scholarly journals Impact of family DOTS on tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors in tribal and hard to reach areas in the state of Chhattisgarh: an implementation research

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2847
Author(s):  
Fidius Kerketta ◽  
Ashish Sinha ◽  
Narayan Tripathi ◽  
Arti Borkar ◽  
Shashank Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Sputum Conversion ◽  
Negative Sputum ◽  
The Impact

 Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide healthcare problem and it is one of the major public health concerns in India including Chhattisgarh state. National tuberculosis elimination program (NTEP) has adopted direct observed treatment (DOTS) strategy for elimination of TB. Due to inaccessibility and difficult to reach areas in the tribal areas, monitoring of treatment adherence and treatment completion remains a challenge leading to poor treatment outcomes among TB cases. This implementation research was aimed to assess the impact of family DOTS on the TB treatment outcomes in a tribal district of Chhattisgarh.Methods: A prospective cohort study of all new smear positive sputum, new smear negative sputum and extra-pulmonary TB patients who were newly diagnosed and registered for treatment under the revised national tuberculosis control programme (RNTCP) in hard to reach district was implemented between November 2016 to January 2018. They were followed till the completion of the treatment.Results: Total 305 tuberculosis new patients (218 intervention and 87 in comparison blocks) were registered for treatment at health facilities in study area. The treatment success rate in the comparison group was better (72.41%) compared to the intervention group (68.35%). Similar results have been observed in terms of non-adherence to treatment and death rate. Sputum conversion rate was observed to have 94% in intervention group in comparison to 95% comparison group.Conclusions: Family DOTS may not be effective unless there is involvement from the RNTCP by regular monitoring and follow up.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis among economic migrants: A cross‐sectional study of the risk of poor treatment outcomes and impact of a treatment adherence intervention among temporary residents in an urban district in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luan Nguyen Quang Vo ◽  
Andrew James Codlin ◽  
Rachel Jeanette Forse ◽  
Hoa Trung Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Nguyen Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Lower Treatment ◽  
Adherence Support ◽  
Poor Treatment

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of avoidable deaths. Economic migrants represent a vulnerable population due to their exposure to medical and social risk factors. These factors expose them to higher risks for TB incidence and poor treatment outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated WHO-defined TB treatment outcomes among economic migrants in an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. We measured the association of a patient’s government-defined residency status with treatment success and loss to follow-up categories at baseline and performed a comparative interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to assess the impact of community-based adherence support on treatment outcomes. Key measures of interest of the ITS were the differences in step change (β6) and post-intervention trend (β7). Results: Short-term, inter-province migrants experienced lower treatment success (aRR=0.95 [95% CI: 0.92-0.99], p=0.010) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR=1.98 [95% CI: 1.44-2.72], p<0.001) than permanent residents. Intra-province migrants were similarly more likely to be lost to follow-up (aOR=1.86 [95% CI: 1.03-3.36], p=0.041). There was evidence that patients >55 years of age (aRR=0.93 [95% CI: 0.89-0.96], p<0.001), relapse patients (aRR=0.89 [95% CI: 0.84-0.94], p<0.001), and retreatment patients (aRR=0.62 [95% CI: 0.52-0.75], p<0.001) had lower treatment success rates. TB/HIV co-infection was also associated with lower treatment success (aRR=0.77 [95% CI: 0.73-0.82], p<0.001) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR=2.18 [95% CI: 1.55-3.06], p<0.001). The provision of treatment adherence support increased treatment success (IRR(β6)=1.07 [95% CI: 1.00, 1.15], p=0.041) and reduced loss to follow-up (IRR(β6)=0.17 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.69], p=0.013) in the intervention districts. Loss to follow-up continued to decline throughout the post-implementation period (IRR(β7)=0.90 [95% CI: 0.83, 0.98], p=0.019). Conclusions: Economic migrants, particularly those crossing provincial borders, have higher risk of poor treatment outcomes and should be prioritized for tailored adherence support. In light of accelerating urbanization in many regions of Asia, implementation trials are needed to inform evidence-based design of strategies for this vulnerable population.

The impact of immediate in-brace 3D corrections on curve evolution after two years of treatment: preliminary results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Guy ◽  
H Labelle ◽  
S Barchi ◽  
CÉ Aubin
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Curve Evolution ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Coronal Correction ◽  
The Impact

