scholarly journals Thyroid function and gallstone disease: is there an association?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Kharishma P. Nair ◽  
Siddartha Gowthaman S. ◽  
Vinoth S. ◽  
Ramanathan Manickam
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Sphincter Of Oddi ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
The West ◽  
Dietary Food

Gallstone disease, amounts to a significant amount of disease burden to the medical society, more commonly encountered in the West. Various predisposing factors are associated with the development of cholelithiasis, namely age, gender, dietary food habits and haemolytic conditions, but whether or not thyroid dysfunction is a causative factor, till date, is a subject of dispute. Gallstones can be classified into cholesterol stones and pigment stones which are black or brown (with cholesterol) in colour. Thyroid hormones are said to have a direct effect on the sphincter of oddi, thereby aiding in biliary emptying. They also alter the lipid metabolism which is said to cause supersaturation of cholesterol in bile, and hence result in the formation of cholesterol stones. Several studies have tried to establish this hypothesis and have concluded with diversified results. This review article throws light into the concept of the association between thyroid dysfunction and formation of gallstones by evaluating several articles through a systematic approach in order to arrive at a better consensus.

The Insanity of the Climacteric Period

1894 ◽  
Vol 40 (169) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Goodall ◽  
M. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
The West ◽  
The Subject

Although much of a speculative kind appears to have been written upon the subject of climacteric insanity, more especially as regards the pathology of the disorder, the accumulation of actual facts, bearing upon its genesis, symptomatology, and terminations is comparatively small. Exception must be made for the highly practical paper lately read by Dr. Savage at the Medical Society. A further contribution dealing as far as possible with matters of observation may be serviceable. For the purpose of this paper, in addition to the cases coming under the direct observation of the writers, the records of Bethlem (10 years, 102 cases) and the West Riding Asylum, Wakefield (10 years, 120 cases) have been drawn upon. We are indebted to Dr. Salter, Clinical Assistant, Bethlem Hospital, for much assistance in collecting the cases, and Dr. Percy Smith for permission to use the records of Bethlem.

WAYS TO IMPROVE DIAGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH POSTCHOLECYSTECTOMY SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
O. V. Gorbulitch ◽  
S. H. Yefimenko ◽  
S. A. Pavlychenko ◽  
O. A. Lazutkina ◽  
K. A. Aleksanian
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Sphincter Of Oddi ◽  
Duodenal Papilla ◽  
Biliary Surgery ◽  
Postcholecystectomy Syndrome ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Major Duodenal Papilla

Postcholecystectomy syndrome is a symptom complex that occurs or worsens after cholecystectomy and is a functional and / or organic disorder. It often complicates the post−surgery course of gallstone disease. The presence of symptoms of the disease indicates a deterioration in the quality of life of patients, but the diagnostic examination is not always possible to detect morphological or functional changes. Thus, at present the syndrome is an urgent problem of gastroenterology and biliary surgery. Diagnostic issues with a differentiated approach to the functional or organic nature of postcholecystectomy syndrome are important for the choice of further treatment tactics. In order to improve the diagnostic algorithm taking into account the changes in the area of the major duodenal papilla, a study was conducted in 137 patients. To determine the functional disorders of the sphincter of Oddi there was used the method of ultrasound investigation of hepatobiliary area and Vater's papilla with choleretic loading on Boyden as well as the Grigoriev's methods in the absence of organic obstruction of the terminal choledochus at previous stages of examination. Morphological changes in the major duodenal papilla area were evaluated using the technique of parietal ph−impedancemetry, which was performed on the background of benign mechanical jaundice in the patients after cholecystectomy during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography prior to endoscopic papillosphincterotomy. The obtained results help to perform a differentiated approach to the patients who underwent cholecystectomy, taking into account morphofunctional changes in the area of the major duodenal papilla and allow the implementation of the selected methods to the research algorithm of patients with postcholecystectomy syndrome. Key words: postcholecystectomy syndrome, functional and organic changes of major duodenal papilla, patency of the terminal choledochus, treatment tactics.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns among adolescents in the West of Scotland

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie S. Anderson ◽  
Sally Macintyre ◽  
Patrick West
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
The West ◽  
Education Campaigns ◽  
Dietary Data

Dietary data from 15-year-old adolescents participating in the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study were examined in order to describe current eating patterns and food habits. Comparison of the data with a ‘healthy eating’ index showed that less than one-third of the sample were eating a diet similar to that promoted by local health education campaigns, Multivariate analysis showed that adolescents from non-manual and wealthier families, non-smokers, and females were more likely to be classified as ‘healthy eaters’. Comparison of the data with that collected from a 35-year-old cohort in the same study showed that significantly fewer 15-year-olds were likely to consume diets associated with long-term health.

Offering the vaccine and accepting it: an audit of hepatitis B vaccination in West Midlands region

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 632-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henna Jaleel ◽  
P S Allan ◽  
Mia Huengsberg ◽  
D Natin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
The West ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
Genitourinary Medicine ◽  
Hepatitis B Screening

The practice of hepatitis B screening and vaccination in genitourinary medicine clinics in the West Midlands Region is audited against the standards set by 1999 Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Disease National Guidelines.

scholarly journals Hymecromone in the treatment of biliary diseases: options and prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
A.V. Okhlobystin ◽  
◽  
A.K. Ufimtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Sphincter Of Oddi ◽  
Gallbladder Motility ◽  
Sphincter Of Oddi Dysfunction ◽  
Biliary Sludge ◽  
Treatment Safety ◽  
Oddi Dysfunction

Pharmacological treatment of biliary dyskinesia is to a great extend aimed at reducing smooth muscle spasms and recovering gallbladder motility. Prolonged courses of myotropic antispasmodics are used as the basic therapy. Hymecromone is notable to its predominantly spasmolytic action on the bile ducts and the sphincter of Oddi without any significant effect on the gallbladder contractility, and therefore it is safe in patients with cholecystolythiasis. Hymecromone decreases the severity of cholestasis, prevents the formation of cholesterol crystals and therefore, the development of cholelithiasis. It is effective both as a monotherapy and in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid for treatment of biliary sludge and prevention of the progression of gallstone disease. Its local action on the biliary tract and low systemic bioavailability after oral intake increases the treatment safety. Experimental studies demonstrated the antifibrotic and antihyperglycaemic effect of the drug. Key words: biliary dysfunction, cholelithiasis, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, biliary sludge, hymecromone, ursodeoxycholic acid

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