scholarly journals Neonatal Leuconostoc lactis meningitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1619
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar Arumugam ◽  
Kaviyarasan Govindharaj
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Leuconostoc Lactis

Leuconostoc lactis has a low potential for human infection, although serious infections have been documented in immunocompromised persons. The source of this organism is a dairy product. A 3-day old neonate was presented with multifocal clonic seizures who were given formula feed from birth. We isolated Leuconostoc lactis in his Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is resistant to vancomycin. L. lactis meningitis was treated successfully with the injection of ampicillin-sulbactam.

Decreased cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 (orexin A) in patients after repetitive generalized tonic-clonic seizures

Epilepsia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1641-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Rejdak ◽  
Ewa Papuć ◽  
Paweł Grieb ◽  
Zbigniew Stelmasiak
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Hypocretin 1

scholarly journals Development of Innovative Pediocin PA-1 by DNA Shuffling among Class IIa Bacteriocins

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (16) ◽  
pp. 5292-5299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Tominaga ◽  
Yoshinori Hatakeyama
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Dna Shuffling ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Effective Version ◽  
Activity Screening ◽  
Leuconostoc Lactis ◽  
Enterocin A ◽  
Increased Activity

ABSTRACT Pediocin PA-1 is a member of the class IIa bacteriocins, which show antimicrobial effects against lactic acid bacteria. To develop an improved version of pediocin PA-1, reciprocal chimeras between pediocin PA-1 and enterocin A, another class IIa bacteriocin, were constructed. Chimera EP, which consisted of the C-terminal half of pediocin PA-1 fused to the N-terminal half of enterocin A, showed increased activity against a strain of Leuconostoc lactis isolated from a sour-spoiled dairy product. To develop an even more effective version of this chimera, a DNA-shuffling library was constructed, wherein four specific regions within the N-terminal half of pediocin PA-1 were shuffled with the corresponding sequences from 10 other class IIa bacteriocins. Activity screening indicated that 63 out of 280 shuffled mutants had antimicrobial activity. A colony overlay activity assay showed that one of the mutants (designated B1) produced a >7.8-mm growth inhibition circle on L. lactis, whereas the parent pediocin PA-1 did not produce any circle. Furthermore, the active shuffled mutants showed increased activity against various species of Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Carnobacterium. Sequence analysis revealed that the active mutants had novel N-terminal sequences; in active mutant B1, for example, the parental pediocin PA-1 sequence (KYYGNGVTCGKHSC) was changed to TKYYGNGVSCTKSGC. These new and improved DNA-shuffled bacteriocins could prove useful as food additives for inhibiting sour spoilage of dairy products.

scholarly journals First Case of Human Infection Due to Pseudomonas fulva, an Environmental Bacterium Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluid

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Almuzara ◽  
M. Vazquez ◽  
N. Tanaka ◽  
M. Turco ◽  
M. S. Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Environmental Bacterium ◽  
First Case

scholarly journals Diagnosis and analysis of unexplained cases of childhood encephalitis in Australia using metagenomic next-generation sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ci-Xiu Li ◽  
Rebecca Burrell ◽  
Russell C Dale ◽  
Alison Kesson ◽  
Christopher C Blyth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Encephalitis is most often caused by a variety of infectious agents, the identity of which is commonly determined through diagnostic tests utilising cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Immune-mediated disorders are also a differential in encephalitis cases. We investigated the clinical characteristics and potential aetiological agents of unexplained encephalitis through metagenomic next-generation sequencing of residual clinical samples of multiple tissue types and independent clinical review. A total of 43 specimens, from both sterile and non-sterile sites, were collected from 18 encephalitis cases with no cause identified by the Australian Childhood Encephalitis study. Samples were subjected to total RNA sequencing to determine the presence and abundance of potential pathogens, to reveal mixed infections, pathogen genotypes, and epidemiological origins, and to describe the possible aetiologies of unexplained encephalitis. From this, we identified five RNA and two DNA viruses associated with human infection from both non-sterile (nasopharyngeal aspirates, nose/throat swabs, urine, stool rectal swab) and sterile (cerebrospinal fluid, blood) sites. These comprised two human rhinoviruses, two human seasonal coronaviruses, two polyomaviruses and one picobirnavirus. With the exception of picobirnavirus all have been previously associated with respiratory disease. Human rhinovirus and seasonal coronaviruses may be responsible for five of the encephalitis cases reported here. Immune-mediated encephalitis was considered clinically likely in six cases and RNA sequencing did not identify a possible pathogen in these cases. The aetiology remained unknown in nine cases. Our study emphasises the importance of respiratory viruses in the aetiology of unexplained child encephalitis and suggests that the routine inclusion of non-CNS sampling in encephalitis clinical guidelines/protocols could improve the diagnostic yield.

