Intervention protocol to improve scabies control in enclosed communities: a case report

Objectives: To describe patients with scabies in a prison setting. Document what type of treatment was carried out. Prepare an intervention protocol to improve scabies control in the Penitentiary Center. Material and method: All cases of scabies diagnosed in the Youth Detention Centre (La Roca del Vallès, Barcelona) between November 2018 and November 2019 were recorded. The treatment used was recorded. Bibliographical research on the protocols and treatment guidelines was carried out for community-acquired scabies. Results: The study was performed with 762 inmates, of whom 61 patients were diagnosed with scabies. 39 patients’ pathologies were detected at the time of admission to the center, 11 cases were diagnosed in the first 6 weeks after entering the prison, coinciding with the incubation period of the disease. Finally, 11 more were diagnosed when they had already been in prison for more than 6 weeks and therefore could be infected cases within the center. This parasitosis was detected mainly in inmates of North African origin, 14.7% of Algerian inmates and 14.2% of Moroccan inmates presented this pathology, compared to 1.6% among Spanish prisoners. All 61 patients were treated with permethrin and 8 cases had to repeat the treatment cycle due to apparent therapeutic failure. Research literature indicates that oral ivermectin should be the drug of first choice for the treatment of scabies in prison. Discussion: The high incidence of scabies cases detected in prison led us to carry out a bibliographic review that brought about changes in the treatment protocol that may be of interest for the control of the disease in closed communities.

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Memories of a French Migration Crisis

The Oxford Handbook of Migration Crises ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190856908.013.15 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 56-72

Author(s):

Laura Jeanne Sims

Keyword(s):

Algerian War ◽

African Origin ◽

North African ◽

Structural Racism ◽

Internment Camps ◽

Collective Memories ◽

War Of Independence ◽

Algerian War Of Independence ◽

Migration Crisis ◽

North African Origin

This chapter examines how the French state created a crisis through its management of the arrival and installation of the Harkis in 1962. The Harkis, Algerians of North African origin who supported the French army during the Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962), faced reprisal violence in Algeria at the end of the war and many were forced to migrate with their families to France. In response, French officials attempted to prevent the Harkis from escaping to France and placed some of those who succeeded in internment camps. Comparing the treatment of the Harkis with that of the Pieds-Noirs, the descendants of European settlers in Algeria who likewise fled to France in 1962, highlights the structural racism underlying French perceptions of and reactions to Harki migration. This chapter also explores the ways in which second-generation Harkis have constructed collective memories of the crisis and their attempts to hold the state responsible for its actions.

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A data-driven approach to a chemotherapy recommendation model based on deep learning for patients with colorectal cancer in Korea

10.21203/rs.2.21064/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jin-Hyeok Park ◽

Jeong-Heum Baek ◽

Sun Jin Sym ◽

KangYoon Lee ◽

Youngho Lee

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Decision Support ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Clinical Decision Support ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Actual Data ◽

Nccn Guidelines

Abstract Background: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) have recently attracted attention as a method for minimizing medical errors. Existing CDSSs are limited in that they do not reflect actual data. To overcome this limitation, we propose a CDSS based on deep learning. Methods: We propose the Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy Recommender (C3R), which is a deep learning-based chemotherapy recommendation model. Our model improves on existing CDSSs in which data-based decision making is not well supported. C3R is configured to study the clinical data collected at the Gachon Gil Medical Center and to recommend appropriate chemotherapy based on the data. To validate the model, we compared the treatment concordance rate with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines, a representative set of cancer treatment guidelines, and with the results of the Gachon Gil Medical Center’s Colorectal Cancer Treatment Protocol (GCCTP). Results: For the CR3 model, the treatment concordance rates with the NCCN guidelines were 70.5% for Top-1 Accuracy and 84% for Top-2 Accuracy. The treatment concordance rates with the GCCTP were 57.9% for Top-1 Accuracy and 77.8% for Top-2 Accuracy. Conclusions: This model is significant, i.e., it is the first colon cancer treatment clinical decision support system in Korea that reflects actual data. In the future, if sufficient data can be secured through cooperation among multiple organizations, more reliable results can be obtained.

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Perinatal outcomes of immigrant women of Turkish, Middle Eastern and North African origin in Berlin, Germany: a comparison of two time periods

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics ◽

10.1007/s00404-013-2986-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 289 (3) ◽

pp. 505-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jacob Spallek ◽

Jessica Lehnhardt ◽

Anna Reeske ◽

Oliver Razum ◽

Matthias David

Keyword(s):

Immigrant Women ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

African Origin ◽

North African ◽

Time Periods ◽

North African Origin

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A data-driven approach to a chemotherapy recommendation model based on deep learning for patients with colorectal cancer in Korea

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making ◽

10.1186/s12911-020-01265-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jin-Hyeok Park ◽

Jeong-Heum Baek ◽

Sun Jin Sym ◽

Kang Yoon Lee ◽

Youngho Lee

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Decision Support ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Clinical Decision Support ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Actual Data ◽

