scholarly journals Epidemiology, evaluation and management of tinea pedis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohoud Adel Turkistani ◽  
Abdullah Ali Aljalfan ◽  
Meshal Mohammed Albaqami ◽  
Mohammad Mubarak Alajmi ◽  
Abdullaziz Mohammed Bahayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Oral Form ◽  
Dermatophyte Infection ◽  
Body Response

Tinea pedis, known as athletics foot, is defined as a dermatophyte infection leading to a condition called dermatophytosis. Usually, the mode of infection is fungal. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common organism which is responsible for the infection. This fungus is endemic in some geographical regions as in Asia and Africa. The mode of transmission and risk factors depends on several factors: the weather, type of clothes and shoes, body response to different organisms, present history, family history, and endemic geographical areas. Increased temperature and humidity were correlated in the literature to the increased incidence and prevalence of tinea pedis compared to those areas which have low temperature, wearing specific types of shoes or clothes might be associated with an increased rate of infection, especially if the shoes are adherent to the foot and occlusive, prolonged exposure to humidity and water was also shown to be among the causes for tinea pedis infections. The clinical presentation of tinea pods varies according to the site and severity of infection. Generally, antifungal drugs are effective in most cases. The application of antifungals may be in oral form or local form, or mixed form. Terbinafine was proven to be effective in mild cases to fully treat the infection within a period of one week, extending to four weeks in more aggressive cases. This was a brief look at the article. This article aimed to review tinea pedis from different prospections clinically.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Air Rebusan dan Air Perasan Lengkuas Merah (Alpinia purpurata K.schum) dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Trichophyton rubrum Jamur Penyebab Kutu Air (Tinea pedis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Eka Sulistianingsih ◽  
Mimi Sugiarti
Keyword(s):  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soles Of The Feet ◽  
Alpinia Purpurata ◽  
Growth Of Fungi ◽  
Boiled Water

<p><em>Tinea pedis</em> is dermatophytosis in the feet, especially between the fingers and soles of the feet. Chronic fungal infections in the form of peeling and skin rupture are the main manifestations, accompanied by pain and itching. Antifungal drugs have limitations, such as a narrow spectrum of antifungals, adverse effects on certain tissues and resistance to certain antifungals. One of the plants that are used for treatment is red-angled Galangal (<em>Alpinia purpurata K.Schum</em>). The research objective was to compare the effectiveness of boiled water and red galangal juice <em>(Alpinia purpurata K.schum)</em> in inhibiting the growth of fungus Trichophyton rubrum which causes water flea (<em>Tinea pedis</em>). The research was experimental with a completely randomized design (CRD) design. The independent variable is red galangal juice (<em>Alpinia purpurata K.schum</em>) and red galangal boiled water (<em>Alpinia purpurata K.schum</em>) with a concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80 %, 90%, 100% and the dependent variable is the growth of fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Data analysis used the ANOVA test, followed by the BNT test (Smallest Real Difference) and T-test.The results showed that red galangal boiled water (<em>Alpinia purpurata K.schum</em>) did not have the ability to inhibit the growth of Trichophyton rubrum fungi. Red galangal juice (<em>Alpinia purpurata K.schum</em>) has the ability to inhibit the growth of fungi Trichophyton rubrum and the minimum concentration that can inhibit the growth of fungi Trichophyton rubrum is 10% with a mean inhibitory zone of 24.37 mm.</p>

scholarly journals Estudio clinico micologico de onimicosis en ancianos

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayda Elena Rodriguez-Soto ◽  
Carlos Manuel Fernandez-Andreu ◽  
Sonia Moya Duque ◽  
Rosa María Rodriguez Diaz ◽  
Gerardo Martinez-Machin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum

Se realizó examen físico de las uñas a 210 ancianos y a aquellos que presentaron lesiones sugestivas de onicomicosis se les realizó toma de muestra con el objetivo de conocer los principales agentes causales, las características e incidencia de las lesiones. Se confirmó el diagnóstico mediante el aislamiento del agente causal en 74 de los casos procedentes principalmente de las uñas de los pies, para una incidencia de 35,2. La tinea pedis se presentó en el 25,7% de los casos, mientras que la enfermedad asociada más frecuente fue la Diabetes mellitus; entre las características clínicas de las uñas predominaron el engrosamiento, la pérdida del brillo y la aparición de estrías longitudinales. Existió una correspondencia significativa entre el examen microscópico directo y el cultivo. La especie de dermatofito predominate fue Trichophyton rubrum, mientras que Candida parapsilosis fue la más aislada entre las especies de Candida.