For the brace treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), in-brace correction and brace-wear compliance are well-documented parameters associated with a greater chance of treatment success. However, the number of studies on the impact of sagittal and transverse correction on curve evolution in the context of bracing is limited. The objective of this work was to evaluate how immediate inbrace correction in the three anatomical planes is related to long-term curve evolution after two years of bracing. We performed a retrospective analysis on 94 AIS patients followed for a minimum of two years. We analyzed correlations between in-brace correction and two-year out-of-brace evolution for Cobb and apical axial rotations (ARs) in the medial thoracic and thoraco-lumbar/lumbar regions (MT & TL/L). We also studied the association between the braces’ kyphosing and lordosing effect and the evolution of thoracic kyphosis (TK) and lumbar lordosis (LL) after two years. Finally, we separated the patients into three groups based on their curve progression results after two years (corrected, stable and progressed) and compared the 3D in-brace corrections and compliance for each group. Coefficients were statistically significant for all correlations. They were weak for Cobb angles (MT: -0.242; TL/L: -0.275), low for ARs (MT: -0.423; TL/L: -0.417) and moderate for sagittal curves (TK: 0.549; LL: 0.482). In-brace coronal correction was significantly higher in corrected vs stable patients (p=0.004) while compliance was significantly higher in stable vs progressed patients (p=0.026). This study highlights the importance of initial in-brace correction in all three planes for successful treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Treatment success using novel and adapted treatment regimens in registered DR-TB children in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 2013-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (09.1) ◽  
pp. 7S-16S
Author(s):  
Bobojon Pirmahmadzoda ◽  
Katrina Hann ◽  
Kristina Akopyan ◽  
Ruzanna Grigoryan ◽  
Evgenia Geliukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Pediatric Tb ◽  
Culture Conversion

Introduction: Approximately 3% of all pediatric TB cases develop MDR-TB, with only 3–4% of such children receiving MDR-TB treatment. In Tajikistan, children as a proportion of all DR-TB in the country increased from 4.3 to 7.5% during 2013-2018. Despite limited evidence on the use of new anti-TB drugs in children, WHO has updated its guidelines for DR-TB treatment for children, and Tajikistan did so in 2013 and 2017. Novel and adapted regimens included individual regimens for RR/MDR, XDR (with and without Bedaquiline and Delamanid) and short treatment regimens with and without injectables. It is important to document the outcomes of the treatment regimens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe characteristics of children receiving different treatment regimens for DR-TB, the culture conversion and treatment outcomes. Methodology: Cohort study of children enrolled in DR-TB treatment by the National Tuberculosis Program in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, January 2013 to July 2019. Results: The study included 60 DR-TB children. The male to female ratio was 1:2 and mean age 13.6 years. Median time to culture conversion was 66 days [IQR:31-103; Range:2-232]. In children with treatment outcomes (N = 58), 93% had favorable outcomes. There were four children (7%) with unfavorable treatment outcomes, all of whom were female 15-17 years, on standard (RR/MDR) treatment during 2013-2015. Favorable outcomes by DR-TB type were 91%, 90%, and 100% in RR/MDR, PreXDR, and XDR-TB patients, respectively. Conclusions: All children enrolled after the introduction of modified guidelines for novel and adapted regimens for DR-TB showed positive TB treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Patient predictors of poor drug sensitive tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omowunmi Aibana ◽  
Andrej Slavuckij ◽  
Mariya Bachmaha ◽  
Viatcheslav Krasiuk ◽  
Natasha Rybak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Good Treatment ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Patient Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Background: Ukraine has high rates of poor treatment outcomes among drug sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB) patients, while global treatment success rates for DSTB remain high.     We evaluated baseline patient factors as predictors of poor DSTB treatment outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of new drug sensitive pulmonary TB patients treated in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine between November 2012 and October 2014. We defined good treatment outcomes as cure or completion and poor outcomes as death, default (lost to follow up) or treatment failure. We performed logistic regression analyses, using routine program data, to identify baseline patient factors associated with poor outcomes. Results: Among 302 patients, 193 (63.9%) experienced good treatment outcomes while 39 (12.9%) failed treatment, 34 (11.3%) died, and 30 (9.9%) were lost to follow up. In the multivariate analysis, HIV positive patients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) [OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.46 – 8.42; p 0.005] or without ART (OR 4.12; 95% CI 1.36 – 12.43; p 0.01) were at increased risk of poor outcomes. Smear positivity (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.03 - 2.97; p 0.04) was also associated with poor treatment outcomes. Conclusions: High rates of poor outcomes among patients with newly diagnosed drug sensitive TB in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine highlight the urgent need for programmatic interventions, especially aimed at patients with the highest risk of poor outcomes.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis among economic migrants: A cross‐sectional study of the risk of poor treatment outcomes and impact of a treatment adherence intervention among temporary residents in an urban district in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luan Nguyen Quang Vo ◽  
Andrew James Codlin ◽  
Rachel Jeanette Forse ◽  
Hoa Trung Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Nguyen Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Lower Treatment ◽  
Adherence Support ◽  
Poor Treatment

