE) is another parameter that can be used to assess short term release of nutrients (mainly nitrogen) from organic nutrient sources

Soil nitrogen and phosphorus were greater in overlapping areas of fields in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
S.J. Crittenden ◽  
J. Fitzmaurice ◽  
M. Lewis ◽  
K. Reid ◽  
B. Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Driving Pattern ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

A total of 344 soil cores were taken in annually cropped fields of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario from 2011 to 2013 in areas where the field shapes, or obstacles within fields, required the driving pattern of farm operations to overlap. Soil nitrate-N concentrations in overlapping areas were 60% greater, soil Olsen-P concentrations were 23% greater, and pH was 0.5 units greater at 0–15 cm depth compared with non-overlapping areas, suggesting smaller nutrient use efficiency and potential for greater nutrient loss.

scholarly journals Crop production and nutrient use efficiency: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Vikram Pratap Singh Tomar ◽  
Avinash S Tomr ◽  
PS Tomar ◽  
Naresh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Deficiency of phyto-available sulphur, zinc, boron, iron, copper and manganese in soils of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar Shukla ◽  
Sanjib Kumar Behera ◽  
Chandra Prakash ◽  
Ajay Tripathi ◽  
Ashok Kumar Patra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Nutrient Use

AbstractNutrient deficiencies in soil–crop contexts and inappropriate managements are the important reasons for low crop productivity, reduced nutritional quality of agricultural produce and animal/human malnutrition, across the world. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate nutrient deficiencies of sulphur (S) and micronutrients [zinc (Zn), boron (B), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn)] in agricultural soils of India for devising effective management strategies to achieve sustainable crop production, improved nutritional quality in crops and better animal/human health. A total of 2,42,827 surface (0–15 cm depth) soil samples were collected from agriculture fields of 615 districts lying in 28 states of India and were analysed for available S and micronutrients concentration. The study was carried out under the aegis of All India Coordinated Research Project on Micro- and Secondary-Nutrients and Pollutant Elements in Soils and Plants. The mean concentrations were 27.0 ± 29.9 mg kg−1 for available S, 1.40 ± 1.60 mg kg−1 for available Zn and 1.40 ± 4.70 mg kg−1 for available B, 31.0 ± 52.2 mg kg−1 for available Fe, 2.30 ± 3.50 mg kg−1 for available Cu and 17.5 ± 21.4 mg kg−1 for available Mn. There were variable and widespread deficiencies of S and micronutrients in different states. The deficiencies (acute deficient + deficient + latent deficiency) of S (58.6% of soils), Zn (51.2% of soils) and B (44.7% of soils) were higher compared to the deficiencies of Fe (19.2% of soils), Cu (11.4% of soils) and Mn (17.4% of soils). Out of 615 districts, > 50% of soils in 101, 131 and 86 districts were deficient in available S, available Zn and available B, respectively. Whereas, > 25% of soils in 83, 5 and 41 districts had deficiencies of available Fe, available Cu and available Mn, respectively. There were occurrences of 2-nutrients deficiencies such S + Zn (9.30% of soils), Zn + B (8.70% of soils), S + B (7.00% of soils) and Zn + Fe (5.80% of soils) to a greater extent compared to the deficiencies of Zn + Mn (3.40% of soils), S + Fe (3.30% of soils), Zn + Cu (2.80% of soils) and Fe + B (2.70% of soils). Relatively lower % of soils were deficient in 3-nutrients (namely S + Zn + B, S + Zn + B and Zn + Fe + B), 4-nutrients (namely Zn + Fe + Cu + Mn) and 5-nutrients (namely Zn + Fe + Cu + Mn + B) simultaneously. The information regarding the distribution of deficiencies of S and micronutrients (both single and multi-nutrients) could be used by various stakeholders for production, supply and application of right kind of fertilizers in different districts, states and agro-ecological regions of India for better crop production, crop nutritional quality, nutrient use efficiency, soil health and for tackling human and animal malnutrition.

scholarly journals Optimizing Textile Dyeing Wastewater Irrigation through Physiochemical Attributes of Tomato, Plant Nutrient Use Efficiency and Pollution Load Index of Irrigated Soil

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahidul Hassan ◽  
Md. Mijanur Rahman Rajib ◽  
Masuma Akter ◽  
Md.Noor E Azam Khan ◽  
Shahjalal Khandakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Textile Dyeing ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Input Cost

Abstract This experiment considers the seven different stages of textile dyeing effluents on tomato crop production in order to diminish the excess effluent treatment plant (ETP) cost and farmers net input cost. Seven different stages waste water (WW) with ground water (control) were collected and analyzed for physiochemical as well as heavy metals properties. T8 (mixed effluent) crossed the limit of agricultural standard for almost all physiological parameters such as TDS, TSS, EC, BOD, COD affording the highest value. T8 also delivered the highest cl- and heavy metals like Cd, Ni, Cr followed by T4 (2nd wash after bath drain) < T7 (Fixing treatment water). As a consequence, these provided comparatively higher enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) to transform fresh soil into “severe” and “slightly to moderate” saline. Correlation matrix demonstrated that EF and PLI of heavy metals (except Cd, Ni) were negatively related to yield, while positively related to SAR and fruit abortion. Although T6 (2nd wash after soaping) performed better in respect to growth, yield, yield attributes and nutrient use efficiency, principal component analysis (PCA) expressed that T2 (2nd wash after scouring and bleaching) and T3 (enzyme treated water) also belong to T6 and T1 group (ground water). Therefore, T2, T3 and T6 could be used to vegetable crop production up to some extent and to reduce ETP and agricultural input cost.

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