The demography of the Canary Islands from a genetic perspective

Human Molecular Genetics ◽

10.1093/hmg/ddaa262 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rosa Fregel ◽

Alejandra C Ordóñez ◽

Javier G Serrano

Keyword(s):

Canary Islands ◽

Demographic History ◽

American Continent ◽

North African ◽

European Colonization ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time ◽

Canarian Archipelago ◽

North African Origin

Abstract The establishment of European colonies across the world had important demographic consequences because it brought together diverse and distant civilizations for the first time. One clear example of this phenomenon is observed in the Canary Islands. The modern Canarian population is mainly the result of the admixture of natives of North African origin and European colonizers. However, additional migratory flows reached the islands due to the importation of enslaved Africans to cultivate sugarcane and the intense commercial contact with the American continent. In this review, we evaluate how the genetic analysis of indigenous, historical, and current populations has provided a glimpse into the Canary Islands’ complex genetic composition. We show that each island subpopulation’s characterization is needed to fully disentangle the demographic history of the Canarian archipelago. Finally, we discuss what research avenues remain to be explored to improve our knowledge of the impact that the European colonization had on its native population.

The Strait of Magellan—a Gateway to New Worlds

10.1093/acrefore/9780199366439.013.995 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mauricio Onetto Pavez

Keyword(s):

Global Scale ◽

Modern World ◽

American Continent ◽

The Earth ◽

Starting Point ◽

Strait Of Magellan ◽

The World ◽

The Strait Of Magellan ◽

History Of ◽

First Time

The year 2020 marks the five hundredth anniversary of the “discovery” of the Strait of Magellan. The unveiling of this passage between 1519 and 1522 allowed the planet to be circumnavigated for the first time in the history of humanity. All maritime routes could now be connected, and the idea of the Earth, in its geographical, cosmographic, and philosophical dimensions, gained its definitive meaning. This discovery can be considered one of the founding events of the modern world and of the process of globalization that still continues today. This new connectivity awoke an immediate interest in Europe that led to the emergence of a political consciousness of possession, domination, and territorial occupation generalized on a global scale, and the American continent was the starting point for this. This consciousness also inspired a desire for knowledge about this new form of inhabiting the world. Various fields of knowledge were redefined thanks to the new spaces and measurements produced by the discovery of the southern part of the Americas, which was recorded in books on cosmography, natural history, cartography, and manuscripts, circulating mainly between the Americas and Europe. All these processes transformed the Strait of Magellan into a geopolitical space coveted by Europeans during the 16th century. As an interoceanic connector, it was used to imagine commercial routes to the Orient and political projects that could sustain these dynamics. It was also conceived as a space to speculate on the potential wealth in the extreme south of the continent. In addition, on the Spanish side, some agents of the Crown considered it a strategic place for imperial projections and the defense of the Americas.

Plan de las Mujeres: marco conceptual y metodología para el Buen Vivir

Bolivian Studies Journal/Revista de Estudios Bolivianos ◽

10.5195/bsj.2010.9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 191-210

Author(s):

Julieta Paredes

Keyword(s):

Direct Action ◽

Public Policies ◽

Buen Vivir ◽

Social Organizations ◽

Conceptual Frame ◽

History Of ◽

Neoliberal Policies ◽

Las Mujeres ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

This article analyzes the impact that neoliberal policies have on women and sets out the epistemological fracture that communitarian feminism produces in Western feminism. We discuss the circumstances in which, for the first time in the history of Bolivian public policies for women, a Plan de las Mujeres emerges from within women’s social organizations. This article also offers the conceptual frame that guides such a Plan, which relies on five categories or fields of direct action that help us in defending ourselves from a market that has put our very lives on sale. These categories are our bodies, our space, our time, our memory, and the movements that we are able to articulate.Este trabajo analiza el impacto de las políticas neoliberales en la vida de las mujeres y expone el rompimiento epistemológico que el feminismo comunitario produce en el feminismo occidental. Se discuten las circunstancias en las que, por primera vez en la historia de las políticas públicas para las mujeres en Bolivia, surge un Plan desde la base y las experiencias de las organizaciones sociales de mujeres. El trabajo presenta el marco conceptual que orienta este Plan de las Mujeres y que descansa en cinco categorías o campos de acción directa que nos ayudan a defendernos de un mercado que puso en venta nuestras propias vidas. Estas categorías son: nuestros cuerpos, nuestro espacio, nuestro tiempo, nuestra memoria y los movimientos que articulamos.

