scholarly journals Efektivitas Air Rebusan dan Air Perasan Lengkuas Merah (Alpinia purpurata K.schum) dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Trichophyton rubrum Jamur Penyebab Kutu Air (Tinea pedis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Eka Sulistianingsih ◽  
Mimi Sugiarti
Keyword(s):  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soles Of The Feet ◽  
Alpinia Purpurata ◽  
Growth Of Fungi ◽  
Boiled Water

<p><em>Tinea pedis</em> is dermatophytosis in the feet, especially between the fingers and soles of the feet. Chronic fungal infections in the form of peeling and skin rupture are the main manifestations, accompanied by pain and itching. Antifungal drugs have limitations, such as a narrow spectrum of antifungals, adverse effects on certain tissues and resistance to certain antifungals. One of the plants that are used for treatment is red-angled Galangal (<em>Alpinia purpurata K.Schum</em>). The research objective was to compare the effectiveness of boiled water and red galangal juice <em>(Alpinia purpurata K.schum)</em> in inhibiting the growth of fungus Trichophyton rubrum which causes water flea (<em>Tinea pedis</em>). The research was experimental with a completely randomized design (CRD) design. The independent variable is red galangal juice (<em>Alpinia purpurata K.schum</em>) and red galangal boiled water (<em>Alpinia purpurata K.schum</em>) with a concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80 %, 90%, 100% and the dependent variable is the growth of fungus Trichophyton rubrum. Data analysis used the ANOVA test, followed by the BNT test (Smallest Real Difference) and T-test.The results showed that red galangal boiled water (<em>Alpinia purpurata K.schum</em>) did not have the ability to inhibit the growth of Trichophyton rubrum fungi. Red galangal juice (<em>Alpinia purpurata K.schum</em>) has the ability to inhibit the growth of fungi Trichophyton rubrum and the minimum concentration that can inhibit the growth of fungi Trichophyton rubrum is 10% with a mean inhibitory zone of 24.37 mm.</p>

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanoparticles Are Similar to Efinaconazole in Their Capacity to Eradicate Trichophyton rubrum Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi ◽  
Luis R. Martinez ◽  
Níura Madalena Bila ◽  
Joel M. Friedman ◽  
Adam J. Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Nitric Oxide Releasing

Filamentous fungi such as Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes, the main causative agents of onychomycosis, have been recognized as biofilm-forming microorganisms. Nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles (NO-np) are currently in development for the management of superficial and deep bacterial and fungal infections, with documented activity against biofilms. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the in vitro anti-T. rubrum biofilm potential of NO-np using standard ATCC MYA-4438 and clinical BR1A strains and compare it to commonly used antifungal drugs including fluconazole, terbinafine and efinaconazole. The biofilms formed by the standard strain produced more biomass than those from the clinical strain. NO-np, fluconazole, terbinafine, and efinaconazole inhibited the in vitro growth of planktonic T. rubrum cells. Similarly, NO-np reduced the metabolic activities of clinical strain BR1A preformed biofilms at the highest concentration tested (SMIC50 = 40 mg/mL). Scanning electron and confocal microscopy revealed that NO-np and efinaconazole severely damaged established biofilms for both strains, resulting in collapse of hyphal cell walls and reduced the density, extracellular matrix and thickness of the biofilms. These findings suggest that biofilms should be considered when developing and testing new drugs for the treatment of dermatophytosis. Development of a biofilm phenotype by these fungi may explain the resistance of dermatophytes to some antifungals and why prolonged treatment is usually required for onychomycosis.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, evaluation and management of tinea pedis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohoud Adel Turkistani ◽  
Abdullah Ali Aljalfan ◽  
Meshal Mohammed Albaqami ◽  
Mohammad Mubarak Alajmi ◽  
Abdullaziz Mohammed Bahayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Oral Form ◽  
Dermatophyte Infection ◽  
Body Response

Tinea pedis, known as athletics foot, is defined as a dermatophyte infection leading to a condition called dermatophytosis. Usually, the mode of infection is fungal. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common organism which is responsible for the infection. This fungus is endemic in some geographical regions as in Asia and Africa. The mode of transmission and risk factors depends on several factors: the weather, type of clothes and shoes, body response to different organisms, present history, family history, and endemic geographical areas. Increased temperature and humidity were correlated in the literature to the increased incidence and prevalence of tinea pedis compared to those areas which have low temperature, wearing specific types of shoes or clothes might be associated with an increased rate of infection, especially if the shoes are adherent to the foot and occlusive, prolonged exposure to humidity and water was also shown to be among the causes for tinea pedis infections. The clinical presentation of tinea pods varies according to the site and severity of infection. Generally, antifungal drugs are effective in most cases. The application of antifungals may be in oral form or local form, or mixed form. Terbinafine was proven to be effective in mild cases to fully treat the infection within a period of one week, extending to four weeks in more aggressive cases. This was a brief look at the article. This article aimed to review tinea pedis from different prospections clinically.

