scholarly journals Management and outcome of community acquired pneumonia: hospital based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2271
Author(s):  
Avinash Lamb ◽  
Amol Harinathrao Patil
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Complications And Mortality

Background: Lower Respiratory Tract infections are responsible for one-fifth of the deaths caused due to infectious diseases in India and Pneumonia is a major culprit. Timely and appropriate empirical treatment based on knowledge of local etiological factors is important in the management of the disease. Data related to investigation profile and therapy as well as morbidity and mortality is available from different geographic regions. Present study describes the management and outcome of disease data from a tertiary hospital at Rajkot in Gujarat state during the study period.Methods: The present prospective observational study was completed in the study duration (November 2014 to April 2016) at tuberculosis and chest diseases Department of PDU Hospital at Rajkot, Gujarat. 50 patients above 12 years of age with CAP on clinical diagnosis assisted by radiology were included in the study. The haematology profile, therapy, complications and mortality were described.Results: Haemoglobin was below 10gm percent in 22% cases. Leucocytosis was observed in 72% cases. Ten percent patients were seropositive for HIV. There was a moderate response to treatment with penicillin group of drugs (approximately 22%). Many patients had to be offered other group of drugs like Cephalosporins, macrolides and quinolones for clinical response. Most common complications observed were: Delayed resolution in 12 (24%) patients, synpneumonic effusion in 6 (12%) and septicaemia in 3 (6%) patients. Mortality rate was 6% during the study period.Conclusions: The results indicate a low response to treatment by penicillin group antibiotics and a high rate of complications. Mortality is similar to reports from India.

scholarly journals 2018 recommendations for the management of community acquired pneumonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo de Amorim Corrêa ◽  
Andre Nathan Costa ◽  
Fernando Lundgren ◽  
Lessandra Michelin ◽  
Mara Rúbia Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Microbiota

ABSTRACT Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the vast diversity of respiratory microbiota, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most prevalent pathogen among etiologic agents. Despite the significant decrease in the mortality rates for lower respiratory tract infections in recent decades, CAP ranks third as a cause of death in Brazil. Since the latest Guidelines on CAP from the Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia (SBPT, Brazilian Thoracic Association) were published (2009), there have been major advances in the application of imaging tests, in etiologic investigation, in risk stratification at admission and prognostic score stratification, in the use of biomarkers, and in the recommendations for antibiotic therapy (and its duration) and prevention through vaccination. To review these topics, the SBPT Committee on Respiratory Infections summoned 13 members with recognized experience in CAP in Brazil who identified issues relevant to clinical practice that require updates given the publication of new epidemiological and scientific evidence. Twelve topics concerning diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic, and preventive issues were developed. The topics were divided among the authors, who conducted a nonsystematic review of the literature, but giving priority to major publications in the specific areas, including original articles, review articles, and systematic reviews. All authors had the opportunity to review and comment on all questions, producing a single final document that was approved by consensus.

scholarly journals Telithromycin (Ketek®)in lower respiratory tract infections: economic aspects

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Carlo Lazzaro
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
National Healthcare ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Courses

The aim of the paper is to compare Italian healthcare-related costs and effectiveness of 7- and 5- day course with telitromicin (Ketek®) 800 mg od vs. 10-day clarithromycin 500 mg bid in patients with Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), respectively. Clinical as well as healthcare-related resource consumption data were collected from two Medline indexed articles reporting results of three international trials. Since differences in effectiveness among the compared antibiotic courses did not reach statistical significance, two cost-minimization analyses were performed from Italian National Healthcare Service (INHS) perspective. CAP and AECB-related hospitalizations were evaluated according to INHS DRGs tariffs, whereas drugs were costed according to Italian National Therapeutic Formulary. Costs are expressed in euros 2005. When compared to 10-day clarithromycin 500 mg bid, savings related to 7-day telitromicin 800 mg od approach 102,10 euros per CAP patient (IC 95: -177,89 euros − -26,31 euros; p

scholarly journals Use of Oral Tetracyclines in the Treatment of Adult Patients with Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia: A Literature Review on the Often-Overlooked Antibiotic Class

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Monique R. Bidell ◽  
Manjunath (Amit) P. Pai ◽  
Thomas P. Lodise
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Oral Agents ◽  
Adult Outpatient ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

Oral tetracyclines have been used in clinical practice for over 60 years. Overall, one of the most common indications for use of oral tetracyclines is for treatment of adult outpatients with lower respiratory tract infections, including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Despite the longstanding use of oral tetracyclines, practice patterns indicate that they are often considered after other guideline-concordant oral CAP treatment options (namely macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and β-lactams). However, there are growing resistance or safety concerns with the available oral agents listed for outpatients with CAP in the updated American Thoracic Society (ATS)/Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) CAP guidelines, especially among patients with comorbidities or notable risk factors for resistant pathogens. Given the need for alternative oral agents to macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and beta-lactams for adult outpatients with CAP, this review summarizes the literature on the use of oral tetracyclines (i.e., doxycycline, minocycline, and omadacycline) for this indication. As part of this review, we described their mechanism of action, common mechanisms of resistance, susceptibility profiles against common CAP pathogens, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical data, and safety. The intent of the review is to highlight the important considerations when deciding between doxycycline, minocycline, and omadacycline for an adult outpatient with CAP in situations in which use of an oral tetracycline is warranted.

scholarly journals Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae biofilm production and severity in lower respiratory tract infections in a tertiary hospital in Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1385-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Fernando Martínez-Reséndez ◽  
Juan Manuel González-Chávez ◽  
Elvira Garza-González ◽  
Lorena Nefertiti Castro-Fuentes ◽  
Jessica Lizzeth Gutiérrez-Ferman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Hospitalisation for lower respiratory tract infection in children in the province of Quebec, Canada, before and during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (13) ◽  
pp. 2770-2776 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ANDERSON ◽  
G. DECEUNINCK ◽  
Z. ZHOU ◽  
F. D. BOUCHER ◽  
Y. BONNIER VIGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tract Infections

SUMMARYStreptococcus pneumoniaeis an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) may reduce this burden. This study's goal was to analyse trends in lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) hospitalisations before and during a routine vaccination programme targeting all newborns with PCV was started in the province of Quebec, Canada in December 2004. The study population included hospital admissions with a main diagnosis of LRTI among 6–59 month-old Quebec residents from April 2000 to December 2014. Trends in proportions and rates were analysed using Cochran-Armitage tests and Poisson regression models. We observed a general downward trend in all LTRI hospitalisations rate: from 11·55/1000 person-years in 2000–2001 to 9·59/1000 in 2013–2014, a 17·0% reduction, which started before the introduction of PCV vaccination. Downward trends in hospitalisation rates were more pronounced for all-cause of pneumonia (minus 17·8%) than for bronchiolitis (minus 15·4%). There was also a decrease in the mean duration of hospital stay. There was little evidence that all-cause pneumonia decreased over the study period due mainly to the introduction of PCVs. Trends may be related to changes in clinical practice. This study casts doubt on the interpretation of ecological analyses of the implementation of PCV vaccination programmes.

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