A STUDY OF CLINICALAND MYCOLOGICAL PROFILE OF TINEA INFECTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Thappeta Deepak Tony Raj ◽  
Vennapusa Sravan Kumar Reddy ◽  
Chappidi Bhargavi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
General Physical Examination ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
The World ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Dermatophyte Infection

INTRODUCTION: Dermatophytic infections, also known as ringworm, is one of the most common fungal infections of the skin around the world. The most common symptom seen with dermatophyte infection is pruritis. The varied presentation of tinea is often confusing with other skin diseases. It may be due to the irrational application of broad-spectrum steroid ointments and creams, leading to misdiagnosis and mismanagement. This study was begun to know the prevalence, clinical, and mycological prole of various dermatophytes OBJECTIVES OFTHE STUDY: 1.To study the prevalence of tinea infections. 2.To study the clinical presentation of patients with tinea infections. 3.To study the mycological prole of various tinea infections. METHODS: Clinical assessment was done, which include a detailed history, general physical examination, and examination of the lesion. After a complete review, the evaluation took place. Direct Microscopic Examination. Culture helps in the identication of species. CONCLUSION: To conclude, dermatophytosis is very common in India. It has been registered all over the world but with a different distribution, incidence, and epidemiology from location to location. Geographic location, climate, overcrowding, health care, immigration, personal and environmental hygiene, culture, and socioeconomic status have been attributed as major risk factors for these variations

Sanitization of Contaminated Footwear from Onychomycosis Patients Using Ozone Gas: A Novel Adjunct Therapy for Treating Onychomycosis and Tinea Pedis?

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya K. Gupta ◽  
William C. Brintnell
Keyword(s):  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Adjunct Therapy ◽  
Potential Source

Background: Ozone gas possesses antimicrobial properties against bacteria, viruses, and yeasts. Previously, we demonstrated the efficacy of ozone in killing ATCC strains of the dermatophyte fungi Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Objective: To test the efficacy of ozone gas in sanitizing onychomycosis patient footwear contaminated with fungal material as a means of minimizing the risk of reinfection. Methods: Swabs of footwear from onychomycosis patients were cultured prior to and after ozone exposure to test the ability of ozone to sanitize these items. Results: We identified contamination of footwear from most onychomycosis patients, a potential source of reinfection in these individuals. Furthermore, ozone gas was effective in sanitizing contaminated footwear. Conclusion: Ozone gas is effective in sanitizing footwear and represents a novel adjunct therapy to be used in conjunction with antifungal medications and/or devices to better treat onychomycosis and tinea pedis patients in both the short and the long term.

scholarly journals Chronic granulomatous invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in Nigeria: challenges of management

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1417
Author(s):  
Chinyere N. Asoegwu ◽  
Rita O. Oladele ◽  
Okezie O. Kanu ◽  
Clement C. Nwawolo
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic granulomatous invasive fungal rhinosinusitis affects mainly immunocompetent patients and has been widely reported in tropical regions such as South East Asia and North Africa. Nigeria has a tropical climate, however, there is paucity of data on this disease condition in Nigeria. This study documents the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic challenges of managing patients with this condition in Nigeria.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study of patients diagnosed and treated for chronic granulomatous invasive fungal rhinosinusitis between 2010 and 2019. Diagnosis was based on clinical presentation, computed tomographic scan findings and confirmed by histopathology and/or microbiology results.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Ten patients aged 12 to 49 years with mean age of 33.9±13.8 years were studied. Male to female ratio was 2.3:1. All were immunocompetent. Duration of symptoms before presentation ranged from 3 months to 8 years with a mean duration of 3.5±2.4 years. Commonest clinical presentation was unilateral proptosis 80% followed by nasal mass 50%. Commonest sinus involved was the ethmoid (80%). There was orbital extension in 70% and intracranial involvement in 50%. Aspergillus species was the commonest fungal agent cultured. Treatment was by surgical excision followed by antifungal drugs. Some of the challenges we encountered in the management included; late presentation, delay in diagnosis, limited experience in histopathologic and mycology diagnosis and high cost of treatment amidst scarce resource.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chronic invasive granulomatous rhinosinusitis is not rare in Nigeria. A high index of suspicion is however needed for the diagnosis. Development of a National management protocol for this disease is recommended to avoid misdiagnosis.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanoparticles Are Similar to Efinaconazole in Their Capacity to Eradicate Trichophyton rubrum Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi ◽  
Luis R. Martinez ◽  
Níura Madalena Bila ◽  
Joel M. Friedman ◽  
Adam J. Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Nitric Oxide Releasing

