scholarly journals Misplaced IUCD

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-403
Author(s):  
M. P Kinker ◽  
Abhilasha Kinker
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Intrauterine Devices ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Effective Contraceptive

The intra uterine device (IUD) is a popular family planning method worldwide. Some of the complications associated with the insertion of an IUD are well described in the literature. The frequency of IUD perforation is estimated to be between 0.05 & 1B per 1000 insertions. There are many reports of migrated intrauterine devices, but for fewer reports of IUDs which have penetrated into the rectum. Among the options available the multi-year cost of the copper T380A. IUD makes it one of the most cost-effective contraceptive options available. According to the World Health Organization Medical Eligibility Criteria, an IUCD can be inserted in the 48 hours postpartum, referred to here as Postpartum IUCD (PPIUCD), or after four weeks following a birth. With increased use of intra-uterine devices (IUDs) for contraception, an increase in the number of related problems are reported. A frequent clinical problem is the loss of filament at the external cervical os, the ‘lost tail’. The disappearance of the string or marker heralds potential problems such as retracted or turn off tail, misplacement within the cavity, intra-mural penetration or extra-uterine location.

scholarly journals Scoping review of the World Health Organization’s underlying equity discourses: apparent ambiguities, inadequacy, and contradictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Amri ◽  
Geneviève Jessiman-Perreault ◽  
Arjumand Siddiqi ◽  
Patricia O’Campo ◽  
Theresa Enright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background and objective Given the heightened rhetorical prominence the World Health Organization has afforded to equity in the past half-century, it is important to better understand how equity has been referred to and its conceptual underpinning, which may have broader global implications. Eligibility criteria Articles were included if they met inclusion criteria — chiefly the explicit discussion of the WHO’s concept of health equity, for example in terms of conceptualization and/or definitions. Articles which mentioned health equity in the context of WHO’s programs, policies, and so on, but did not discuss its conceptualization or definition were excluded. Sources of evidence We focused on peer-reviewed literature by scanning Ovid MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases, and supplementing by hand-search. Results Results demonstrate the WHO has held — and continues to hold — ambiguous, inadequate, and contradictory views of equity that are rooted in different theories of social justice. Conclusions Moving forward, the WHO should revaluate its conceptualization of equity and normative position, and align its work with Amartya Sen’s Capabilities Approach, as it best encapsulates the broader views of the organization. Further empirical research is needed to assess the WHO interpretations and approaches to equity.

Fighting the SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic with Soap

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Nabina Chaudhary ◽  
Manis Dahal ◽  
Biswash Guragain ◽  
Sumie Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Effectiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Unique Chemical

Today, the entire globe is struggling to deal with the greatest pandemic of the century, COVID-19. With no clinically approved treatments available, we are left with no options other than following the preventive measures issued by the World Health Organization (WHO). Among many others, hand washing with soap and water has been emphasized the most because it is cost-effective and easily accessible to the general public. Various studies have reported that soaps offer unique chemical properties that can disinfect the virus as a whole. However, there is still ambiguity in the general public about whether soaps can really shield us from this highly contagious disease. In an attempt to help eliminate the ambiguity, we analyzed the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of soap and its prospect for preventing the spread of COVID-19. In this paper, we have provided an overview of the history and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), the detailed mechanisms of the deactivation of viruses by soaps, and the potential effectiveness of soap in eliminating coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Family planning services and programmes in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-624
Author(s):  
L. O. Chichakli ◽  
H. K. Atrash ◽  
A. S. Musani ◽  
J. T. Johnson ◽  
R. Mahaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Region Data ◽  
Health Organization

