The Effect of the Preoperative Fasting Regimen on the Incidence of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux in 90 Dogs

This study aimed to investigate the effect of three different preoperative fasting regimens on the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in dogs under general anaesthesia. Ninety dogs undergoing non-abdominal and non-thoracic elective surgery were included in the study and equally allocated to three groups. Dogs received canned food providing half the daily resting energy requirements (RER) 3 h prior to premedication (group 3H), a quarter of the daily RER 3 h before premedication (group 3Q), and half the daily RER 12 h before premedication (group 12H). The animals were premedicated with acepromazine and pethidine, anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane vaporised in oxygen. Oesophageal pH was monitored throughout anaesthesia. Demographic and surgery-related parameters were not different among groups. The incidence of GOR was 11/30 in group 3H (36.7%), 9/30 in group 3Q (30.0%) and 5/30 in group 12H (16.7%), which was not statistically different (p = 0.262). Reduction of the amount of the preoperative meal from half to a quarter of the daily RER did not reduce the incidence of GOR but resulted in a lower oesophageal pH (p = 0.003). The results of this study suggest that the administration of a meal 3 h before anaesthesia does not have any beneficial effect in the reduction of GOR incidence in dogs compared to the administration of a meal 12 h before anaesthesia.

Perinatal Environmental Health Education Intervention to Reduce Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: The PREVED Project

Environmental health promotion interventions may reduce endocrine disruptor (ED) exposure. The PREVED (PREgnancy, preVention, Endocrine Disruptors) project was developed to improve knowledge, to enhance risk perception, and to change exposure behavior. Our objective was to present the phases of the PREVED project using the RE-AIM method. PREVED intervention consisted of three workshops during pregnancy. Reach, adoption, and implementation phases were assessed with qualitative studies. Efficacy study consisted of a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) on 268 pregnant women: (i) control group (leaflet), (ii) intervention group in neutral location, (iii) intervention group in contextualized location. The main outcome was the percentage evolution of participants who reported consuming canned food. Secondary outcomes were evolution of psycho-social scores, evolution of ED presence in urine, and ED presence in colostrum. The intervention adoption was centered on upper-privileged women, but implementation assessment showed that key features (highly practical intervention) seemed to be carried out and had initiated some behavior changes. A total of 268 pregnant women participated in the intervention and 230 in a randomized controlled trial (control group: 86 and intervention groups: 172). We found no significant differences in consumption of canned food and in percentage of women having a decrease of bisphenol A or parabens in urine, but we found a significant increase in the evolution of risk perception score and overall psychosocial score in intervention groups (respectively: +15.73 control versus +21.03 intervention, p = 0.003 and +12.39 versus +16.20, p = 0.02). We found a significant difference in percentage of women with butylparaben detection between control group and intervention groups (13% versus 3%, p = 0.03). PREVED intervention is the first intervention research dedicated to perinatal environmental health education in France. By sharing know-how/experience in a positive non-alarmist approach, it improved risk perception, which is key to behavior change, aiming to reduce perinatal ED exposure. Including women in precarious situations remains a major issue.

Perinatal Environmental Health Education Intervention to Reduce Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: The PREVED Project

BackgroundEnvironmental health promotion interventions may reduce endocrine disruptor (ED) exposure. PREVED (PREgnancy, preVention, Endocrine Disruptors) project was developed to improve knowledge, to enhance risk perception and to change exposure behavior. Our objective was to present the phases of PREVED project using the RE-AIM method.MethodsPREVED intervention consisted of 3 workshops during pregnancy. Reach, adoption, and implementation phases were assessed with qualitative studies. Efficacy study consisted of a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) on 268 pregnant women: i) control group (leaflet) ii) intervention group in neutral location iii) intervention group in contextualized location. The main outcome was the percentage evolution of participants who reported consuming canned food. Secondary outcomes were evolution of psycho-social scores, evolution of ED presence in urine and ED presence in colostrum. ResultsThe intervention adoption was centered on upper-privileged women, but implementation assessment showed that key features (highly practical intervention) seemed to be carried out and had initiated some behavior changes. A total of 268 pregnant women participated in the intervention and 230 on randomized controlled trial (control group: 86 and intervention groups: 172). We found no significant differences in consumption of canned food and in percentage of women having a decrease of bisphenol A or parabens in urine, but we found significant increase in the evolution of risk perception score and overall psychosocial score in intervention groups (respectively: +15.73 control versus +21.03 intervention, p=0.003 and +12.39 versus +16.20, p=0.02). We found a significant difference in percentage of women with butylparaben detection between control group and intervention groups (13% versus 3%, p=0.03). ConclusionPREVED intervention is the first intervention research dedicated to perinatal environmental health education in France. By sharing know-how/experience in a positive non-alarmist approach, it improved risk perception, which is a key to behavior change aiming to reduce perinatal ED exposure. Including women in precarious situations stay a major issue.Trial registration number: Retrospectively registered on 31 July 2017 (when the first participant was enrolled in this non-drug intervention, ClinicalTrials.gov was centered in therapeutic trials): NCT03233984 - URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03233984

Сanned products. A new look at packaging

The article discusses modern types of packaging for sterilized meat and meat-containing canned food, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages.

