scholarly journals Spectrum of developmental anomalies of the central nervous system encountered in a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2732
Author(s):  
Subhasish Panda ◽  
Subhashree Dash ◽  
Savitri Bhagat ◽  
Braja Bihari Panda
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Developmental Anomalies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cns Anomalies

Background: Congenital Central Nervous System (CNS) anomalies have typical and characteristic imaging features. Imaging plays a pivotal role in their diagnosis. This study aims to determine the prevalence and spectrum of the various congenital anomalies of the CNS diagnosed at our institution, and to classify the imaging features according to an approved classification system.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on infants and children below 12 years of age attending the Department of Radiodiagnosis of our Institution, for radiographic investigation of congenital anomalies in CNS through Computerised Tomography and/or Magnetic Resonance Imaging, over a period of one year. The spectrum of imaging features was analysed as per approved classification and corroboration with their clinical background. The prevalence of each type of congenital anomaly was also assessed.Results: A total number of 43 developmental anomalies of the central nervous system were encountered in 33 patients over a period of one year. The most common anomalies encountered were partial corpus callosal agenesis, heterotopic grey matter and Dandy Walker malformation. The total prevalence of CNS anomalies was 4.22%. The most common clinical symptoms in these patients were seizures followed by focal neurological deficit. The imaging findings of each anomaly are discussed.Conclusions: Developmental anomalies of CNS are encountered in 4.22% of patients in our Institution, with partial corpus callosum agenesis being the most frequent entity. Familiarity with imaging findings of these malformations is mandatory for every radiologist.

scholarly journals Congenital anomalies of the central nervous system: prevalence in a fetal medicine service in the Brazilian Midwest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Leão de Moraes ◽  
Fernanda Sardinha de Abreu Tacon ◽  
Andréa de Faria Rezende Matos ◽  
Natália Cruz e Melo ◽  
Michelle Hermínia Mesquita de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Fetal Medicine ◽  
Medicine Service ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Cns Anomalies

Introduction: Approximately 21% of congenital anomalies (CA) involve the Central Nervous System (CNS), constituting one of the most common birth defects, affecting 1 to 10: 1,000 of live births. Objective: To analyze the prevalence of CNS anomalies diagnosed by obstetric ultrasound. Methods: Prospective longitudinal cohort study carried out in a public fetal medicine service in Goiânia with pregnant women who were attended in high-risk prenatal care. The patients were followed up during the ultrasound exams from March 2018 to March 2019. Results: 225 cases of pregnant women with ultrasound diagnoses of CA were surveyed during the investigated period. CNS anomalies were the most prevalent, being present in 34.22% (77/225) of the cases. The mean maternal age of pregnant women was 25.55 years and mean gestational age was 28.84 weeks. Hydrocephalus was identified in 23 pregnant women (29.87%), being the most prevalent CNS anomalie. Anencephaly was present in 24.68% (19/77) and holoprosencephaly in 18.18% (14/77). Other CA were also diagnosed (21/77), such as meningocele, spina bifida, acrania, among others. However, they showed a lower prevalence in relation to hydrocephalus, anencephaly and holoprosencephaly. Conclusion: The findings are essential for the planning and allocation of hospital resources and investment in health. Besides that, to adequate and specific prenatal care, is indispensable in the search for reducing the incidence of these malformations, morbidity and improving survival rates of the affected population.

Isotope cisternography and ventriculography in congenital anomalies of the central nervous system

1975 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz E. Glasauer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Isotope Studies ◽  
Isotope Cisternography ◽  
Csf Absorption ◽  
Cns Anomalies

✓ The author discusses the value of isotope cisternography and ventriculography in the diagnosis of a variety of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with either hydrocephalus or a disturbance in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and absorption. In sincipital encephaloceles the techniques demonstrate CSF communication with the anomalous sac and the frequently associated hydrocephalus with occipital lesions. In porencephaly and cerebral agenesis, the isotope demonstrates ventricular reflux and remains in the cystic dilatation indicating abnormal CSF absorption; isotope ventriculography also reveals a delayed CSF absorption and the possible sites of CSF obstruction in Arnold-Chiari malformations and Dandy-Walker syndrome. In addition to their differential diagnostic value isotope studies can be a helpful guide in the choice of the proper surgical treatment of some CNS anomalies.

scholarly journals The Spectrum of Congenital Central Nervous System Anomalies Among Stillborn: An Autopsy Based Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312199016
Author(s):  
S. P. Vinutha ◽  
D. Narayanappa ◽  
G. V. Manjunath ◽  
M. S. Sujatha ◽  
M. C. Sapna Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Fetal Autopsy ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Cns Anomalies

