The Wartime Greater East Asia Land Development Program in Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 8-32
Author(s):  
Hiroaki ADACHI
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Development Program

Estimation of surface CO2 flux in East Asia and comparison with the national greenhouse gases emission inventory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minkwang Cho ◽  
Hyun Mee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Independent Observations ◽  
The Impact

<p> In this study, surface carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) flux was estimated over East Asia using the inverse modeling approach. Two CO<sub>2</sub> mole fraction datasets observed from South Korea (Anmyeon-do (AMY) and Gosan (GSN)), along with ObsPack observation data package, were additionally assimilated in the CarbonTracker system, and the characteristics of the estimated surface CO<sub>2</sub> flux was analyzed over ten years. To see the impact of the inclusion of the two observation datasets in the Korean Peninsula, the other experiment which only assimilated the ObsPack data was conducted and used for comparison.</p><p> The result showed that by including two more datasets in the data assimilation process, the surface CO<sub>2</sub> flux absorption was slightly enhanced in summer and the surface CO<sub>2</sub> flux emission was weakened in late autumn and spring. This characteristic was shown particularly in Eurasian boreal and Eurasian temperate regions. Validation was done using independent observations from surface and aircraft (Comprehensive Observation Network for Trace gases by Airliner; CONTRAIL), and it showed smaller root mean square error (RMSE) values and bigger uncertainty reduction effect with the experiment which additionally assimilated two Korean observation datasets.</p><p> Meanwhile, the estimated biosphere CO<sub>2</sub> flux from the CarbonTracker was compared with Land Use, Land Use Change and Forest (LULUCF) sector CO<sub>2</sub> emission (or absorption) from the national greenhouse gases emission inventory (NIR). In case of South Korea, the observation density (number of observation sites or number of assimilated data on the area of the region) seemed to be related to some statistic parameters between inventory and CarbonTracker result. More results from model-inventory comparison using other data will be presented in the meeting.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p><p> This study was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant KMI2018-03712 and a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the South Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT) (Grant 2017R1E1A1A03070968). The authors thank Andrew R. Jacobson for providing the CarbonTracker used for this study.</p>

Assimilation of GOSAT XCO2 data to optimize surface CO2 flux in East Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Gyung Seo ◽  
Hyun Mee Kim
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
System Research ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
South Korean Government ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Boreal Region

<p>Because East Asia is the third-largest source region of CO<sub>2</sub> after North America and Europe, there is a need to estimate surface CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes accurately over East Asia. Nevertheless, since the number of surface CO<sub>2</sub> observations in East Asia is relatively small compared to that in North America and Europe, the estimation of surface CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in East Asia has relatively large uncertainties. To supplement sparse surface CO<sub>2</sub> observations, satellite observations can be used.</p><p>In this study, the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction (XCO<sub>2</sub>) concentration data from the Greenhouse gas Observing SATellite (GOSAT) Project was used to estimate the surface CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in East Asia. CarbonTracker developed by Earth System Research Laboratory was used as an inverse modeling system. To assimilate GOSAT XCO<sub>2</sub> data in CarbonTracker, the observation operator for GOSAT XCO<sub>2</sub> data was developed. To determine the appropriate Model-Data-Mismatch (MDM) for GOSAT XCO<sub>2</sub> data, a sensitivity test was conducted. The experiment assimilating GOSAT data showed lower BIAS and RMSE than that without assimilating GOSAT data. In addition, the experiment using 2 ppm MDM for GOSAT data showed lower BIAS and RMSE than that using 3 ppm MDM.</p><p>The surface CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes over East Asia from the experiments with and without GOSAT data were also compared. By assimilating GOSAT observations, the absorption of surface CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the ocean became strong and that in land became weaker. Especially, the absorption of surface CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the Eurasian Boreal region became much weaker than in other regions. The uncertainty reduction was also the largest in the Eurasian Boreal region where the surface CO<sub>2</sub> observations are sparse.</p><p>Therefore GOSAT XCO<sub>2</sub> data have a profound impact on estimating the surface CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in East Asia where the surface observations are insufficient.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p><p>This study was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant KMI2018-03712 and a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the South Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT) (Grant 2017R1E1A1A03070968). The authors thank Andrew R. Jacobson for providing the CarbonTracker and JAXA/NIES/MOE for providing GOSAT data.</p>

scholarly journals This Is My Grand Pa’s Land: Land, and Development Projects and Evictions along Morogoro Highway, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehema Godfrey Kilonzo
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Land Access ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Customary Land

This article addresses one of the most contentious development and political issue facing Tanzania and many Southern African countries. The focus is on privatization of land as a result of neo-liberal economic reforms, evictions and conflicts generated. The study was conducted along Morogoro highway, in Dar es Salaam and Pwani regions. The study employed qualitative approaches where archival information, interview observations and focus group discussions were used to collect data. Key findings indicate that there is a gap between laws and policies of land, which are designed to protect customary land rights of indigenous communities and individuals, and the actual practices regarding land on the ground. Despite the multi-party system democratic reforms, ordinary people have not turned their elected representatives at the local, regional levels or NGOs as allies in the efforts to resist land evictions. To understand development as a concept and its outcome when translated into action, to see what is happening on the ground, I draw part of my arguments from Social Movements theories to understand local people’s reactions toward development programs that result into their evictions. The study also explored the relationship among key land stakeholders in Tanzania and analyzed how uncoordinated relationships and the state officials lead to conflict. The study revealed that there is gender inequality in land access and ownership and how women used their position as women to frame resistance and attract not only media but also government and international community. A central argument in this study is that for land development program to benefit the targeted population, all land actors from grassroots to top should be involved in the process.

Overview of the East Asia ALMA development program

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin'ichiro Asayama ◽  
Álvaro González ◽  
Hitoshi Kiuchi ◽  
Takafumi Kojima ◽  
Matthias Kroug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Development Program

Status of the East Asia ALMA development program: Towards the implementation of the ALMA development roadmap

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro González ◽  
Takafumi Kojima ◽  
Wenlei Shan ◽  
Hitoshi Kiuchi ◽  
Yoshinori Uzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Development Program

Modeling role of rice paddy field and its implication in water management

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1317-1323
Author(s):  
Hyunju Park ◽  
Tschungil Kim ◽  
Hyunwoo Kim ◽  
Mooyoung Han
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Paddy Fields

The objective of this study is to develop a conceptual model to analyze the role of rice paddy fields in water management and to use the model to suggest an appropriate countermeasure for land development. Rice paddy fields are traditionally seen in East and South-East Asia, particularly in areas that have a considerable seasonal variation in rainfall resulting in flooding and drought. One of the advantages of these fields in East Asia is that the period of rainfall is similar to the period of the water demand of the rice paddy. In this study, the water management functions of rice paddy are evaluated using rainfall–storage–discharge (RSD) modeling. The RSD system is a type of onsite structure used for rainwater management. In this study, the area of the rice paddy is assumed to be 10,000 m2, and the rice paddy is considered to perform the storage and catchment functions of a rainwater harvesting system. The RSD system can be used for analyzing the outflow rate according to the rice paddy area and the peak outflow curves for a 100-year period; further, the effectiveness of the RSD system in reducing the final water discharge rate through a rice paddy is evaluated.

A History of East Asia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Holcombe
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
History Of
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