scholarly journals This Is My Grand Pa’s Land: Land, and Development Projects and Evictions along Morogoro Highway, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehema Godfrey Kilonzo
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Land Access ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Customary Land

This article addresses one of the most contentious development and political issue facing Tanzania and many Southern African countries. The focus is on privatization of land as a result of neo-liberal economic reforms, evictions and conflicts generated. The study was conducted along Morogoro highway, in Dar es Salaam and Pwani regions. The study employed qualitative approaches where archival information, interview observations and focus group discussions were used to collect data. Key findings indicate that there is a gap between laws and policies of land, which are designed to protect customary land rights of indigenous communities and individuals, and the actual practices regarding land on the ground. Despite the multi-party system democratic reforms, ordinary people have not turned their elected representatives at the local, regional levels or NGOs as allies in the efforts to resist land evictions. To understand development as a concept and its outcome when translated into action, to see what is happening on the ground, I draw part of my arguments from Social Movements theories to understand local people’s reactions toward development programs that result into their evictions. The study also explored the relationship among key land stakeholders in Tanzania and analyzed how uncoordinated relationships and the state officials lead to conflict. The study revealed that there is gender inequality in land access and ownership and how women used their position as women to frame resistance and attract not only media but also government and international community. A central argument in this study is that for land development program to benefit the targeted population, all land actors from grassroots to top should be involved in the process.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA SENI & KERAJINAN KASONGAN, BANGUNJIWO, BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Hani Ernawati ◽  
Sela Apriliyani Mahmudah
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
The Public ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study discusses and examines the strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats to formulate a strategy and program development in the Art Tourism Village of Kasongan bantul Yogyakarta. This study used quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data collected by observation, in-depth interviews, documentation and dissemination of questionnaires to 53 respondents consisting of bureaucrats, tourism businesses and community leaders, then analyzed by SWOT method. Based on the SWOT analysis obtained alternative strategies that can be applied is create quality art-tourism product. Tourism development policy must have the support from the private sector and the public. Community support depends on the condition variable resources of tourism areas, namely diversity, uniqueness, potential for conservation, economic potential, and market potential. These five variables are the basis for the establishment of community support. Keywords: art-tourism, tourism-village, strategy and development program

Corruption, Transparency, and E-Government

2011 ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Herwig Ostermann ◽  
Roland Staudinger
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Red Tape ◽  
The Cost

Regarded from a historical perspective, the appearance of corruption is not a new phenomenon at all. It can be traced back to the ancient civilizations of China, Egypt, Greece, India, Israel, and Rome, which all provide evidence of widespread illegality and corruption. In spite of its long history, corruption increasingly became a political issue in the 1990s: corruption scandals contributed substantially to the resignation of governments in Ecuador, Brazil, India, and Italy and unsettled well-established ruling parties in Japan and Mexico (Lash, 2004; Sen, 1999). According to Sen (1999), “the prevalence of corruption is rightly regarded as one of the major stumbling blocks in the path to successful economic progress, for example in many Asian and African countries” (p. 275). Dudley (2000) estimates that 30% of the money spent annually for international development loans are diverted from productive pursuits because of corruption. Additionally, countries perceived as being corrupt suffer from lower (private) capital inflows, as foreign investors are deterred by corruption and its associated phenomena, which include bureaucratic red tape, mismanagement and the lack of secure property rights (Transparency International (TI), 2004). Overall, the cost of corruption represents 5% of the volume of total global output or more than 1.5 trillion dollars a year according to “rough, but conservative” World Bank estimates (United Nations, 2003c). Table 1 aims to illustrate the scale of political corruption by presenting estimates of the funds allegedly embezzled by 10 notorious (but not necessarily the most corrupt) leaders of the last 20 years.

scholarly journals What type of Europe? The salience of polity and policy issues in European Parliament elections

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Braun ◽  
Swen Hutter ◽  
Alena Kerscher
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Party System ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Crucial Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
European Parliament Elections

How much and why do political parties emphasize Europe in election campaigns? The literature is increasingly focusing on two aspects of party issue competition: position and salience. However, recent studies on salience tend to ignore the fact that Europe is a compound political issue. This article contributes to the debate by highlighting the crucial difference between constitutive and policy-related European issues. Using data from the Euromanifestos Project for 14 EU member states for the period 1979–2009, we first show that Europe is much more salient in European Parliament elections than previously assumed. Second, EU issue salience depends on party position and party system polarization over European integration. However, different explanations come into play once we bring in the polity-vs.-policy distinction. This has important implications for our understanding of party competition on European integration.

scholarly journals The Ineffectiveness and Inadequacies of International Instruments in Combatting and Ending the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and Environmental Degradation in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avitus A. Agbor
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
International Law ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
African Continent ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
The Masses ◽  
International Instruments ◽  
Poor Management

Despite the fact that international instruments prohibit such activities, recent recurrent incidents involving the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes on the African continent highlight their inadequacies and ineffectiveness of international law in solving this problem. Despite some noticeable milestones achieved by the Bamako Convention, its shortcomings are conspicuous. In addition, the ban on transboundary movement of hazardous wastes is simply one dimension of the bigger problem faced by (many poor) African countries: poor management of the environment that ranges from water and air pollution, poor disposal of wastes, improper and inadequate treatment of domestically generated hazardous wastes, congestion, noise, and dumping. These international instruments deal with only a dimension of the problem faced by African states. It is argued that additional measures must be taken to complement these efforts. Such measures include the enactment of strong laws and policies, education of the masses and a virile civil society.