Achievements and problems from the view of a physician

1980 ◽  
Vol 289 (1036) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Meningococcal Meningitis ◽  
Bacterial Endocarditis ◽  
Cephalosporin C ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Clinical Advances ◽  
Quantum Step

Penicillin made possible the cure of many common, and also the most serious, infections, such as meningococcal meningitis and bacterial endocarditis, often with few or no sequelae. Endocarditis had been invariably fatal. Semisynthetic penicillins added new dimensions of convenience of administration and a broader spectrum in the presence of many β-lactamases. A quantum step forward was permitted by the derivatives of cephalosporin C. Specific clinical advances were (1) the opportunity to use these in some penicillinallergic patients, (2) activity against wider range of Gram-negative bacilli, (3) activity against Bacteroides fragilis (cefoxitin), (4) more complete renal excretion after oral cephalosporins than with oral penicillins, and (5) delayed renal excretion. Major remaining problems limiting β-lactam use are (1) allergy, (2) resistant organisms, (3) relatively poor entry into the cerebrospinal fluid (especially of cephalosporins, (4) some nephrotoxicity, (5) local irritation of veins and tissues during administration, and (6) poor results in patients with agranulocytosis.

scholarly journals Rare case of Hashimoto’s encephalitis mimicking grief reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e227190
Author(s):  
Angeliki Giannopoulou ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Chandranath Sarkar ◽  
Atul Kalhan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Antiviral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Brain Swelling ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Global Brain ◽  
Rare Diagnosis

A 46-year-old woman was admitted with tonic-clonic seizures. She was noticed to be withdrawn and low in mood for few months. She had reduced level of consciousness with hyper-reflexia and myoclonus. Metabolic, vasculitic, autoimmune, paraneoplastic and septic screen were normal. Lumbar puncture showed raised protein in the cerebrospinal fluid but the cytology, bacterial and viral screens were negative. A CT of the head revealed global brain swelling consistent with encephalitis which was empirically treated with antibiotics and antiviral therapy. Despite this she continued to have altered sensorium. She had moderately raised titres of antithyroid peroxidise antibodies suggestive of an underlying diagnosis of Hashimoto’s encephalitis. She displayed a significant improvement in her cognitive functions with high-dose steroids which was further in keeping with this rare diagnosis.

scholarly journals Elevated Concentrations of Eotaxin and Interleukin-5 in Human Neurocysticercosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 4522-4525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlton A. W. Evans ◽  
Hector H. Garcia ◽  
Adele Hartnell ◽  
Robert H. Gilman ◽  
Peter J. Jose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Interleukin 5

ABSTRACT Symptomatic neurocysticercosis, a major cause of epilepsy worldwide, results from inflammation around Taenia soliumlarvae, but the mechanisms are unknown. Eotaxin, not previously reported in cases of human infection, and interleukin-5 (IL-5) but not IL-8 concentrations were elevated in patient serum, and IL-5 levels were also elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Eosinophil-selective mediators may be involved in the pathogenesis of cysticercosis. IL-6 concentrations were also elevated in patient CSF, possibly indicative of an acute-phase response.

scholarly journals Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis in a 4-year-old girl: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxia Luo ◽  
Jianguo Shi ◽  
Yehong Chen ◽  
Wandong Hu ◽  
Yujie Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) antibody-mediated encephalitis is a rare subtype of autoimmune encephalopathy, which is associated with autoimmunity against the neuronal plasma membrane proteins. The characteristic symptoms of this disease are memory dysfunction, seizures, faciobrachial dystonic seizures, cognitive deficits, neuropsychiatric disturbances, and intractable hyponatremia. The diagnosis of this disease mainly depends on the presence of anti-LGI1 antibody in serum or cerebrospinal fluid of patients. LGI1 antibody encephalitis has been reported mostly in adults, with rare occurrences in children. Case presentation In this report, we described a 4-year-old girl with typical seizures. Seizure types included focal seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The electroencephalogram findings showed focal discharges. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed normal. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of cells, glucose, and chloride were within the normal range, and the culture did not reveal growth of any pathogen. Test of serum LGI1-Ab was positive, while the tests for autoimmune encephalitis antibody series in CSF were negative. The seizures of the patient were completely controlled after the therapy of immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and the mental state almost returned to normal. Conclusion To our knowledge, the patient described here may be the youngest case of LGI1 antibody encephalitis reported to date. Children with the LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis may present only with single symptoms such as epileptic seizures and have good response to the therapy of immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone and antiepileptic drugs. Our case report will provide hints for pediatricians in the diagnosis and treatment of LGI1-antibody encephalitis.

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