Cross-Border Payments with Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Allende López ◽  
Antonio Leal Batista
Keyword(s):  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Currency Exchange ◽  
Front End ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
Technical Advice ◽  
The U.S

This document describes the proof-of-concept (PoC) developed by the Inter-American Development Bank, the IDB Lab, LACChain, the Citi Bank Innovations Labs, and ioBuilders to demonstrate cross-border payments between entities in different countries that involve currency exchange, using digital money represented by tokens -tokenized money- in the LACChain Besu Blockchain Network. For this PoC, Citi Bank played the role of the bank holding the funds; the IDBs headquarters in the U.S. played the role of the sender of tokenized dollars; an individual in Dominican Republic played the role of recipient of tokenized Dominican pesos; LACChain provided the blockchain infrastructure and developed the back end, the smart contracts and the integrations; and ioBuilders provided technical advice and developed the front end.

scholarly journals Using Blockchain Technology to Manage Clinical Trials Data: A Proof-of-Concept Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Maslove ◽  
Jacob Klein ◽  
Kathryn Brohman ◽  
Patrick Martin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Drug Companies ◽  
System P ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
Network Functions

BACKGROUND Blockchain technology is emerging as an innovative tool in data and software security. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the role of blockchain in supporting clinical trials data management and develop a proof-of-concept implementation of a patient-facing and researcher-facing system. METHODS Blockchain-based Smart Contracts were built using the Ethereum platform. RESULTS We described BlockTrial, a system that uses a Web-based interface to allow users to run trials-related Smart Contracts on an Ethereum network. Functions allow patients to grant researchers access to their data and allow researchers to submit queries for data that are stored off chain. As a type of distributed ledger, the system generates a durable and transparent log of these and other transactions. BlockTrial could be used to increase the trustworthiness of data collected during clinical research with benefits to researchers, regulators, and drug companies alike. In addition, the system could empower patients to become more active and fully informed partners in research. CONCLUSIONS Blockchain technology presents an opportunity to address some of the common threats to the integrity of data collected in clinical trials and ensure that the analysis of these data comply with prespecified plans. Further technical work is needed to add additional functions. Policies must be developed to determine the optimal models for participation in the system by its various stakeholders.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Issa Kohler-Hausmann
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Front End ◽  
The U.S

This introductory chapter gives a brief overview of “misdemeanorland” and how it is studied. “Misdemeanorland” is a colloquialism used by people who work in the courts that receive the large volume of cases generated by New York City's signature policing tactics. The term designates a jurisdictional and physical space where these cases are processed. Within the context of the city's Broken Window enforcement, the expression “misdemeanorland” also signifies the widely shared notion that there is something unique about the operations of justice in the subfelony world. Many social science and media accounts of the U.S. criminal justice system tend to address either the back or front end of the system. In the age of mass incarceration, much public and scholarly focus has been directed at the back end, at what many of us assume to be the end point of most arrests: prison or jail. But between police and jails stands an institution assigned the role of deciding which people identified by police will end up in jail, prison, or elsewhere: the criminal court.

Cross-Border Testifying Tips: U.S. Experts in Canada and Canadian Experts in the U.S.

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 470-473
Author(s):  
Alison Vredenburgh ◽  
Jason Young ◽  
David Liske ◽  
Stephen Young
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Client Expectations ◽  
Theoretical Evidence ◽  
Forensic Testimony ◽  
The U.S

Professionals who are allowed by a court to serve as expert witnesses are granted the special legal status of offering opinion and theoretical evidence based on human factors research and provided facts that the expert did not witness themselves. The role of the Human Factors forensic expert in U.S. and Canadian court cases has become more common over the past two decades as lawyers become increasingly aware of the specialized nature of this field of study. U.S. and Canadian Human Factors experts sometimes find themselves being retained by firms on the other side of the border due to their specialized experience and training in a particular area relevant to the case at hand. In such situations, the expert will need to deal with differences in legal systems and differences in client expectations between the U.S. and Canada. The goal of this panel discussion session is to share the combined experience and knowledge of the panelists with the audience regarding the most significant differences between U.S. and Canadian clients, courtrooms, and procedures in forensic testimony, so that the expert knows what to expect when accepting a cross-border retention.

Role of New Development Bank and Food Security in the BRICS Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
Pintu Kumar ◽  
Prahlad Kumar Bairwa
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
New Development

TERRITORIAL COHESION POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF EU REGIONAL SECURITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (Vol 18, No 4 (2019)) ◽  
pp. 439-453
Author(s):  
Ihor LISHCHYNSKYY
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Territorial Cohesion ◽  
Interregional Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the study of the implementation of territorial cohesion policy in the European Union in order to achieve a secure regional coexistence. In particular, the regulatory and institutional origins of territorial cohesion policy in the EU are considered. The evolution of ontological models of cohesion policy has been outlined. Specifically, the emphasis is placed on the key objective of political geography – effectively combining the need for "territorialization" and the growing importance of networking. The role of urbanization processes in the context of cohesion policy is highlighted. Cross-border dimensions of cohesion policy in the context of interregional cooperation are explored. Particular emphasis is placed on the features of integrated sustainable development strategies.

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