scholarly journals Diagnostic utility of saliva and its implication in detection of Covid-19 and other diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Rakhi M Chandak ◽  
Shivlal M Rawlani ◽  
Pranali S Thakare ◽  
Ramhari S Sathawane ◽  
Ashish B Lanjekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Viral Load Monitoring ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Saliva Collection

Saliva is a valuable tool for early detection, better treatment, and a better prognosis. Early detection of illnesses is sometimes challenging, and it necessitates additional clinical and laboratory tests, which can delay treatment and have a significant impact on prognosis. A large range of chemicals may be found in saliva, providing useful information for clinical diagnostic purposes.The coronavirus disease pandemic (Covid-19) is the world's largest challenge and global health disaster since World War II. Controlling the epidemic in the community and in hospitals requires a quick and precise diagnosis of Covid-19. For Covid-19 diagnostic testing, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs are the suggested specimen types.The collection of these specimens necessitates intimate contact between healthcare staff and patients, which increases the risk of viral transmission. As a result, nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs are not recommended for sequential viral load monitoring. Saliva specimens are simply collected by having the patient spit into a sterile container. Saliva collection is non-invasive and significantly reduces healthcare personnel' exposure to Covid-19. To develop quick chair side assays for the detection of Covid-19, more study is needed to investigate the potential diagnostic of Covid-19 in saliva.

scholarly journals COVID-19 salivary signature: diagnostic and research opportunities

2020 ◽  
pp. jclinpath-2020-206834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak Sapkota ◽  
Tine Merete Søland ◽  
Hilde Kanli Galtung ◽  
Lars Peter Sand ◽  
Simone Giannecchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Saliva Collection ◽  
Personnel Safety ◽  
Degrees Of Severity

The COVID-19 (caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) epidemic started in Wuhan (Hubei Province, China) in mid-December 2019 and quickly spread across the world as a pandemic. As a key to tracing the disease and to implement strategies aimed at breaking the chain of disease transmission, extensive testing for SARS-CoV-2 was suggested. Although nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs are the most commonly used biological samples for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, they have a number of limitations related to sample collection and healthcare personnel safety. In this context, saliva is emerging as a promising alternative to nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring. Saliva collection, being a non-invasive approach with possibility for self-collection, circumvents to a great extent the limitations associated with the use of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs. In addition, various salivary biomarkers including the salivary metabolomics offer a high promise to be useful for better understanding of COVID-19 and possibly in the identification of patients with various degrees of severity, including asymptomatic carriers. This review summarises the clinical and scientific basis for the potential use of saliva for COVID-19 diagnosis and disease monitoring. Additionally, we discuss saliva-based biomarkers and their potential clinical and research applications related to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Exploring personalized postoperative non-invasive tissue oximetry in DIEP flap breast reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk A. M. A. Lindelauf ◽  
Nousjka P. A. Vranken ◽  
Rutger M. Schols ◽  
Esther A. C. Bouman ◽  
Patrick W. Weerwind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Diep Flap ◽  
Baseline Measurement ◽  
Flap Surgery ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Vascular Compromise ◽  
Tissue Oximetry

Abstract Early detection of vascular compromise after autologous breast reconstruction is crucial to enable timely re-exploration for flap salvage. Several studies proposed non-invasive tissue oximetry for early identification of ischemia of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps. The present study aimed to explore the utility of non-invasive tissue oximetry following DIEP flap surgery using a personalized oxygenation threshold. Methods Patients undergoing immediate/delayed DIEP flap surgery were included in this prospective observational study. DIEP flap tissue oxygenation (StO2) was monitored continuously using near-infrared spectroscopy. A baseline measurement was performed by positioning one sensor at the marked position of the major inferior epigastric perforator on the abdomen. A new sensor was positioned postoperatively on the transplanted tissue. In unilateral procedures, postoperative StO2 values of the native breast were also obtained. Measurements were continued for 24 h. Results Thirty patients (42 flaps) were included. Fourteen patients (46.7%) had an uncomplicated postoperative course. A minor complication was observed in thirteen patients; in five patients, at least one major complication occurred, requiring re-exploration. Median StO2 readings were significantly lower in patients with major complications compared to uncomplicated cases. In fourteen unilateral DIEP flap procedures, StO2 values of the native breast were similar to the preoperative baseline measurement (92%; p = 0.452). Conclusions Non-invasive tissue oximetry following DIEP flap surgery could aid in early detection of vascular compromise. StO2 values of the native breast and abdominal wall preoperatively can be used interchangeably and can serve as personalized reference value. Level of evidence: Level IV, diagnostic / prognostic study.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Wearable Devices for Non-Invasive Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Su Min Yun ◽  
Moohyun Kim ◽  
Yong Won Kwon ◽  
Hyobeom Kim ◽  
Mi Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wearable Systems ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

The development of wearable sensors is aimed at enabling continuous real-time health monitoring, which leads to timely and precise diagnosis anytime and anywhere. Unlike conventional wearable sensors that are somewhat bulky, rigid, and planar, research for next-generation wearable sensors has been focused on establishing fully-wearable systems. To attain such excellent wearability while providing accurate and reliable measurements, fabrication strategies should include (1) proper choices of materials and structural designs, (2) constructing efficient wireless power and data transmission systems, and (3) developing highly-integrated sensing systems. Herein, we discuss recent advances in wearable devices for non-invasive sensing, with focuses on materials design, nano/microfabrication, sensors, wireless technologies, and the integration of those.

Quantitative viral load monitoring and cidofovir therapy for the management of BK virus-associated nephropathy in children and adults1

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Vats ◽  
Ron Shapiro ◽  
Parmjeet Singh Randhawa ◽  
Velma Scantlebury ◽  
Acar Tuzuner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Viral Load Monitoring ◽  
Load Monitoring

HIV-1 RNA Viral Load Monitoring in HIV-Infected Drug Users on Antiretroviral Therapy

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-274
Author(s):  
Christine Laine ◽  
Daozhi Zhang ◽  
Walter W. Hauck ◽  
Barbara J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Viral Load Monitoring ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Proof of Life: Mark-Making Practices on the Island of Alderney

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-254
Author(s):  
Caroline Sturdy Colls ◽  
Rachel Bolton-King ◽  
Kevin Colls ◽  
Tim Harris ◽  
Czelsie Weston
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Human Life ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Conflict Archaeology ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Translation Services

Currently, mark-making practices as a form of identification and proof of life are an unrealized resource. Over a three-year period, systematic walkover surveys were conducted on and within fortifications and other structures on the island of Alderney to locate historic and modern marks. The investigations presented in this article demonstrate the importance of non-invasive recording and examination of marks to identify evidence connected to forced and slave labourers, and soldiers present on the island of Alderney during the German occupation in World War II. Names, hand and footwear impressions, slogans, artworks, dates, and counting mechanisms were recorded electronically and investigated by using international databases, archives, and translation services. We discuss the value and challenges of interpreting traces of human life in the contexts of conflict archaeology and missing person investigations and underline the need for greater recognition of marks as evidence of past lives.

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