Nccn Guidelines

Abstract Background Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) have recently attracted attention as a method for minimizing medical errors. Existing CDSSs are limited in that they do not reflect actual data. To overcome this limitation, we propose a CDSS based on deep learning. Methods We propose the Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy Recommender (C3R), which is a deep learning-based chemotherapy recommendation model. Our model improves on existing CDSSs in which data-based decision making is not well supported. C3R is configured to study the clinical data collected at the Gachon Gil Medical Center and to recommend appropriate chemotherapy based on the data. To validate the model, we compared the treatment concordance rate with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines, a representative set of cancer treatment guidelines, and with the results of the Gachon Gil Medical Center’s Colorectal Cancer Treatment Protocol (GCCTP). Results For the C3R model, the treatment concordance rates with the NCCN guidelines were 70.5% for Top-1 Accuracy and 84% for Top-2 Accuracy. The treatment concordance rates with the GCCTP were 57.9% for Top-1 Accuracy and 77.8% for Top-2 Accuracy. Conclusions This model is significant, i.e., it is the first colon cancer treatment clinical decision support system in Korea that reflects actual data. In the future, if sufficient data can be secured through cooperation among multiple organizations, more reliable results can be obtained.

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Treatment of Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Canada: A Review of Treatment Protocols from Canadian Pediatric Emergency Departments

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2015.56 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 656-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Steven A Skitch ◽

Rahim Valani

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽

Cerebral Edema ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Fluid Bolus ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Maintenance Fluid ◽

Potassium Replacement

ABSTRACTObjectiveDiabetes is the most common pediatric endocrine disorder, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the leading cause of diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. This article reviews pediatric DKA treatment protocols from across Canada and identifies similarities and differences.MethodsPediatric tertiary centres in Canada were asked for a copy of their DKA treatment protocol. For each protocol, we collected information on the amount of initial fluid bolus, maintenance fluid rate, insulin infusion rate, potassium replacement, monitoring and adjustment for serum glucose, administration of bicarbonate, and treatment for cerebral edema.ResultsResponses were obtained from 13 sites. Treatment guidelines were consistent in their recommendations on timing and dosage of intravenous insulin, potassium replacement, monitoring and adjusting for serum glucose, and management of cerebral edema. Variability in treatment protocols was found chiefly in volume of initial fluid bolus (range: 5–20 mL/kg) and length of time boluses should be administered (20–120 min), maintenance fluid rates (based on weight or a 48-hr deficit), and the role of bicarbonate administration.ConclusionsThis is the first review of treatment protocols for pediatric DKA in Canada. It identified many common approaches but noted specific differences in fluid boluses, maintenance fluid rates, and bicarbonate administration. The extent of variation indicates the need for further study, as well as national guidelines that are evidence-based and consistent with best practices.

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Recurrent Herpes Gladiatorum: Should we be Screening Our Service Members Prior to Close Combat Training?

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usz317 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 185 (5-6) ◽

pp. e904-e908

Author(s):

Robert D Field ◽

Bradley M Taylor

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Treatment Guidelines ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Primary Care Providers ◽

Active Duty ◽

Care Providers ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽

Combat Training ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Hsv 1

Abstract A 19-year-old active duty Marine presented to clinic with a history of a reoccurring vesicular rash on left side of his forehead. The lesion was cultured and identified as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Herpes gladiatorum is a recurrent cutaneous infection caused by HSV-1 and spread by skin-to-skin contact. Serious complications have been reported, including blindness from acute retinal necrosis. Outbreaks of herpes gladiatorum have been observed in the high school and collegiate wrestling community for years and to prevent the spread, screening, and treatment guidelines have been implemented by governing bodies of these organizations. Active duty members who participate in the Marine Corps Martial Arts Program and the Army and US Air Force Combatives programs are exposed to similar conditions; however, no uniform screening or treatment protocol exists. To minimize the spread of skin infections, we propose adopting a uniform screening procedure and implementing a standardized form to assist primary care providers in the evaluation and treatment of herpes gladiatorum and other communicable skin diseases commonly seen in close combat training.

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The demography of the Canary Islands from a genetic perspective

Human Molecular Genetics ◽

10.1093/hmg/ddaa262 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rosa Fregel ◽

Alejandra C Ordóñez ◽

Javier G Serrano

Keyword(s):

Canary Islands ◽

Demographic History ◽

American Continent ◽

North African ◽

European Colonization ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time ◽

Canarian Archipelago ◽

North African Origin

Abstract The establishment of European colonies across the world had important demographic consequences because it brought together diverse and distant civilizations for the first time. One clear example of this phenomenon is observed in the Canary Islands. The modern Canarian population is mainly the result of the admixture of natives of North African origin and European colonizers. However, additional migratory flows reached the islands due to the importation of enslaved Africans to cultivate sugarcane and the intense commercial contact with the American continent. In this review, we evaluate how the genetic analysis of indigenous, historical, and current populations has provided a glimpse into the Canary Islands’ complex genetic composition. We show that each island subpopulation’s characterization is needed to fully disentangle the demographic history of the Canarian archipelago. Finally, we discuss what research avenues remain to be explored to improve our knowledge of the impact that the European colonization had on its native population.

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