This paper presents the findings of a 1999 survey of 19 countries of the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region on the family planning services and programmes in the Region. Data were collected using a questionnaire which explored the following areas: the presence of population or family planning policies and family planning activities, the family planning services available, promotional and educational activities on family planning, quality assurance, family planning data collection, analysis and dissemination, and the use of such information. The results indicate that 13 of the countries have national policies on population and family planning but even in those that do not, family planning services are widely available. The scope of the services provided varied. There is still a need to implement or strengthen family planning programmes in the Region, a need which is recognized by the countries themselves

scholarly journals Breeding and agronomic approaches for the biofortification of zinc in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to combat zinc deficiency in millions of a population: a Bangladesh perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpi Das ◽  
Apurbo Kumar Chaki ◽  
Akbar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
World Health ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Maize Research Institute

The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that around 2 billion people across the globe are suffering from “hidden hunger”, where 815 million are under malnutrition. The major essential elements for humans are Fe, Zn, I, Se, Ca, F, and also vitamins. Among them, Zn is considered in the fifth place leading to causes of several deficiency diseases. At least one-third of the population in the world is facing Zn deficiency including around 450,000 children under the age of five. Vitamin A, Fe, and Zn deficiencies can be overcome through the biofortification of staple foodstuffs. This review emphasizes various breeding and agronomic approaches for the biofortification of Zn in wheat grains, which is an encouraging and cost-effective method to enhance the Zn contents of cereal grains. Recently, the Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI), with technical support from CIMMYT, Mexico, released a promising new Zn-biofortified wheat cultivar, ‘BARI Gom 33’, a result from a conventional breeding program. It has 32 and 50–55 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> Zn without and with soil application of ZnSO<sub>4</sub>, respectively. This cultivar could be a savior for a million people in South Asia, including Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Panorama of Orthodontics after COVID-19: A critical literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e924998103
Author(s):  
Andressa Cavalcanti Pires ◽  
Smyrna Luiza Ximenes de Souza ◽  
Alessandro Leite Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Critical Literature

A new Coronavirus (2019-nCov, renamed SARS-CoV-2) was identified in the Chinese city of Wuhan in late 2019, and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, on March 11, 2020. As it is a highly infectious disease, major regional and national changes have been made, social isolation was recommended, which led to the interruption of various services, including elective dental treatments. This review aimed to identify the changes that occurred in the post-COVID-19 orthodontic practice scenario. For such, a search was made for articles published in the bibliographic bases PubMed, Scopus and SciELO, using the keywords “Orthodontics” and “Covid-19”. From the eligibility criteria, 11 articles were selected for analysis. It was found that social isolation impacted the scheduling of orthodontic appointments and patient’s anxiety about the duration of treatments. The use of teleodontology proved to be an ally in screening and in patient care. Preventive infection control must be adopted for safe orthodontic practice.

Rheumatic Fever Prevention in Industrializing Countries: Problems and Approaches

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-998
Author(s):  
Rachel Snitcowsky
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Group A ◽  
Health Organization

Editor's Note The problems resulting from Group A streptococcal infections remain largely unsolved in many of the industrialized countries of the world at the close of the 20th century. The fact that Group A streptococcal infections had assumed almost the role of a nuisance in the United States and Europe, before the beginning of the mid-1980s and 1990s resurgence, stands in marked contrast to the spectrum of streptococcal-related diseases in other parts of the world. Confirmatory epidemiologic data are often difficult to locate, but there is little doubt about the existence and the general magnitude of the problem. Because of this, the World Health Organization (WHO) has targeted Group A streptococcal infections and their sequelae for additional attention. During the last decade the WHO has invested considerable effort toward their control. The need for cost-effective primary and secondary rheumatic fever public health prevention programs is greater in those countries where the magnitude of the problem may be inversely proportional to available resources. Approaches considered routine in North America, in Europe, and in some countries of Latin America and Asia often are nonexistent in industrializing countries where as little as less than $5 per person per year may be reserved for total health care. With these issues in mind, the following perspective was invited to bring these unique problems related to Group A streptococcal infections and their sequelae into focus and to offer suggestions for realistic approaches under less than ideal conditions. We are grateful to Dr Snitcowsky for her comments.

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