Ivan Kavaleridze`s dramaturgy on the Sumy stage

SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL ◽

10.21272/shaj.2021.i36.p.37 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

D.V. Budianskyi

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Musical Comedy ◽

Historical Figures ◽

Wide Range ◽

Socialist Realist ◽

History Of ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Old Men ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

The characteristic features of I. Kavaleridze’s drama is considered in the article. It is noted that there are signs of the artist’s individuality, attraction to expressionist forms, artistic techniques characteristic for the art of sculpture: symbolism, monumentality, hyperbole. I. Kavaleridze was well versed in the drama laws, understood the specifics of the stage events construction, had a large arsenal of literary means, thanks to which the characters’ monologues and dialogues were extremely expressive and colorful. In his work, he implemented original solutions that were ahead of time. Therefore, many of the artist’s ideas and achievements received due recognition only after his death. I. Kavaleridze’s creative heritage covers a wide range of both purely artistic and general philosophical problems. Among them the formation of the era of modernism and its features in the Ukrainian art of the early XX century, the impact of revolutionary ideas on the work of the 1920s, the role of spiritual leaders of the Ukrainian people T. Shevchenko and G. Skovoroda in the formation of national consciousness, political and ideological pressure on figurative art language and the formation of a socialist-realist canon, etc. The analysis of the productions of I. Kavalerizde’s plays “The First Furrow” and “Gregory and Paraskeva” on the stage of the Mykhailo Shchepkin Sumy Theater of Drama and Musical Comedy in 1970-1972. The article notes that these plays were staged in Sumy for the first time in the history of Ukrainian theater. The premiere of “The First Furrow” (the play was called “Old Men”) took place on March 19, 1970. The figure of the national genius Hryhoriy Skov oroda was als o embodied for the first time on t he stage in Sumy in th e play “Hryhoriy and Paraskeva”. It premiered on October 21, 1972. I. Rybchynsky, Honored Artist of the USSR, performed the production. Creating generalized historical outlines of people’s life, features of life at that time, depicting psychological portraits of people in various, sometimes-dramatic collisions, in the productions of I. Kavaleridze’s plays on the Sumy stage the emphasis was on universal values such as virtue, love. The main character was the Ukrainian people, who nurtured such large-scale historical figures, gave them strength and wisdom for great achievements. Based on publications in periodicals of that time, memoirs of Ukrainian directors, the peculiarities of the director’s interpretation, stenographic and musical design of these plays on the Sumy stage are considered. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of acting works in I. Kavaleridze’s plays. In particular, the peculiarities of the actor’s embodiment of the image of the national genius Hryhoriy Skovoroda on the stage are presented. It is noted that I. Kavaleridze’s plays, created in a difficult political, social and ideological context, are rightly considered to be highly artistic works of Ukrainian drama. Their staging was carried out on various theatrical stages, including Mykhailo Shchepkin Sumy Theater of Drama and Musical Comedy is an important page of national theatrical art.

Oxygen isotopic ratios in Martian water vapour observed by ACS MIR on board the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/201936234 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 630 ◽

pp. A91 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Alday ◽

C. F. Wilson ◽

P. G. J. Irwin ◽

K. S. Olsen ◽

L. Baggio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapour ◽

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Trace Gas ◽

Oxygen Isotope Ratios ◽

Infrared Measurements ◽

History Of ◽

Oxygen Isotopic ◽

Atmospheric Loss ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

Oxygen isotope ratios provide important constraints on the history of the Martian volatile system, revealing the impact of several processes that might fractionate them, such as atmospheric loss into space or interaction with the surface. We report infrared measurements of the Martian atmosphere obtained with the mid-infrared channel (MIR) of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS), onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. Absorption lines of the three main oxygen isotopologues of water vapour (H216O, H218O, and H217O) observed in the transmission spectra allow, for the first time, the measurement of vertical profiles of the 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios in atmospheric water vapour. The observed ratios are enriched with respect to Earth-like values (δ18O = 200 ± 80‰ and δ17O = 230 ± 110‰ corresponding to the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water). The vertical structure of these ratios does not appear to show significant evidence of altitudinal variations.

