scholarly journals Analisis Lapisan Hard Chrome dengan Heat Treatment terhadap Kekerasan dan Struktur Mikro pada Permukaan Baja Karbon S45C

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Hari Priyambodo ◽  
Margono Margono ◽  
Kacuk Cikal Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Hard Chrome ◽  
Chrome Layer

Generally, metals are easy to wear, so material modification is needed to increase hardness to increase the material's resistance to wear and tear. One way is to do a hard chrome plating process using the electroplating method and then continue the heat treatment process. This research was conducted to observe changes in the mechanical properties and microstructure of S45C steel that underwent hard chrome and heat treatment processes. This research was conducted by inserting S45C steel as a cathode into hard chrome liquid and using lead (Pb) as the anode. A positive (+) current powers the anode, the cathode has a negative current (-), the voltage used is 12 V with a duration of 60 minutes. After the cathode was coated with hard chrome, a hardness test was carried out, then continued with the heat treatment process using a temperature of 850°C for 30 minutes. The hardness test results show an increase in the hardness of S45C steel that has been coated with hard chrome, with a hardness value of S45C steel 202.70 VHN, S45C hard chrome steel 998.63 VHN. The highest hardness value is S45C steel coated with hard chrome 998.63 VHN, increasing 392.7%. Then the heat treatment process experienced a decrease in the hardness value, 528.90 VHN, with a percentage of 88.81%. The results of the microstructure observation showed that the hard chrome layer that had been heated treated showed even cracks in the hard chrome layer.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT MEKANIS DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO PROSES AUSTEMPER PADA BAJA KARBON S 45 C DAN S 60 C

POROS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Lim Richie Stifler ◽  
Sobron Yamin Lubis ◽  
Erwin Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
C Value ◽  
Austempering Temperature

Abstract: Steel is an iron-carbon alloys containing concentrations of other alloys having a different composition and treatment materials, steel properties can be changed by heat treatment. The heat treatment process serves to increase the strength of a steel material. The nature of the material can be turned into a more robust and resilient heat treatment process, if done properly and correctly. Austempering process is just one example of the heat treatment process at steel that aims to improve the mechanical properties of the steel S 45 C and S 60 C. austempering process performed on the steel S 45 C and S 60 C aims to increase the hardness and toughness of the steel. Austempering process is done by austenisasi advance with temperature 8500C and held for 60 minutes, after which the process is carried out with 3 election austempering temperature of 3500C, 4500C, 5500C and held for 30 minutes. The method used to test the results of austempering is tensile testing using ASTM A370- 12a, Vickers hardness test and microstructure observation using a digital microscope. In the test results tensile steel S 45 C and S 60 C values obtained an increase in ductility and toughness of 17.1 % on steel S 45 C and 17 % on steel S 60 C. This value is obtained from the calculation of ultimate tensile strength test specimens that have not been in austempering process with a specimen that has been in the process of austempering at 3500C , and the results of testing hardness of the steel S 45 C and S 60 C obtained hardness value of 44% increase in steel S 45 C and 46 % on steel S 60 C. value this is obtained from the calculation of the average value of the test specimen is not in the process of austempering with a specimen that has been in the process of austempering at 3500C . 

EFFECT ON HARDNESS and MICRO STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF TOOL STEEL AFTER HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karanbir Singh ◽  
Aditya Chhabra ◽  
Vaibhav Kapoor ◽  
Vaibhav Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
En 31

This study is conducted to analyze the effect on the Hardness and Micro Structural Behaviour of three Sample Grades of Tool Steel i.e. EN-31, EN-8, and D3 after Heat Treatment Processes Such As Annealing, Normalizing, and Hardening and Tempering. The purpose of Selecting Tool Steel is Because Tool Steel is Mostly Used in the Manufacturing Industry.This study is based upon the empirical study which means it is derived from experiment and observation rather than theory.

Failure Analysis on a Counterweight Assembly of an Aeroengine

2011 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
Hai Jun Tang ◽  
Hong Yu Yao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Structure Strength ◽  
Crucial Part

The paper presents a failure analysis on a counterweight assembly installed on crank shaft which resulted in an in-flight shutdown of a piston aeroengine. The counterweight assembly failure includes counterweight block material loss and fractured washer which is the most crucial part for in-flight shutdown in this type of aeroengine. Macro observation, fractography analysis, metallography analysis and hardness test were conducted on the failed counterweight assembly. The result shows that failure mechanism of counterweight block and washer is fatigue. The washer failure is likely due to inappropriate heat treatment process and continuous impact in flight by slightly tilted roller. Counterweight material loss is attributed to stress concentration, low structure strength and impact came from the tilted roller. Finally some safety suggestion on design and maintenance is given.

Research on Hot-Work Die Steel Used for Extrusion Wheel

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 1611-1617
Author(s):  
Sheng Feng Wang ◽  
Hong Yu Liu ◽  
Peng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Fatigue ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
Die Steels ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Hot Work Die

A set of new nitrogen-containing hot work die steels were designed. The best experimental steels and their heat treatment processes were optimized by microstructures, mechanical properties and thermal fatigue tests. The results show that the best compositions of V, Cr, N are 1.0 wt％, 3.75 wt％ and 0.01 wt％, respectively. The optimized heat treatment process is that quenching at 1080°C, first tempering at 550°C and second tempering at 530°C.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TEMPERATUR ANELING TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN KEKUATAN PIPA TEMBAGA AC BEKAS

INFO-TEKNIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
R. N. Akhsanu Takwim ◽  
Kris Witono ◽  
Pondi Udianto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Proportional Limit ◽  
Limit Stress ◽  
Proportional Limit Stress

During the installation process, copper pipes for air conditioning will experience a very large deformation due to straightening and bending following the installation path. Hardening strains occur that result in changes in mechanical properties in this case decreases ductility making it difficult to do the connecting process with flaring. Studies need to be carried out to restore the mechanical properties of copper pipes that have been used, including the heat treatment process on copper pipes, so that used copper pipes have a better benefit value than having to be recycled. The temperature of the heat treatment is varied from 400oC, 500 oC and 600 oC. Tensile test results show that at annealed temperature of 400 oC has the highest tensile strength of 125.81 N / mm2 and proportional limit stress of 40.52 N / mm2. Whereas in the microhardness test, the highest hardness occurs also at annealed temperature of 400 oC which is equal to 50.8 HV.

