scholarly journals ‘Velvet Triangles’ in Women, Peace and Security Agenda in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Nur Azizah ◽  
Muhammad Ammar Hidayahtulloh ◽  
Lintang Cahya Perwita ◽  
Ali Maksum
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Triangular Network ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security (WPS Agenda) has been recognized as a landmark in the history of global efforts to maintain international peace and security by centering women on the agenda. Indonesia has shown its commitment to WPS Agenda by adopting its first National Action Plan (NAP) in 2014. On top of that, Indonesia is also committed to increasing the number of female peacekeepers in the UN peacekeeping missions. This research aims to examine how WPS Agenda as a global normative framework diffuses and is internalized in Indonesia. This research employed a feminist institutionalist approach and a qualitative method. Using the concept of ‘velvet triangles’ by Alison Woodward (2004) as our theoretical framework, we argue that the triangular network of velvet actors—consisting of feminist bureaucrats, civil society organizations’ activists, and gender experts—plays a critical role in making a considerably important space for the diffusion of WPS Agenda within Indonesia’s domestic politics and foreign policy debates. In concluding the article, we propose two considerations taking into account the formal and informal arrangement of the velvet constellation and the transnational scale of the network’s actors to provide a more nuanced conceptual definition of velvet triangles.

Donor States Delivering on WPS

2018 ◽  
pp. 515-527
Author(s):  
Inger Skjelsbæk ◽  
Torunn L. Tryggestad
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The World ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Donor States ◽  
Policy And Planning

In 2006 Norway became the second country in the world to adopt a national action plan on the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325. Yet, Norway’s role as norm entrepreneur on Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) dates back to the mid-1990s and efforts at mainstreaming gender in UN peacekeeping policy and planning. Over the past decades Norway has provided considerable financial support to the UN system and civil society organizations involved in implementing the WPS agenda. Internationally Norway is often perceived as an altruistic actor when it comes to promoting normative agendas such as WPS. As this chapter demonstrates, however, by exercising normative power in the WPS issues area, Norway has been able to reinforce its standing in the international community of states and has been given a platform for addressing more pressing issues of national interest.

The Involvement of UN in Palestine and the Possibility of a Global Protection Force

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Kainat Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

The United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions are mandated to help nations torn by conflict and create conditions for sustainable peace. These peacekeeping operations hold legitimacy under international law and the ability to deploy troops to advance multidimensional domains. Peacekeeping operations are called upon to maintain peace and security, promote human rights, assist in restoring the rule of law, and help conflict-prone areas create conditions for sustainable peace ("What is Peacekeeping", n.d.). These missions are formed and mandated according to individual cases. The evolution of the global security environment and developing situations in conflictridden areas requires these missions to transform from 'traditional' to 'robust' to 'hybrid', accordingly (e.g., Ishaque, 2021). So why is it that no such model can be seen in restoring peace and protection of Palestinian civilians in one of the most protracted and deadly conflicts in history?

Delivering WPS Protection in All Female Peacekeeping Force

2018 ◽  
pp. 450-460
Author(s):  
Sabrina M. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

The UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) has been touted as one of the most successful UN Missions when it comes to providing peace, but also when it comes to gender equality. The mission was home to the first all-female–formed police unit and was one of the first to incorporate gender in its peacekeeping mandates. As such, it stands out as an example for other missions. Upon closer inspection, however, UNMIL still suffers from many challenges associated with implementing gender balancing and gender mainstreaming. This chapter explores the mission’s successes in increasing participation among female peacekeepers, as well as the protection roles that female peacekeepers occupied. It also highlights some of the existing challenges that UNMIL and other peacekeeping missions more broadly must overcome to better achieve the goals of the women, peace, and security agenda. While, UNMIL’s mandate noted the importance of WPS, female peacekeepers experienced restrictions to their mobility and interactions with locals that may have prevented them from reaching their full potential in providing protection and preventing violence.

scholarly journals Evaluating Peace Support Operations to Enhance International Policy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noreen Towle
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Organization ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Complex Emergency ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization created from the express consent of states and established upon a multilateral international treaty between those states in order to perform the functions of promoting international peace and security, aid in the development of international relations, promote human rights, and aid in “harmonizing actions” between nations. The most ardent of these functions falls to the UN Security Council due to its responsibility for maintaining peace and security. UN peacekeeping missions were originally an alternative to collective security but they have evolved into Peace Support Operations (PSO) and are deployed with a strategy and mission in mind that will coordinate the multitude of organizations joining in to support the society undergoing a complex emergency. Evaluations of PSOs is imperative in order to effectively provide policy makers with the knowledge necessary to improve strategy and resource allocation for future PSOs.

The Department of State

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-296
Author(s):  
Joana Cook
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Lead Agency ◽  
National Action Plan ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
The Us ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

This chapter is one of three which examines a key U.S. department or agency which played a fundamental role in an 'all-of-government' approach to countering terrorism. The US Department of State is the designated lead agency on all foreign policy matters. This chapter looks at democracy promotion in the GWOT and the rights and empowerment of women to challenge extremism. It highlights increasing efforts in State to consider and integrate women into its counterterrorism strategy, and broader initiatives such as the Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI), Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review, and the National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security. It highlights the growth CVE initiatives, as well as how State had to increasingly respond to sexual and gender-based violence committed by terrorist groups. Finally it considers how key discourses emphasized in State around women's rights and victimhood were also being utilized by terrorist groups.