An Introduction to Nicos Hadjinicolaou's “Art Centers and Peripheral Art” (1982)

ARTMargins ◽

10.1162/artm_a_00266 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 112-118

Author(s):

Terry Smith

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Political Art ◽

Book Art ◽

Hard Edge ◽

War Of Independence ◽

History Of ◽

The 1960S ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

Change in the history of art has many causes, but one often overlooked by art historical institutions is the complex, unequal set of relationships that subsist between art centers and peripheries. These take many forms, from powerful penetration of peripheral art by the subjects, styles and modes of the relevant center, through accommodation to this penetration to various degrees and kinds of resistance to it. Mapping these relationships should be a major task for art historians, especially those committed to tracing the reception of works of art and the dissemination of ideas about art. This lecture, delivered by Nicos Hadjinicolaou in 1982, outlines a “political art geography” approach to these challenges, and demonstrates it by exploring four settings: the commissioning of paintings commemorating key battles during the Greek War of Independence; the changes in Diego Rivera's style on his return to Mexico from Paris in the 1920s; the impact on certain Mexican artists in the 1960s of “hard edge” painting from the United States; and the differences between Socialist Realism in Moscow and in the Soviet Republics of Asia during the mid-twentieth century. The lecture is here translated into English for the first time and is introduced by Terry Smith, who relates it to its author's long-term art historical quest, as previously pursued in his book Art History and Class Struggle (1973).

The genomic impact of European colonization of the Americas

10.1101/676437 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Linda Ongaro ◽

Marilia O. Scliar ◽

Rodrigo Flores ◽

Alessandro Raveane ◽

Davide Marnetto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Demographic History ◽

Colonial Era ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

European Colonization ◽

High Degree ◽

The Impact ◽

North And South America ◽

North And South

AbstractThe human genetic diversity of the Americas has been shaped by several events of gene flow that have continued since the Colonial Era and the Atlantic slave trade. Moreover, multiple waves of migration followed by local admixture occurred in the last two centuries, the impact of which has been largely unexplored.Here we compiled a genome-wide dataset of ∼12,000 individuals from twelve American countries and ∼6,000 individuals from worldwide populations and applied haplotype-based methods to investigate how historical movements from outside the New World affected i) the genetic structure, ii) the admixture profile, iii) the demographic history and iv) sex-biased gene-flow dynamics, of the Americas.We revealed a high degree of complexity underlying the genetic contribution of European and African populations in North and South America, from both geographic and temporal perspectives, identifying previously unreported sources related to Italy, the Middle East and to specific regions of Africa.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection: New Molecular, Phylogenetic, and Pathogenetic Insights. Efficacy of Current Vaccines and the Potential Risk of Variants

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13091687 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1687 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John Charles Rotondo ◽

Fernanda Martini ◽

Martina Maritati ◽

Chiara Mazziotta ◽

Giulia Di Mauro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Vector ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

History Of ◽

One Year ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly discovered coronavirus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 has rapidly become a public health emergency of international concern. Although remarkable scientific achievements have been reached since the beginning of the pandemic, the knowledge behind this novel coronavirus, in terms of molecular and pathogenic characteristics and zoonotic potential, is still relatively limited. Today, there is a vaccine, or rather several vaccines, which, for the first time in the history of highly contagious infectious diseases that have plagued mankind, has been manufactured in just one year. Currently, four vaccines are licensed by regulatory agencies, and they use RNA or viral vector technologies. The positive effects of the vaccination campaign are being felt in many parts of the world, but the disappearance of this new infection is still far from being a reality, as it is also threatened by the presence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants that could undermine the effectiveness of the vaccine, hampering the immunization control efforts. Indeed, the current findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 is adapting to transmission in humans more efficiently, while further divergence from the initial archetype should be considered. In this review, we aimed to provide a collection of the current knowledge regarding the molecular, phylogenetic, and pathogenetic insights into SARS-CoV-2. The most recent findings obtained with respect to the impact of novel emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as the development and implementation of vaccines are highlighted.