Governance and the Transition to Democracy: Political Parties and the Party System in Mali

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Vengroff
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political System ◽  
Party System ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Ruling Party

Although many African countries have had to address pressures for democratisation and are undergoing some form of transition, Mali is an especially interesting case which could provide useful insights into the durability of democracy on the continent and elsewhere. Mali has experienced extraordinary changes in the past two years leading to the almost total transformation of the political system from a highly authoritarian régime to one which has all the trappings of a liberal democracy. Unlike most other nations, Mali was fortunate in being able to write a new constitution and hold elections without the burden of continued participation in the process by a ruling party and head of state. Therefore, the more open procedures offer a better indication of the degree to which, given the opportunity, a modern democratic system can take root in the African milieu.

scholarly journals STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT OF CONSERVATION IN LOWER KINABATANGAN SABAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Pimid ◽  
Normah Abdul Latip ◽  
Azizan Marzuki ◽  
Mohd Umzarulazijo Umar ◽  
Kumara Thevan Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Management ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Lower Kinabatangan

Effective conservation measures are essential to protect nature and wildlife which act as flagship attraction for ecotourism to flourish. The study focuses on conservation management of natural forests and wildlife by multiple stakeholders in Lower Kinabatangan Sabah. Rare and endangered wildlife species is the main attraction for ecotourism development in this area. The study employed a mixed method research by integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. Analyses revealed contradictory findings whereby local indigenous communities were unaware about progress of established Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary and thereby requested for enhancing current conservation management. However, other stakeholders reported that the sanctuary fulfilled its objectives. The study further proposed solutions to improve current conservation by considering the viewpoints of all stakeholders involved in conservation initiatives in the Lower Kinabatangan Sabah.

scholarly journals The EU’s Humanitarian Policy in Africa and Migration Crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 142-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Kukartseva
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
The Political ◽  
African Continent ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Eu

The article considers the essence and peculiarities of realizing of human security in the EU external policy in general and specifically in Africa. The article reveals the principles of the EU interest in Africa as a focus of their humanitarian policy: phantoms of the collective memory of the political class of Western European countries, huge potential of resources and markets, migration and terrorist threat. It is argued that this policy is considered by the EU as its strategic foreign policy narrative, in the course of which the Union, while ensuring the security of the African continent, primarily realizes its own interests. Specific features of the interpretation of this narrative in official documents of Germany as a key member of the EU are specified. It is revealed that Germany aims to play a major role in shaping European policy towards the African continent, and the specificity of its approach is economic-centric, which distinguishes it from the EU’s general approach to Africa. The key question of the article is how is disinterested Germany’s role, despite its permeation with the spirit of liberal values as a supplier of human security to African countries. It is shown that the discrimination of refugees and migrants in migration flows in the EU emphasized the importance of the Union’s activities in ensuring human security in Africa. In accordance with its goal to become the leading actor of the EU policy on the continent, its role as a leader of the liberal world and the peculiarities of the consequences of the migration crisis for the political and party system of the country and the stability of the social state, Germany proposed the German “Marshall Plan” for Africa as a concretization of its humanitarian policy on the continent. The parameters of this Plan, its advantages and implementation difficulties are considered. It is concluded that the Germany’s approach to Africa, on the whole, indisputably contributes to the latter’s development. At the same time, it is to a large extent focused on solving the tasks of ensuring national security of Germany itself, promoting the interests of German business, creating new German “reserves” in Africa through the African partnership. In this bi-directional process there is no obvious contradiction, but the results of this process can become ambivalent.

scholarly journals Shifting Narratives, Recognizing Resilience: New Anti-Oppressive and Decolonial Approaches to Ethnobotanical Research with Indigenous Communities in Canada

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Joseph ◽  
Alain Cuerrier ◽  
Darcy Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Trauma Narratives ◽  
Land Access ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
One Step ◽  
Political Act

Revitalizing Indigenous land-based practices are acts of resurgence and resistance. The presence of Indigenous bodies occupying land to nourish and strengthen themselves through ancestral practices is a political act. These cultural systems of knowledge and practice are in opposition to historical and ongoing colonial attempts to dispossess Indigenous Peoples of their connections to land. Indigenous People have undergone changes in diet and land access, including cultivating and harvesting plants for health and wellbeing. Recognizing and understanding the impacts and implications of colonization on land-based knowledge is fundamental in carrying out meaningful work within Indigenous communities in the field of ethnobotany. Much of the literature and media on Indigenous issues continue to uphold trauma narratives. When working with Indigenous communities on projects, it is essential to understand the history, impacts and ongoing struggles related to colonization and genocide in America in order to not cause harm and to contribute positively to those communities. Furthermore, by taking our responsibilities one step further, we can carry out research in trauma-informed ways while prioritizing anti-oppressive, decolonial and strength-based approaches to our research and collaborations with Indigenous communities. We illustrate these points through a community-based case study from the Squamish Nation in British Columbia, Canada.

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