scholarly journals Dermatophytoses in children: study of 137 cases

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurimar C. FERNANDES ◽  
Tiyomi AKITI ◽  
Maria da Glória C. BARREIROS
Keyword(s):  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Tinea Unguium ◽  
The Third ◽  
Few Data

Dermatophytoses are common fungal infections caused by dermatophytes but there are few data about this condition in the childhood. 137 children below the age of 12 and clinically diagnosed as tineas were investigated prospectively at Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria, Rio de Janeiro, from 1994 to 1999. Hair, skin/nails scraping and pus swabs were collected from lesions and processed for fungus. Male children from 2 to 12 years were mostly affected; tinea capitis (78 cases) mainly caused by Microsporum canis (46 cases) was the most common clinical form. Tinea corporis (43 cases) mainly caused by Trichophyton rubrum (17 cases) accounted for the second most frequent clinical form. Tinea cruris (10 cases) with Trichophyton rubrum (5 cases) as the most common etiologic agent accounted for the third most frequent clinical form. Tinea pedis and tinea unguium were much less frequent (3 cases each). Trichophyton rubrum was the most common etiologic agent isolated in these cases (3 cases).

scholarly journals Two Feet-One Hand Syndrome: A Case Report / Sindrom dva stopala i jedne šake – prikaz slučaja

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Bjekić
Keyword(s):  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Dorsal Aspect ◽  
Tinea Manus ◽  
Mycological Examination ◽  
The Right

Abstract Two feet-one hand syndrome is a superficial fungal infections of the skin which involves both feet and one hand. Trichophyton rubrum and occasionally Trichophyton mentagrophytes are the usual causative organisms. We present a 32-year-old healthy man with sharply demarcated papular erythematous and squamous lesions on dorsal aspect of the feet and diffuse dry scaling lesions of the right palm. In this syndrome, the development of tinea pedis generally precedes the development of tinea manus, which usually occurs on the hand that excoriated the pruritic feet or picked the toenails with onychomycosis. Our patient often used his dominant right hand to scratch the feet. On mycological examination, fungal spores and mycelia were present and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was isolated. The patient was treated with itraconazole 200 mg daily for two weeks and topical terbinafine cream for four weeks. After the treatment all lesions resolved and fungal culture was negative. Early diagnoses and treatment of tinea pedis and education about prophylaxis, constant care and regular medical assistance would minimize this problem in predisposed individuals.

Potential of Nanoparticles in Combating Candida Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizan Abul Qais ◽  
Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan ◽  
Iqbal Ahmad ◽  
Abdullah Safar Althubiani
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Made In

Aims: The aim of this review is to survey the recent progress made in developing the nanoparticles as antifungal agents especially the nano-based formulations being exploited for the management of Candida infections. Discussion: In the last few decades, there has been many-fold increase in fungal infections including candidiasis due to the increased number of immunocompromised patients worldwide. The efficacy of available antifungal drugs is limited due to its associated toxicity and drug resistance in clinical strains. The recent advancements in nanobiotechnology have opened a new hope for the development of novel formulations with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improved drug delivery and low toxicity. Conclusion: Metal nanoparticles have shown to possess promising in vitro antifungal activities and could be effectively used for enhanced and targeted delivery of conventionally used drugs. The synergistic interaction between nanoparticles and various antifungal agents have also been reported with enhanced antifungal activity.

Efficacy of Novel Schiff base Derivatives as Antifungal Compounds in Combination with Approved Drugs Against Candida Albicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manzoor Ahmad Malik ◽  
Shabir Ahmad Lone ◽  
Parveez Gull ◽  
Ovas Ahmad Dar ◽  
Mohmmad Younus Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Total Sterol ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Schiff Base Derivatives