GASTRONOMIC TOURISM AS A WAY TO ATTRACT ATTENTION TO A TOURIST DESTINATION

Central Asian Economic Review ◽

10.52821/2224-5561-2021-1-73-83 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 73-83

Author(s):

B. I. Aktymbaeva ◽

T. V. Trifonova

Keyword(s):

Original Work ◽

Theoretical Research ◽

Tourist Destination ◽

Tourist Destinations ◽

History Of ◽

Historical Comparative ◽

Destination Brand ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

This article examines the main aspects of gastronomic tourism as a modern type of tourism. This work also tells about the history of gastronomic travel. Analyzed the main problems and prospects for the development of gastronomic tourism, as a way to attract the attention of tourists to tourist destinations in Kazakhstan. The role of this type of tourism in the formation of a tourist destination brand is revealed. The analysis of the development of gastronomic tourism in various countries is carried out and its contribution to the development of tourist destinations in these countries is evaluated.Purpose: to study the influence of gastronomic tourism on the development of a tourist destination, based on the experience of different countriesMethodology: theoretical research of information on a given topic, historical, comparative, analysis of literature on a selected topic, questioning.Originality / value of the research: this research was compiled by the author for the first time and is completely original workFindings: this research has proven the impact of gastronomic tourism on the development of a tourist destination and attracting attention to it. Recommendations have been developed for the creation and implementation of gastronomic tours to countries with potential for the development of this type of tourism.

Demographic history of Canary Islands male gene-pool: replacement of native lineages by European

BMC Evolutionary Biology ◽

10.1186/1471-2148-9-181 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 181 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Rosa Fregel ◽

Verónica Gomes ◽

Leonor Gusmão ◽

Ana M González ◽

Vicente M Cabrera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Canary Islands ◽

Gene Pool ◽

Demographic History ◽

History Of ◽

Male Gene

Protecting Quaternary palaeoenvironmental sites in south-east Arabia: a database approach

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12127 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kenta Sayama ◽

Ash Parton ◽

Heather Viles

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Human Populations ◽

Educational Values ◽

Potential Threat ◽

History Of ◽

The Rich ◽

Imminent Threat ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

Quaternary palaeoenvironmental archives are essential for our understanding of past climate changes and humanity&#8217;s response to them. In the age of anthropogenic climate change, these sites are not only important scientifically, but also educationally to teach people about the impact of climate change, and the role it played in shaping past communities.&#160;The landscape of the Arabian Peninsula is highly reactive to even subtle changes in climate and recent research has shown that palaeoenvironmental archives in south-east Arabia (i.e., dunes, fluvial/alluvial and palaeolake deposits, etc.) are crucial for our understanding of the role of climate change in the late-Pleistocene dispersal of early human populations out of Africa. The importance of archaeological sites in this region is increasingly recognised, with many sites benefitting from extensive research and conservation. Similarly, the rich geological history of the region has either been catalogued or protected with integration into national tourism strategies. Despite the the budding initiative of geoheritage conservation in Arabia, however, the protection of Quaternary palaeoenvironmental sites has been entirely disregarded.With the lack of a protection framework and the continuous economic development of the region, many of these archives are under imminent threat or already destroyed. At present, no assessment has been conducted to examine the possible extent of such loss. Here we propose that a system must be established for scientists to record and highlight the potential threat of destruction of these irreplaceable archives. &#160;Also, to protect these sites effectively, we must develop a conservation strategy with an understanding of the factors that differentiate them from geoheritage sites that already enjoy protection.For the first time, this study has compiled a database of Quaternary palaeoenvironmental archives in south-east Arabia. A total of ~300 sites in the entire region have been assessed for their risk status, with ~100 sites in the UAE assessed additionally for their scientific and educational values. Preliminary results indicate that more than 10% of sites, mostly in urban or coastal settings, have been destroyed or are under imminent threat.&#160; Furthermore, the prevailing prioritisation of conventional aesthetic values in geoheritage conservation has been identified as a major obstacle in promoting the conservation of these sites.&#160;