scholarly journals Using Blockchain Technology to Manage Clinical Trials Data: A Proof-of-Concept Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Maslove ◽  
Jacob Klein ◽  
Kathryn Brohman ◽  
Patrick Martin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Drug Companies ◽  
System P ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
Network Functions

BACKGROUND Blockchain technology is emerging as an innovative tool in data and software security. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the role of blockchain in supporting clinical trials data management and develop a proof-of-concept implementation of a patient-facing and researcher-facing system. METHODS Blockchain-based Smart Contracts were built using the Ethereum platform. RESULTS We described BlockTrial, a system that uses a Web-based interface to allow users to run trials-related Smart Contracts on an Ethereum network. Functions allow patients to grant researchers access to their data and allow researchers to submit queries for data that are stored off chain. As a type of distributed ledger, the system generates a durable and transparent log of these and other transactions. BlockTrial could be used to increase the trustworthiness of data collected during clinical research with benefits to researchers, regulators, and drug companies alike. In addition, the system could empower patients to become more active and fully informed partners in research. CONCLUSIONS Blockchain technology presents an opportunity to address some of the common threats to the integrity of data collected in clinical trials and ensure that the analysis of these data comply with prespecified plans. Further technical work is needed to add additional functions. Policies must be developed to determine the optimal models for participation in the system by its various stakeholders.

scholarly journals Third Party Certification of Agri-Food Supply Chain Using Smart Contracts and Blockchain Tokens

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5307
Author(s):  
Ricardo Borges dos Santos ◽  
Nunzio Marco Torrisi ◽  
Rodrigo Palucci Pantoni
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
The Public ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Every consumer’s buying decision at the supermarket influences food brands to make first party claims of sustainability and socially responsible farming methods on their agro-product labels. Fine wines are often subject to counterfeit along the supply chain to the consumer. This paper presents a method for efficient unrestricted publicity to third party certification (TPC) of plant agricultural products, starting at harvest, using smart contracts and blockchain tokens. The method is capable of providing economic incentives to the actors along the supply chain. A proof-of-concept using a modified Ethereum IGR token set of smart contracts using the ERC-1155 standard NFTs was deployed on the Rinkeby test net and evaluated. The main findings include (a) allowing immediate access to TPC by the public for any desired authority by using token smart contracts. (b) Food safety can be enhanced through TPC visible to consumers through mobile application and blockchain technology, thus reducing counterfeiting and green washing. (c) The framework is structured and maintained because participants obtain economical incentives thus leveraging it´s practical usage. In summary, this implementation of TPC broadcasting through tokens can improve transparency and sustainable conscientious consumer behaviour, thus enabling a more trustworthy supply chain transparency.

scholarly journals Web Based Data Capture for Clinical Research

10.28945/3201 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Smith ◽  
Samuel Sambasivam
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Electronic Data Capture ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Tools And Techniques

Electronic Data Capture (EDC) is increasingly being used in the pharmaceutical, biotech and medical device industries to gather research data worldwide from doctors, hospitals and universities participating in clinical trials. In this highly regulated environment, all systems and software must be thoroughly tested and validated, a task that is burdensome in terms of time and cost. Starting with database structures that are designed to be copied easily, this paper proposes a simple framework that allows for rapid development and minimal testing. The framework includes tools for building modules, for copying modules from one trial to the next, and tools to validate that the modules are the same as modules that have been fully tested previously. A proof-of-concept prototype has been built to demonstrate certain tools and techniques that can be used when designing and building a simplified EDC interface.

scholarly journals CRYPTO-SPATIAL: AN OPEN STANDARDS SMART CONTRACTS LIBRARY FOR BUILDING GEOSPATIALLY ENABLED DECENTRALIZED APPLICATIONS ON THE ETHEREUM BLOCKCHAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B4-2020 ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
A. Benahmed Daho
Keyword(s):  
Design Patterns ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Generic Architecture

Abstract. Blockchain is an emerging immature technology that disrupt many well established industries nowadays, like finance, supply chain, transportation, energy, official registries (identity, vehicles, …). In this contribution we present a smart contracts library, named Crypto-Spatial, written for the Ethereum Blockchain and designed to serve as a framework for geospatially enabled decentralized applications (dApps) development. The main goal of this work is to investigate the suitability of Blockchain technology for the storage, retrieval and processing of vector geospatial data. The design and the proof-of-concept implementation presented are both based on the Open Geospatial Consortium standards: Simple Feature Access, Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) and Well Known Binary (WKB). Also, the FOAM protocol concept of Crypto-Spatial Coordinate (CSC) was used to uniquely identify spatial features on the Blockchain immutable ledger. The design of the Crypto-Spatial framework was implemented as a set of smart contracts using the Solidity object oriented programming language. The implemented library was assessed toward Etheruem’s best practices design patterns and known security issues (common attacks). Also, a generic architecture for geospatially enabled decentralized applications, combining blockchain and IPFS technologies, was proposed. Finally, a proof-of-concept was developed using the proposed approach which main purpose is to port the UN/FAO-SOLA to Blockchain techspace allowing more transparency and simplifying access to users communities. The smart contracts of this prototype are live on the Rinkeby testnet and the frontend is hosted on Github pages. The source code of the work presented here is available on Github under Apache 2.0 license.

Understanding How Information Technology Can Help in Contracts Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-120
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Materials Management ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stage Process

Contracts management is a multi-stage process involving all parties related to a contract. It ensures that all stated objectives are met, and timelines adhered to corresponding to project execution and delivery. The fundamental premise of contracts management is to ensure quality, compliance, and cost optimization. There are several forms of contract each with its own unique features and applications. In this chapter, the authors focus on how information technology can be used to aid in supervision of contracts, materials management, survey, and design management. They also discuss the role of smart contracts and the underlying blockchain technology that is used as the basis for making smart contracts work.