The Effect of FGD Gypsum Heat Treatment Process on Properties of Cement

2013 ◽  
Vol 422 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Zhi Yong Yang ◽  
Song Zhao ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Zeng Chan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Fgd Gypsum ◽  
Treatment Processes

To clarify the utilization of flue gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum as the retarder of cementbased materials,the effect of the properties of the slag cement with different tempemtuIe treatment of FGD gypsum was studied. The results reveal that in the case of adding the same amount, the setting time of cement shortened with the increasing of heat treatment temperature of FGD gypsum. The influence of different heat treatment processes on the strength of cements was not obvious and the strength development was good. The water consumption of normal consistency for cements changed slightly. Stability was qualified.

scholarly journals Pengaruh jarak nozzle penyemprot terhadap kemampukerasan baja komersil dengan metode jominy test

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Yusuf ◽  
Asep Ruchiyat ◽  
Muh Anhar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Jominy Test ◽  
Specimen Number

Steel is the material most widely used in the industry. To avoid wear and tear on steel, it is necessary to do heat treatment to improve the mechanical properties of the steel according to its application in the field. The increase in hardenability in metals can be determined by doing a hardenability test, namely the Jominy test method. The Jominy test is a method to determine the hardness value of metal using ASTM standards. This research was conducted with varying the distance of the nozzle of the sprayer to the lower end of the specimen, namely 10 mm, 12.5 mm, and 14 mm with a long spraying time of 15 minutes. The heat treatment process at temperature of 780oC and 90 minutes holding time. The averagehardness value of specimen number one (10 mm spraying distance) is 45.43 kgf, specimen number two (12.5 mm spraying distance) is 45.68 kgf, and specimen number three (14 mm spraying distance) is 44.31 kgf. The highest hardness value was specimen number two, there was an increase of 1.87 kgf (4.02%), according to ASTM standards where the spraying distance was 12.5 mm.Keywords: Steel, spraying distance, Jominy test.

scholarly journals Software for calculating the actual lethality of canned food heat treatment processes: development and application

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 13002
Author(s):  
Alexander Zhuk ◽  
Alexander Stolyanov ◽  
Alexander Kaychenov ◽  
Lyudmila Kuranova ◽  
Vladimir Grokhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
Canned Foods ◽  
Selection For

The actual lethal effect is traditionally determined by calculating the sum of the lethality rates, given in the reference literature. However, to calculate the heat treatment process F-effect for development new sterilization and pasteurization regimes of canned foods, it becomes necessary to vary the parameters of the base temperature and heat resistance characteristic value of the microorganism test culture. To automate the process of computing, the authors developed the software «Heat treatment process lethality calculation» which calculates the lethality rates, the heating lethal effect and the actual lethal effect (F-effect) values of the canned food heat treatment process. In the paper, the software mathematical calculation formula, graphical user interface and functionality are described. The example of pasteurization conditions selection for canned food «Trout in olive oil with the addition of pickled pineapple» in the tin can No. 2, based on the obtained results from the developed software for calculating the actual lethality of the canned food heat treatment processes, is shown.

Effect of Y and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Deformation Performance of ZK60 Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 1015 ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Quan Li ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Wen Jun Liu ◽  
Su Qin Luo ◽  
Ren Ju Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Zk60 Alloy ◽  
Alloy Microstructure ◽  
Extruded Products ◽  
Strength And Ductility

The ZK60 magnesium alloys add Y were deformed with extrusion simulation system, and extruded products for various heat treatment processes. The mechanism properties of Y element in ZK60 and its effect on microstructure were analyzed. as well as heat treatment process for ZK60 and ZK60 +1.0Y two influence of alloy microstructure and properties were investigated. The results showed that the addition of rare earth Y can effectively refine the grain ZK60 alloy, and can significantly improve the performance of ZK60 alloy plasticity. Artificial aging treatment can improve ZK60 and ZK60 +1.0Y alloy yield strength and ductility, the best artificial aging treatment ZK60 and ZK60 +1.0Y alloy extrusion products for the 180°C×24h.

scholarly journals Effect of Austempering and Martempering on the Properties of AISI 52100 Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vamsi Krishna ◽  
R. R. Srikant ◽  
Mustafa Iqbal ◽  
N. Sriram
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Aisi 52100 ◽  
Aisi 52100 Steel ◽  
Test Impact

The mechanical properties of steel decide its applicability for a particular condition. Heat treatment processes are commonly used to enhance the required properties of steel. The present work aims at experimentally investigating the effect of austempering and martempering on AISI 52100 steel. Different tests like microstructure analysis, hardness test, impact test, and wear test are carried out after heat treatment process. It was found that annealed steel was least hard and more wear prone, while martempered steel was hardest and least vulnerable to wear. Austempered steel had the highest impact strength and it is increased with soaking time up to certain level. Least wear rate is observed in martempered sample both in abrasion and dry sliding. However, least friction coefficient is shown by annealed samples.

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