Filamentous fungi such as Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes, the main causative agents of onychomycosis, have been recognized as biofilm-forming microorganisms. Nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles (NO-np) are currently in development for the management of superficial and deep bacterial and fungal infections, with documented activity against biofilms. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the in vitro anti-T. rubrum biofilm potential of NO-np using standard ATCC MYA-4438 and clinical BR1A strains and compare it to commonly used antifungal drugs including fluconazole, terbinafine and efinaconazole. The biofilms formed by the standard strain produced more biomass than those from the clinical strain. NO-np, fluconazole, terbinafine, and efinaconazole inhibited the in vitro growth of planktonic T. rubrum cells. Similarly, NO-np reduced the metabolic activities of clinical strain BR1A preformed biofilms at the highest concentration tested (SMIC50 = 40 mg/mL). Scanning electron and confocal microscopy revealed that NO-np and efinaconazole severely damaged established biofilms for both strains, resulting in collapse of hyphal cell walls and reduced the density, extracellular matrix and thickness of the biofilms. These findings suggest that biofilms should be considered when developing and testing new drugs for the treatment of dermatophytosis. Development of a biofilm phenotype by these fungi may explain the resistance of dermatophytes to some antifungals and why prolonged treatment is usually required for onychomycosis.

scholarly journals Candida parapsilosis: from Genes to the Bedside

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Tóth ◽  
Jozef Nosek ◽  
Héctor M. Mora-Montes ◽  
Toni Gabaldon ◽  
Joseph M. Bliss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antifungal Drug Resistance ◽  
Geographical Regions

SUMMARYPatients with suppressed immunity are at the highest risk for hospital-acquired infections. Among these, invasive candidiasis is the most prevalent systemic fungal nosocomial infection. Over recent decades, the combined prevalence of non-albicans Candidaspecies outrankedCandida albicansinfections in several geographical regions worldwide, highlighting the need to understand their pathobiology in order to develop effective treatment and to prevent future outbreaks.Candida parapsilosisis the second or third most frequently isolatedCandidaspecies from patients. Besides being highly prevalent, its biology differs markedly from that ofC. albicans, which may be associated withC. parapsilosis’ increased incidence. Differences in virulence, regulatory and antifungal drug resistance mechanisms, and the patient groups at risk indicate that conclusions drawn fromC. albicanspathobiology cannot be simply extrapolated toC. parapsilosis. Such species-specific characteristics may also influence their recognition and elimination by the host and the efficacy of antifungal drugs. Due to the availability of high-throughput, state-of-the-art experimental tools and molecular genetic methods adapted toC. parapsilosis, genome and transcriptome studies are now available that greatly contribute to our understanding of what makes this species a threat. In this review, we summarize 10 years of findings onC. parapsilosispathogenesis, including the species’ genetic properties, transcriptome studies, host responses, and molecular mechanisms of virulence. Antifungal susceptibility studies and clinician perspectives are discussed. We also present regional incidence reports in order to provide an updated worldwide epidemiology summary.

scholarly journals Regional Differences in Antifungal Susceptibility of the Prevalent Dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70
Author(s):  
Y. Jiang ◽  
W. Luo ◽  
P. E. Verweij ◽  
Y. Song ◽  
B. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility Testing

AbstractIn vitro susceptibility testing for Trichophyton rubrum has shown resistance to terbinafine, azoles and amorolfine, locally, but epidemiological cutoffs are not available. In order to assess the appropriateness of current first-line antifungal treatment for T. rubrum in China, we characterized antifungal susceptibility patterns of Chinese T. rubrum strains to nine antifungals and also described the upper limits of wild-type (WT) minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) (UL-WT) based on our study and another six studies published during the last decades. Sixty-two clinical isolates originating from seven provinces in China were identified as T. rubrum sensu stricto; all Chinese strains showed low MICs to eight out of nine antifungal drugs. Terbinafine (TBF) showed the lowest MICs of all antifungal classes tested in both the Chinese and global groups, with a 97.5% UL-WT MIC-value of 0.03 mg/L. No non-WT isolates were observed for TBF in China, but were reported in 18.5% of the global group. Our study indicated that TBF was still the most active drug for Chinese T. rubrum isolates, and all strains were within the WT-population. TBF therefore remains recommended for primary therapy to dermatophytosis caused by T. rubrum in China now, but regular surveillance of dermatophytes and antifungal susceptibility is recommended.

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