Use of blockchain in designing smart city

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surbhi Dewan ◽  
Latika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Wide Range

PurposeA blockchain is a shared distributed ledger technology that stores the information of every transaction in the network. The blockchain has emerged with a huge diversity of applications not only in the economic but in the non-economical domain as well. Blockchain technology promises to provide a wide range of solutions to the problems faced during implementation of smart cities. It has the potential to build smart contracts more secure, thus eliminating the need for centralized authority.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a proof-of-concept for a use case that uses an Ethereum platform to build a blockchain network to buy, sell or rent a property.FindingsThe findings of this study provide an opportunity to create novel decentralized scalable solutions to develop smart cities by enabling paperless transactions. There are enormous opportunities in this distributed ledger technology which will bring a revolutionary change in upcoming years.Originality/valueThe concept of blockchain along with smart contracts can be used as a promising technology for sharing services which is a common requirement in smart cities. All the blockchain transactions are stored in decentralized shared database. The transaction recorded in decentralized system is immutable, it cannot be altered and hence chance of forgery is negligible.

Cross-Border Payments with Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Allende López ◽  
Antonio Leal Batista
Keyword(s):  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Currency Exchange ◽  
Front End ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
Technical Advice ◽  
The U.S

This document describes the proof-of-concept (PoC) developed by the Inter-American Development Bank, the IDB Lab, LACChain, the Citi Bank Innovations Labs, and ioBuilders to demonstrate cross-border payments between entities in different countries that involve currency exchange, using digital money represented by tokens -tokenized money- in the LACChain Besu Blockchain Network. For this PoC, Citi Bank played the role of the bank holding the funds; the IDBs headquarters in the U.S. played the role of the sender of tokenized dollars; an individual in Dominican Republic played the role of recipient of tokenized Dominican pesos; LACChain provided the blockchain infrastructure and developed the back end, the smart contracts and the integrations; and ioBuilders provided technical advice and developed the front end.

Blockchain With IoT and AI

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-27
Author(s):  
Pushpa Singh ◽  
Narendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are remarkable emerging technologies in the coming few decades. Blockchain technology makes the application more secure and transparent, AI offers analyses the application, and IoT makes the application connected, flexible, and efficient. This paper studies the literature, formulates the research question, and summarizes the contribution of blockchain application, particularly targeting AI and IoT in agriculture and healthcare sectors. This study reveals that 20% of papers are available in agriculture and 14% available in healthcare that integrates blockchain with IoT and AI. Furthermore, the objective of the paper is to study the role of blockchain with IoT and AI in agriculture and healthcare systems in light of the literature review. The integration of blockchain with IoT and AI are playing important roles in agriculture and healthcare fields to manage food supply chains, drug supply chains, traceability of products, smart contracts, monitoring the products, connected, and intelligent prediction.

scholarly journals Digital Enforceable Contracts (DEC): Making Smart Contracts Smarter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Chi Liu ◽  
Giovanni Sileno ◽  
Tom Van Engers
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
General Data ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms

The combination of smart contracts with blockchain technology enables the authentication of the contract and limits the risks of non-compliance. In principle, smart contracts can be processed more efficiently compared to traditional paper-based contracts. However, current smart contracts have very limited capabilities with respect to normative representations, making them too distant from actual contracts. In order to reduce this gap, the paper presents an architectural analysis to see the role of computational artifacts in terms of various ex-ante and ex-post enforcement mechanisms. The proposed framework is assessed using scenarios concerning data-sharing operations bound by legal requirements from the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and data-sharing agreements.

Role of Smart Contracts in Halal Supply Chain Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 2497-2504
Author(s):  
Yudi Fernando ◽  
Mohd Ridzuan Darun ◽  
Basheer Al-haimi ◽  
Daing Nasir Ibrahim ◽  
Marco Tieman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Blockchain Technology

Now, more than ever, with the existence of the new blockchain technology, smart contracts started its revolution. Although the industry has been practices smart contracts using blockchain technology, limited study available on how blockchain technology contributes to Halal supply chain management. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to review the roles, promises and benefits of smart contracts based on blockchain technology for Halal supply chain management applications. An extensive literature exploration is conducted to reveal the existing literature on smart contracts using blockchain technology. The authors have faith in that the findings in this chapter can be used as a solid base for the researchers and practitioners of smart contracts in Halal supply chain management.

scholarly journals Implementation of Smart Contracts Ethereum Blockchain in Web-Based Electronic Voting (e-voting)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ajib Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Election System ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Database Manipulation ◽  
Centralized System

<p>The increasing of digital technology today has helped many people to fulfill their needs. But the election system, still conventionally using paper in its implementation. Elections in general still use a centralized system, where there is an organization that manages it. Some of the problems that may occur in traditional electoral systems are that there are organizations that have full control over the database and system, so the possibility of hacking the database is quite a big opportunity.</p>Blockchain innovation is one arrangement that can be utilized in light of the fact that it has a decentralized framework and the whole database is duplicated by all clients. Blockchain itself has been used by Bitcoin and Ethereum cryptocurrency which is known as a decentralized system. By using the blockchain in database recording on an e-voting system can reduce one source of fraud that is database manipulation. This study discusses the recording of voting data using blockchain technology. The implementation of Smart Contracts contained in the Ethereum Blockchain will be implemented to create this voting system

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