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of avoidable deaths. Economic migrants represent an underserved population due to their exposure to medical and social risk factors, which can affect their health. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated WHO-defined TB treatment outcomes among economic migrants in an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. We measured the association of a patient’s government-defined residency status with treatment success and loss to follow-up categories at baseline and performed a comparative interrupted time series analysis to assess the impact of community-based adherence support on treatment outcomes. Results: Short-term, inter-province migrants experienced lower treatment success (aRR=0.95 [0.92-0.99], p=0.010) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR=1.98 [1.44-2.72], p<0.001) than permanent residents. Intra-province migrants were similarly more likely to be lost to follow-up (aOR=1.86 [1.03-3.36], p=0.041). There was evidence that patients >55 years of age (aRR=0.93 [0.89-0.96], p<0.001), relapse patients (aRR=0.89 [0.84-0.94], p<0.001), and retreatment patients (aRR=0.62 [0.52-0.75], p<0.001) had lower treatment success rates. TB/HIV co-infection was also associated with lower treatment success (aRR=0.77 [0.73-0.82], p<0.001) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR=2.18 [1.55-3.06], p<0.001). The provision of treatment adherence support increased treatment success (IRR(β6)=1.07 [1.00, 1.15], p=0.041) and reduced loss to follow-up (IRR(β6)=0.17 [0.04, 0.69], p=0.013) in the intervention districts. Loss to follow-up continued to decline throughout the post-implementation period (IRR(β7)=0.90 [0.83, 0.98], p=0.019). Conclusions: Economic migrants, particularly those crossing provincial borders, have higher risk of poor treatment outcomes and should be prioritized for tailored adherence support. In light of accelerating urbanization in many regions of Asia, implementation trials are needed to inform evidence-based design of strategies for this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Patient predictors of poor drug sensitive tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1873
Author(s):  
Omowunmi Aibana ◽  
Andrej Slavuckij ◽  
Mariya Bachmaha ◽  
Viatcheslav Krasiuk ◽  
Natasha Rybak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Good Treatment ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Patient Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Background: Ukraine has high rates of poor treatment outcomes among drug sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB) patients, while global treatment success rates for DSTB remain high.     We evaluated baseline patient factors as predictors of poor DSTB treatment outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of new drug sensitive pulmonary TB patients treated in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine between November 2012 and October 2014. We defined good treatment outcomes as cure or completion and poor outcomes as death, default (lost to follow up) or treatment failure. We performed logistic regression analyses, using routine program data, to identify baseline patient factors associated with poor outcomes. Results: Among 302 patients, 193 (63.9%) experienced good treatment outcomes while 39 (12.9%) failed treatment, 34 (11.3%) died, and 30 (9.9%) were lost to follow up. In the multivariate analysis, HIV positive patients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) [OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.46 – 8.42; p 0.005] or without ART (OR 4.12; 95% CI 1.36 – 12.43; p 0.01) were at increased risk of poor outcomes. Frequent alcohol use (OR 1.81; 95% CI 0.93 - 3.55; p 0.08) and smear positivity (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.03 - 2.97; p 0.04) were also associated with poor treatment outcomes. Conclusions: High rates of poor outcomes among patients with newly diagnosed drug sensitive TB in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine highlight the urgent need for programmatic interventions, especially aimed at patients with the highest risk of poor outcomes.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis among economic migrants: A cross‐sectional study of the risk of poor treatment outcomes and impact of a treatment adherence intervention among temporary residents in an urban district in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luan Nguyen Quang Vo ◽  
Andrew James Codlin ◽  
Rachel Jeanette Forse ◽  
Hoa Trung Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Nguyen Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Lower Treatment ◽  
Adherence Support ◽  
Poor Treatment

Abstract Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of avoidable deaths. Economic migrants represent a vulnerable population due to their exposure to medical and social risk factors. These factors expose them to higher risks for TB incidence and poor treatment outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated WHO-defined TB treatment outcomes among economic migrants in an urban district of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. We measured the association of a patient’s government-defined residency status with treatment success and loss to follow-up categories at baseline and performed a comparative interrupted time series analysis to assess the impact of community-based adherence support on treatment outcomes. Results: Short-term, inter-province migrants experienced lower treatment success (aRR=0.95 [0.92-0.99], p=0.010) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR=1.98 [1.44-2.72], p<0.001) than permanent residents. Intra-province migrants were similarly more likely to be lost to follow-up (aOR=1.86 [1.03-3.36], p=0.041). There was evidence that patients >55 years of age (aRR=0.93 [0.89-0.96], p<0.001), relapse patients (aRR=0.89 [0.84-0.94], p<0.001), and retreatment patients (aRR=0.62 [0.52-0.75], p<0.001) had lower treatment success rates. TB/HIV co-infection was also associated with lower treatment success (aRR=0.77 [0.73-0.82], p<0.001) and higher loss to follow-up (aOR=2.18 [1.55-3.06], p<0.001). The provision of treatment adherence support increased treatment success (IRR(β 6 )=1.07 [1.00, 1.15], p=0.041) and reduced loss to follow-up (IRR(β 6 )=0.17 [0.04, 0.69], p=0.013) in the intervention districts. Loss to follow-up continued to decline throughout the post-implementation period (IRR(β 7 )=0.90 [0.83, 0.98], p=0.019). Conclusions: Economic migrants, particularly those crossing provincial borders, have higher risk of poor treatment outcomes and should be prioritized for tailored adherence support. In light of accelerating urbanization in many regions of Asia, implementation trials are needed to inform evidence-based design of strategies for this vulnerable population.

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