Women Controlling Arms, Building Peace

2018 ◽  
pp. 539-552
Author(s):  
Jasmin Nario-Galace
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Arms Control ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Peace Agreements ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Gun proliferation and violence is an issue of concern in the Philippines. Rape and other forms of sexual and gender-based violence often occur at gunpoint. This chapter explores the benefits of linking arms control and the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agendas. Drawing on data sourced from the author’s experience in formulating and implementing the NAP, this chapter suggests that integrating arms control in the National Action Plan (NAP) on WPS helps strengthen lobbying for engendered arms-related policies. Moreover, it argues that acknowledging the importance of arms control in the NAP secures resources and enables women in armed conflict areas to share knowledge on issues such as conflict prevention and conflict resolution. Finally, this chapter concludes that linking arms control and WPS agendas creates a dialogue between women and gun wielders in areas with high rates of gun violence and revitalizes the call to peace negotiators to integrate arms control in peace agreements.

Transforming Zones of Exclusion to Zones of Inclusion? Local-Level UN Peacekeeping Deployments and Educational Attainment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce W Reeder ◽  
Marc S Polizzi
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Exact Matching ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

Abstract Higher educational attainment levels are associated with better public health outcomes, lower levels of income inequality, more participation in democratic instructions, and safer communities. Promoting education in war-torn societies can have an immediate impact in mitigating violence and play a significant role in preventing conflict recurrence. This study investigates UN peacekeeping missions’ role in this process, positing that UN deployments to locations experiencing armed conflict lead to higher levels of educational attainment by increasing local stability, incentivizing individuals to return to school while also making renewed investment worthwhile. Testing this logic using new data on local-level educational attainment across Africa from 2000 to 2014, this study finds that conflict zones where the UN maintained peacekeeping deployments saw an increase in educational attainment when compared to those that did not, a finding corroborated by coarsened exact matching. Maintaining a modest number of UN forces is shown to increase female attainment by at least 4.89 percent and reduce gender disparity by 5.13 percent, revealing the critical role UN peacekeeping plays in restoring education in the shadow of political violence.

scholarly journals The role of women in security Indonesian women peacekeepers in the UNIFIL: Challenges and opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Rany Purnama Hadi ◽  
Sartika Soesilowati
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Police Personnel ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions ◽  
War Victims

Following Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000), the United Nations arranged mandates on women, peace and security (WPS) in order to address the equality between men and women, in order to allow them to actively participate in managing world security and peace. The purpose of this mandate was to give women the same opportunities, protection, access to resources and services, as well as right to participation in decision-making, as an attempt to achieve and sustain peace and security. In 2014, women constituted 3% of the UN’s military personnel and 10% of the police personnel out of the total number of UN peacekeepers from 123 countries, including Indonesia. In Lebanon, one of the areas focused on by UN peacekeeping missions, Indonesia currently deploys the largest peacekeeping personnel of up to 1,296 individuals, of which 24 are women. This number constitutes 5% of Indonesia’s total peacekeepers on the UN’s mission. Using the qualitative approach method through collecting secondary data, this paper aims to examine the participation of Indonesian women peacekeepers, particularly in UNIFIL, in relation to helping, protecting and supporting women and girls as the victims of war based on the feminist point of view. It was found that Indonesian women peacekeepers provide a tremendous contribution to the effectiveness of the UN’s peacekeeping operations. Women can provide softer approaches toward war victims and help to promote peace in the region. This shows that women still have not had much opportunity to prove their abilities in battle. Therefore, improvement is needed in order to increase the Indonesian women’s peacekeeper role in peacekeeping operations.

scholarly journals Does the UN Need a Military Capability for World Peace and Security?

Federalism-E ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Anton Trachuk
Keyword(s):  
World Peace ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Intergovernmental Organization ◽  
Suez Crisis ◽  
Military Capability ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
The World ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

The essay considers whether a non-partisan Intergovernmental Organization (IGO) with standing military capability would be an effective way to address some of the recurring problems of recent UN peacekeeping missions and whether such an IGO would be an effective tool to bring the world a step closer to global security and peace.  In considering this question the essay looks at UN military missions in the Suez Crisis, Haiti, Rwanda and Bosnia,  examines whether they were successes or failures and why and considers (in the case of Rwanda and Bosnia) what happens when a UN mission’s purpose is not mirrored in its Rules of Engagement.

Unexpected Grey Areas, Innuendo and Webs of Complicity: Experiences of Researching Sexual Exploitation in UN Peacekeeping Missions

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
Henri Myrttinen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

This chapter discusses the problems of conducting research on sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) and sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in conflict-affected situations in relation to peacekeeping operations (PKOs). It focuses on some of the murkiness and dilemmas, gaps, methodological issues, and ethical challenges that Henri Myrttinen encountered in conducting research on SEA/SGBV. It also points out methodological challenges of conducting research on SEA/SGBV issues, particularly on dealing with unverifiable data and the risks of collusion with interlocutors. The chapter draws on Myrttinen's comparative study on the gendered impacts of peacekeeping in Cambodia and Timor-Leste. It also examines some of the grey areas related to the theoretically black-and-white issue of SEA in PKOs.

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