Background: Congenital central nervous system (CNS) anomalies are the structural or functional abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord that occur during the intrauterine developmental process. Purpose: The present study aims to detect the prevalence of congenital CNS anomalies among stillborn fetuses, the association between congenital anomalies and maternal factors, and also the association between autopsy and ultrasound findings. Methods: This study was conducted on 50 stillborn fetuses, obtained from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysuru. The fetuses were fixed in 10% formalin and autopsies were performed as per the standard fetal autopsy protocol. The congenital CNS anomalies were studied in detail. Results: CNS anomalies were the most common congenital anomalies observed. Out of the total 50 stillborn fetuses studied, CNS anomalies were found in 17 fetuses and their occurrence was more common among male stillborn than females. Meningomyelocele was the most common anomaly, followed by anencephaly. The other anomalies documented were meningocele, encephalocele, meningoencephalocele, agenesis of the corpus callosum, craniorachischisis, bifid cerebellum with hypoplastic vermis, holoprosencephaly, and sirenomelia. Fisher’s exact test showed a significant association between maternal hypothyroidism and congenital CNS anomalies ( P < .05). The autopsy confirmed the ultrasound findings in 40 (80%) fetuses. There were significant additional findings observed in seven (14%) fetal autopsies and ultrasound diagnosis completely changed in three (6%) cases, after the final autopsy procedure. Conclusion: The fetal autopsy is the single most directly evident investigation, which gives information that changes or significantly improves the clinical diagnosis. A multidisciplinary holistic approach toward pregnancy will help to detect any kind of abnormality in the fetus and thus to take a timely decision toward the management.

scholarly journals Extensive systemic metastases from primary central nervous system haemangiopericytoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20190081
Author(s):  
Chi Long Ho ◽  
Jeremy JH Lam ◽  
Robert Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Tumour Control ◽  
Local Tumour Control ◽  
Meningeal Tumour ◽  
Local Tumour ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Extracranial Metastases

Primary intracranial tumours rarely metastasise outside of the central nervous system (CNS). This report describes a rare case of recurrent meningeal haemangiopericytoma with extensive systemic metastases, which eventually resulted in a fatal outcome. We discuss some prevailing theories as to the rarity of extracranial metastases from primary CNS haemangiopericytoma, and elucidate the epidemiology, imaging features, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this unusual but surprisingly aggressive meningeal tumour. Besides aggressive treatment for local tumour control, patients with primary CNS haemangiopericytoma require long-term post-treatment surveillance to detect systemic metastases.

Imaging features of multifocal primary rhabdoid tumour of the central nervous system with meningeal and spinal metastases

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter De Mot ◽  
Philippe Demaerel ◽  
Guy Wilms ◽  
Stefaan Van Gool ◽  
Raf Sciot
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Metastases ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Rhabdoid Tumour ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Audiological chronological findings in children with congenital anomalies of the central nervous system

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1105-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kae Kitagawa ◽  
Hiroaki Mitsuzawa ◽  
Tomoko Shintani ◽  
Mitsuru Go ◽  
Tetsuo Himi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Cerebral Blastomycosis: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation of Solitary CNS Blastomycosis Mass-Like Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Stavrakis ◽  
Ananth Narayan ◽  
Olga Voronel
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Blastomyces Dermatitidis ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Diffusion Restriction ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Blastomycosis is a fungal infection rarely seen in clinical practice. Endemic to the Midwestern United States as well as the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario, Blastomyces dermatitidis characteristically involves the skin and lungs. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement, although a rare complication of this disease, can be fatal. The current literature on CNS blastomycosis primarily centers on the spectrum of traditional imaging features of T1- and T2-weighted imaging with which this entity can present. However, here we present the direct histopathologic correlation of the imaging findings of solitary mass like CNS blastomycosis, with an emphasis on the association of diffusion restriction within the lesion with a granulomatous immune response.

scholarly journals PATTERNS OF PRESCRIPTION AND ADR MONITORING OF DRUGS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
SUBHRANSU SEKHAR JENA ◽  
MONALISA JENA ◽  
NIBEDITA PATRO ◽  
SWATI MISHRA ◽  
MAITREYEE PANDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Fatal Adverse Events ◽  
One Year

Objective: Neuropathic pain arises from damage or pathological changes in the peripheral or central nervous system. The pain is difficult to treat as standard treatment with conventional analgesics doesn`t typically provide effective relief of pain. Methods: It was a one-year study of utilization and analysis of prescriptions for PNDs (Painful neuropathic disorders). The parameters evaluated were demographic profile of the patient (age and gender), type and etiology of PNDs, drug data (name of the group of drugs with individual drugs, mono or polytherapy, number of drugs per prescription, formulation) and associated adverse drug reactions (ADR) with the prescribed drug. Results: Maximum number of patients of PNDs resides in the age group of 18 – 35 yrs (41.2%) & more common in females. The most common PND encountered was painful diabetic neuropathy (43.9%) followed by cervical and lumbar radiculopathy, postherpetic neuralgia. 2942 drugs were prescribed in 1020 prescriptions out of which 96.8% were oral and 3.2% were topical formulations. Most frequently prescribed group of the drug was tricyclic antidepressants (27.3%) followed by anticonvulsants (25.3%). Polypharmacy was seen 89.7% as compared to monotherapy (10.3%). Only 132 ADRs of various types were seen. The most common organ system affected was the central nervous system followed by gastro intestinal systems. The most common drugs implicated for ADRs were TCAs (24.4%), anticonvulsants (16.6%), and Pregabeline (9.8%). There were no fatal adverse events. Mild to moderate ADRs included constipation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dryness of mouth. Conclusions: The choice of drug depends on etiology of neuropathic pain, drug efficacy and availability and also on ADR profile.

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