scholarly journals Stability Characteristics of a Turbulent Nonpremixed Conical Bluff Body Flame

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-745
Author(s):  
Alper Ata ◽  
I. Bedii Ozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Bluff Body ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Radial Profiles ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Turbulent Nonpremixed ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Limits

The thermal characteristics of turbulent non-premixed methane flames were investigated by four burner heads with the same exit diameter but different heights. The fuel flow rate was kept constant with an exit velocity of 15 m/s, while the co-flow air speed was increased from 0 to 7.6 m/s. The radial profiles of the temperature and flame visualizations were obtained to investigate the stability limits. The results evidenced that the air co-flow and the cone angle have essential roles in the stabilization of the flame: An increase in the cone angle and/or the co-flow speed deteriorated the stability of the flame, which eventually tended to blow off. As the cone angle was reduced, the flame was attached to the bluff body. However, when the cone angle is very small, it has no effect on stability. The mixing and entrainment processes were described by the statistical moments of the temperature fluctuations. It appears that the rise in temperature coincides with the intensified mixing, and it becomes constant in the entrainment region.

Study on the Effects of Cone Height on the Turbulent Nonpremixed Flames Downstream of a Conical Bluff Body

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Ata ◽  
I. Bedii Ozdemir
Keyword(s):  
Bluff Body ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Fuel Jet ◽  
Radial Profiles ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Turbulent Nonpremixed ◽  
Bluff Body Wake ◽  
Combustion Regimes ◽  
Visual Observations

Abstract Flow, thermal, and emission characteristics of turbulent nonpremixed CH4 flames were investigated for three burner heads of different cone heights. The fuel velocity was kept constant at 15 m/s, while the coflow air speed was varied between 0 and 7.4 m/s. Detailed radial profiles of the velocity and temperature were obtained in the bluff body wake at three vertical locations of 0.5D, 1D, and 1.5D. Emissions of CO2, CO, NOx, and O2 were also measured at the tail end of every flame. Flames were digitally photographed to support the point measurements with the visual observations. Fifteen different stability points were examined, which were the results of three bluff body variants and five coflow velocities. The results show that a blue-colored ring flame is formed, especially at high coflow velocities. The results also illustrate that depending on the mixing at the bluff-body wake, the flames exhibit two modes of combustion regimes, namely fuel jet- and coflow-dominated flames. In the jet-dominated regime, the flames become longer when compared with the flames of the coflow-dominated regime. In the latter regime, emissions were largely reduced due to the dilution by the excess air, which also surpasses their production.

Stability as a constraint in sagittal plane human force exertion modeling

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Carter J. Kerk ◽  
Don B. Chaffin ◽  
W. Monroe Keyserling
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Joint Center ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Stability Limits

The stability constraints of a two-dimensional static human force exertion capability model (2DHFEC) were evaluated with subjects of varying anthropometry and strength capabilities performing manual exertions. The biomechanical model comprehensively estimated human force exertion capability under sagittally symmetric static conditions using constraints from three classes: stability, joint muscle strength, and coefficient of friction. Experimental results showed the concept of stability must be considered with joint muscle strength capability and coefficient of friction in predicting hand force exertion capability. Information was gained concerning foot modeling parameters as they affect whole-body stability. Findings indicated that stability limits should be placed approximately 37 % the ankle joint center to the posterior-most point of the foot and 130 % the distance from the ankle joint center to the maximal medial protuberance (the ball of the foot). 2DHFEC provided improvements over existing models, especially where horizontal push/pull forces create balance concerns.

Stability of slender inverted flags and rods in uniform steady flow

2016 ◽  
Vol 809 ◽  
pp. 873-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Sader ◽  
Cecilia Huertas-Cerdeira ◽  
Morteza Gharib
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Equilibria ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Uniform Flow ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Cantilever Length ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Elastic Sheets ◽  
Clamped Edge

Cantilevered elastic sheets and rods immersed in a steady uniform flow are known to undergo instabilities that give rise to complex dynamics, including limit cycle behaviour and chaotic motion. Recent work has examined their stability in an inverted configuration where the flow impinges on the free end of the cantilever with its clamped edge downstream: this is commonly referred to as an ‘inverted flag’. Theory has thus far accurately captured the stability of wide inverted flags only, i.e. where the dimension of the clamped edge exceeds the cantilever length; the latter is aligned in the flow direction. Here, we theoretically examine the stability of slender inverted flags and rods under steady uniform flow. In contrast to wide inverted flags, we show that slender inverted flags are never globally unstable. Instead, they exhibit bifurcation from a state that is globally stable to multiple equilibria of varying stability, as flow speed increases. This theory is compared with new and existing measurements on slender inverted flags and rods, where excellent agreement is observed. The findings of this study have significant implications to investigations of biological phenomena such as the motion of leaves and hairs, which can naturally exhibit a slender geometry with an inverted configuration.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Blade Stability for a Scaled Autogyro Rotor at High Advance Ratios

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Djamel Rezgui ◽  
Mark H. Lowenberg
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Numerical Continuation ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomenon ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Slowed Rotor ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Blade Pitch Angle