Application of polymer and combined retortable package for canned food (review)

Рассмотрены основные виды реторт-упаковки, полимерные и комбинированные материалы, применяемые для ее изготовления. С учетом области применения такой упаковки к ней применяются определенные требования: устойчивость к стерилизации при температуре не ниже 120 °С, паро- и влагонепроницаемость, химическая инертность к консервируемым продуктам, герметичность, низкая газопроницаемость. Для придания реторт-упаковке требуемых свойств ее изготавливают из многослойных полимерных или комбинированных материалов, каждый из слоев которого выполняет определенные функции. В качестве внешних слоев чаще всего используют полипропилен или полиэтилентерефталат, так как эти полимерные материалы термически и химически устойчивы, паро- и влагонепроницаемы. В качестве серединного слоя используют материалы, являющиеся барьерами для газов - алюминиевую фольгу, металлизированные пленки, этиленвиниловый спирт, полиамид. Для изготовления таких материалов и упаковки применяют соэкструзию полимеров, многослойное литье под давлением или ламинирование. Благодаря барьерным свойствам полимерных и комбинированных материалов по отношению к кислороду реторт-упаковка обеспечивает сроки годности консервированной продукции до 5 лет. Это сравнимо с консервами в традиционной упаковке, что позволяет рассматривать реторт-упаковку из полимерных и комбинированных материалов в качестве альтернативы стеклянной и металлической упаковке. В розничной продаже консервы в реторт-упаковке из полимерных и комбинированных материалов представлены в основном мясными паштетами, пюреобразными консервами для детского питания, соусами и кетчупами, а также влажными кормами для животных. В реторт-упаковке также выпускают тушеное мясо, первые и вторые обеденные блюда, консервированный сыр, некоторые виды фруктовых и овощных консервов, но это в основном продукция для спецконтингента (например, военнослужащие, космонавты). This article describes the main types of retortable package, polymer and combined materials used for its. Taking into account the application of such package, certain requirements apply to it: resistance to sterilization at a temperature of not less than 120 °C, vapor and moisture resistance, chemical inertia to canned products, leakproofness, low gas permeability. To give the retort packaging the required properties, it is made of multilayer polymer or combined materials, each of the layers of which performs certain functions. As the outer layers, polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate is most often used, since these polymer materials are thermally and chemically stable, vapor and moisture-proof. As the middle layer, materials that are barriers to gases are used aluminum foil, metallized films, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyamide. For the manufacture of such materials and package, polymer co-extrusion, multi-layer injection molding or lamination are used. Due to the barrier properties of polymer and combine materials in relation to oxygen, retortable packaging provides shelf life of canned products up to 3 years. This is comparable to canned food in traditional package, which allows us to consider retortable package made of polymer and combined materials as an alternative to glass and metal packaging. In retail sales, canned food in retortable package made of polymer and combined materials is mainly represented by meat pates, canned puree for baby food, sauces and ketchups, as well as wet animal feed. The retortable packaging also produces stewed meat, dinner dishes, canned cheese, some types of fruit and vegetable canned food, but these are mainly products for special contractors (for example, military personnel, astronauts).

The acorn squash problem: a digestible conceptualisation of barriers to emergency food assistance

Background: In common narratives of emergency food assistance, donors likely believe their efforts directly manifest as people consuming their donated food. For example, a person donating canned lima beans during a canned food drive may visualise someone eventually eating those lima beans. However, cultural and socio-economic barriers often exist that prevent people from accessing and consuming the donated food. These barriers are often complex and otherwise well-intentioned donors, volunteers and organisations may not initially consider them. Method: This commentary article, which draws from existing US emergency food systems literature, uses the imagery of an acorn squash one might find at a US food pantry to conceptualise these barriers in a straightforward way. Results: Examining emergency food assistance through the lens of the acorn squash problem can help donors, volunteers and organisations better connect with food-insecure people. The lens of the acorn squash problem also allows for deeper critiques of some practices of emergency food systems.

Monitoring studies of the qualitative composition of canned meat of domestic producers

Meat-processing enterprises produce a wide range of canned meat in different price categories. Complete information about the composition enables consumers to choose a product that meets their needs. However, the information on the label does not always correspond to the true composition of the canned food, and consumers are deceived in their expectations. Often, food additives that are not permitted by regulatory documents or are not declared on the label are introduced into the recipe. The purpose of this study was to identify the composition of canned meat lumps of popular brands produced from premium beef in accordance with GOST 32125 “Canned meat. Stewed meat”. The study was carried out by histological method. In many canned food samples, vegetable protein products, as well as thickening food additives, such as carrageenan, gums, starch, were found. The conclusions are made about the high level of falsification of this type of product.