Background: The increasing incidence of fungal infections, especially caused by Candida albicans, and their increasing drug resistance has drastically increased in recent years. Therefore, not only new drugs but also alternative treatment strategies are promptly required. Methods: We previously reported on the synergistic interaction of some azole and non-azole compounds with fluconazole for combination antifungal therapy. In this study, we synthesized some non-azole Schiff-base derivatives and evaluated their antifungal activity profile alone and in combination with the most commonly used antifungal drugs- fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B (AmB) against four drug susceptible, three FLC resistant and three AmB resistant clinically isolated Candida albicans strains. To further analyze the mechanism of antifungal action of these compounds, we quantified total sterol contents in FLC-susceptible and resistant C. albicans isolates. Results: A pyrimidine ring-containing derivative SB5 showed the most potent antifungal activity against all the tested strains. After combining these compounds with FLC and AmB, 76% combinations were either synergistic or additive while as the rest of the combinations were indifferent. Interestingly, none of the combinations was antagonistic, either with FLC or AmB. Results interpreted from fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) and isobolograms revealed 4-10-fold reduction in MIC values for synergistic combinations. These compounds also inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, supported by the results from docking studies. Conclusion: The results of the studies conducted advocate the potential of these compounds as new antifungal drugs. However, further studies are required to understand the other mechanisms and in vivo efficacy and toxicity of these compounds.

scholarly journals Herbal Products and Their Active Constituents Used Alone and in Combination with Antifungal Drugs against Drug-Resistant Candida sp.

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Anna Herman ◽  
Andrzej Przemysław Herman
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Current State

Clinical isolates of Candida yeast are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infections resistant to certain antifungal drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to detect more effective antifungal agents that would be successful in overcoming such infections. Among them are some herbal products and their active constituents.The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge onherbal products and their active constituents havingantifungal activity against drug-resistant Candida sp. used alone and in combination with antifungal drugs.The possible mechanisms of their action on drug-resistant Candida sp. including (1) inhibition of budding yeast transformation into hyphae; (2) inhibition of biofilm formation; (3) inhibition of cell wall or cytoplasmic membrane biosynthesis; (4) ROS production; and (5) over-expression of membrane transporters will be also described.

scholarly journals Reinforcing the Immunocompromised Host Defense against Fungi: Progress beyond the Current State of the Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Georgios Karavalakis ◽  
Evangelia Yannaki ◽  
Anastasia Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Cell Immunotherapy ◽  
Life Threatening

Despite the availability of a variety of antifungal drugs, opportunistic fungal infections still remain life-threatening for immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation or solid organ transplantation. Suboptimal efficacy, toxicity, development of resistant variants and recurrent episodes are limitations associated with current antifungal drug therapy. Adjunctive immunotherapies reinforcing the host defense against fungi and aiding in clearance of opportunistic pathogens are continuously gaining ground in this battle. Here, we review alternative approaches for the management of fungal infections going beyond the state of the art and placing an emphasis on fungus-specific T cell immunotherapy. Harnessing the power of T cells in the form of adoptive immunotherapy represents the strenuous protagonist of the current immunotherapeutic approaches towards combating invasive fungal infections. The progress that has been made over the last years in this field and remaining challenges as well, will be discussed.

Opportunistic yeast pathogen Candida spp.: Secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Jie Lim ◽  
Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali ◽  
Suriana Sabri ◽  
Noor Dina Muhd Noor ◽  
Abu Bakar Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Aspartyl Proteinases

Abstract Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida spp. especially Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Although the medicinal therapeutic strategies have rapidly improved, the mortality rate due to candidiasis has continuously increased. The secreted and membrane-bound virulence factors (VFs) are responsible for fungal invasion, damage and translocation through the host enterocytes besides the evasion from host immune system. VFs such as agglutinin-like sequences (Als), heat shock protein 70, phospholipases, secreted aspartyl proteinases (Sap), lipases, enolases and phytases are mostly hydrolases which degrade the enterocyte membrane components except for candidalysin, the VF acts as a peptide toxin to induce necrotic cell lysis. To date, structural studies of the VFs remain underexplored, hindering their functional analyses. Among the VFs, only secreted aspartyl proteinases and agglutinin-like sequences have their structures deposited in Protein Data Bank (PDB). Therefore, this review scrutinizes the mechanisms of these VFs by discussing the VF-deficient studies of several Candida spp. and their abilities to produce these VFs. Nonetheless, their latest reported sequential and structural analyses are discussed to impart a wider perception of the host-pathogen interactions and potential vaccine or antifungal drug targets. This review signifies that more VFs structural investigations and mining in the emerging Candida spp. are required to decipher their pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms compared to the prominent C. albicans. Lay Abstract Candida virulence factors (VFs) including mainly enzymes and proteins play vital roles in breaching the human intestinal barrier and causing deadly candidiasis. Limited VFs’ structural studies hinder deeper comprehension of their mechanisms and thus the design of vaccines and antifungal drugs against fungal infections.

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