Despite current research advances in aircraft dynamics and increased interest in the slowed rotor concept for high-speed compound helicopters, the stability of autogyro rotors remains partially understood, particularly at lightly loaded conditions and high advance ratios. In autorotation, the periodic behavior of a rotor blade is a complex nonlinear phenomenon, further complicated by the fact that the rotor speed is not held constant. The aim of the analysis presented in this article is to investigate the underlying mechanisms that can lead to rotation-flap blade instability at high advance ratios for a teetering autorotating rotor. The stability analysis was conducted via wind tunnel tests of a scaled autogyro model combined with numerical continuation and bifurcation analysis. The investigation assessed the effect of varying the flow speed, blade pitch angle, and rotor shaft tilt relative to the flow on the rotor performance and blade stability. The results revealed that rotor instability in autorotation is associated with the existence of fold bifurcations, which bound the control-input and design parameter space within which the rotor can autorotate. This instability occurs at a lightly loaded condition and at advance ratios close to 1 for the scaled model. Finally, it was also revealed that the rotor inability to autorotate was driven by blade stall.

scholarly journals Derived Interaction Parameters for the TSAI-WU Tensor Polynomial Theory of Strength for Composite Materials

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. DeTeresa ◽  
Gregory J. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Strength Criterion ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Transverse Compression ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Limits

Abstract It is shown that the two interactive strength parameters in the Tsai-Wu tensor polynomial strength criterion for fiber composites can be derived in terms of the uniaxial or non-interacting strength parameters if the composite does not fail under practical levels of hydrostatic pressure or equal transverse compression. Thus the required number of parameters is reduced from seven to five and all five of the remaining strength terms are easily determined using standard test methods. The derived interactive parameters fall within the stability limits of the theory, yet they lead to open failure surfaces in the compressive stress quadrant. The assumptions used to derive the interactive parameters were supported by measurements for the effect of hydrostatic pressure and unequal transverse compression on the behavior of a typical carbon fiber composite.

scholarly journals An experimental study on the effects of swirling oxidizer flow and diameter of fuel nozzle on behaviour and light emittance of propane-oxygen non-premixed flame

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1453-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Javareshkian ◽  
Sadegh Tabejamaat ◽  
Soroush Sarrafan-Sadeghi ◽  
Mohammadreza Baigmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Flame Length ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Flame Shape ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Blue Flame

In this study, the stability and the light emittance of non-premixed propane-oxygen flames have been experimentally evaluated with respect to swirling oxidizer flow and variations in fuel nozzle diameter. Hence, three types of the vanes with the swirl angles of 30?, 45?, and 60? have been chosen for producing the desired swirling flows. The main aims of this study are to determine the flame behaviour, light emittance, and also considering the effect of variation in fuel nozzle diameter on combustion phenomena such as flame length, flame shape, and soot free length parameter. The investigation into the flame phenomenology was comprised of variations of the oxidizer and fuel flow velocities (respective Reynolds numbers) and the fuel nozzle diameter. The results showed that the swirl effect could change the flame luminosity and this way could reduce or increase the maximum value of the flame light emittance in the combustion zone. Therefore, investigation into the flame light emittance can give a good clue for studying the mixing quality of reactants, the flame phenomenology (blue flame or sooty flame, localized extinction), and the combustion intensity in non-premixed flames.

One-dimensional model for the Rijke tube

1989 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nicoli ◽  
P. Pelcé
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Unsteady Heat Transfer ◽  
Order Unity ◽  
Rijke Tube ◽  
Thermoacoustic Instability ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Limits

We develop a simple model in which longitudinal, compressible, unsteady heat transfer between heater and gas is computed in the small-Mach-number limit. This calculation is used to determine the transfer function of the heater, which plays an important role in the stability limits of the thermoacoustic instability of the Rijke tube. The transfer function is determined analytically in the limit of small expansion parameter γ, and numerically for γ of order unity. In the case ρμ/cp = constant, an analytical solution can be found.

Investigation of Gyroscopic Effect on the Stability of High Speed Micromilling via Bifurcation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Rinku K. Mittal ◽  
Ramesh K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Multistep Method ◽  
Gyroscopic Effect ◽  
High Rotational Speed ◽  
Micro Tool ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Delay Differential ◽  
Stability Limits ◽  
Micro Tools

Catastrophic tool failure due to the low flexural stiffness of the micro-tool is a major concern for micromanufacturing industries. This issue can be addressed using high rotational speed, but the gyroscopic couple becomes prominent at high rotational speeds for micro-tools affecting the dynamic stability of the process. This study uses the multiple degrees of freedom (MDOF) model of the cutting tool to investigate the gyroscopic effect in machining. Hopf bifurcation theory is used to understand the long-term dynamic behavior of the system. A numerical scheme based on the linear multistep method is used to solve the time-periodic delay differential equations. The stability limits have been predicted as a function of the spindle speed. Higher tool deflections occur at higher spindle speeds. Stability lobe diagram shows the conservative limits at high rotational speeds for the MDOF model. The predicted stability limits show good agreement with the experimental limits, especially at high rotational speeds.

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