scholarly journals The Image of Parish Clergy Based on Wincenty de Seve’s Inspection (1608–1609)—Selected Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1 SELECTED PAPERS IN ENGLISH) ◽  
pp. 179-198
Author(s):  
Anna Jabłońska
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Church History ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Council Of Trent ◽  
Holy Trinity ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Parish Clergy

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 65 (2017), issue 2 The article discusses an important period in Church history, namely the so-called Church reform. It occurred after King Zygmunt August (1564) and the Polish clergy (1577) had adopted the resolutions of the Council of Trent. The implementation of those resolutions started at the turn of the 17th century. One of the proposals was to renew the life of clergy—their attitude to obligations and improvement of morals, customs and even appearance. Wincenty de Seve’s inspection in the years 1608–1609 concerned the area of the archdeaconry of Gniezno. For the purposes of this article, its four deaneries were analysed, i.e. Holy Trinity, Saints Peter and Paul, Łekno and Sompolno. The main purpose of the visitation was to inspect the parish, which played an extremely important role in society. The article discusses the image of the parish clergy emerging from the findings of the inspection, which took into account guidelines for the reform. This image shows that both those who were role models and those who drastically violated various norms were exceptions. The most numerous group were priests, who mostly met the requirements, but various irregularities were noticeable. The biggest problems of the next, slightly smaller group were women and alcohol. The offences also included ignorance, sloppiness and inappropriate clothing. The inspection shows that at the beginning of the 17th century, attempts were made to implement the reform of parish clergy, but traces of old habits and new requirements were still to go hand in hand.

Eschatology and Religiosity of the People in Russia in the 17th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Natalya S. Gurianova
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Christian Teaching ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Spiritual Crisis ◽  
Time Of Troubles ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Church

The article studies the religiosity of Russian population in the 17th century in order to find out the type of this state of public mind. Special attention is drawn to the acuteness of eschatological expectations in society, which intensified during periods of crises. After the Time of Troubles (Smuta), the Church, trying to bring society out of the spiritual crisis, had been exploiting the “end of the world” topic through publishing relevant texts. This trend was especially noticeable during the time of Patriarch Joseph. The decision of the Moscow Printing House (Pechatnyi Dvor) to extend the amount of eschatological publications was determined not only by the direction of church policy, but also by the request in society, the desire of the population to get a more complete picture of the Christian teaching about the ultimate destinies of the world and man, since the spiritual crisis had presupposed an increase of apocalyptic moods. This desire indicates that the population was characterized by the religiosity of the medieval type. The article scrutinizes in particular the 2nd half of the 17th century, which modern researchers rightly designate as the early Modern era. In a society with such a keen perception of the time, the church reform, initiated in the middle of the century by Patriarch Nikon, was naturally not supported by a part of the population. In the interpretation of the defenders of the Old Belief, the actions of the reformers turned into clear signs of the advent of the kingdom of Antichrist, as it was prophesied in Christian teaching. It was not some peculiarity of the worldview of the opponents of church reform, their behavior adjusted the religiosity of the epoch. To justify these thoughts the position of Patriarch Nikon could be mentioned. Nikon found himself in a situation of disapproval and, arguing to be wrongfully convicted and misunderstood, he also used the eschatological doctrine. Based on the analysis of such facts, the article concludes that the 2nd half of the 17th century was characterized by religiosity of the medieval type.

scholarly journals Convention as the Source of the Avant-Garde. Remarks on the Inventiveness of Poetics of the Past

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1 SELECTED PAPERS IN ENGLISH) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Barbara Niebelska-Rajca
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Dominant Tendency ◽  
Late Renaissance ◽  
Theoretical Reflection ◽  
Present Text

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 59 (2011), issue 1. Modern theoretical-literary treatises, defined as normative poetics, are usually connected with the dominance of the convention and normativism, with obligatory rules, canonical concepts and restrictive directives hampering originality. The present text tries to revise the conviction that convention is a dominant tendency in the development of the old theoretical thought; it tends to show the avant-garde aspects of modern poetics and to present the relations between what is conventional and what is innovative in the most original theoretical texts of late Renaissance and Baroque. Examples of two avant-garde modern poetics—Francesco Patrizi’s theory of wonder formed at the end of the 16th century and the 17th century Emanuele Tesauro’s conceptistic theory—show that tradition and convention are necessary elements of inventive theories. The avant-garde of poetics of the past, contrary to the avant-garde of the 20th century, is not born from the defiance of the earlier theories but is formed by way of modernizing and transforming them. Old inventive theories—despite all the departures from tradition—are still part of the classical paradigm. Hence, the avant-garde character of late-Renaissance and Baroque theoretical reflection consists in a peculiar synergy of convention and novelty.

Resources for a Democratic Catholic Church

Horizons ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Eugene C. Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Church History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Democratic Tradition ◽  
Catholic History ◽  
Reform Needs

AbstractThis article explores sources in the Christian tradition that can be helpful for re-shaping present Roman Catholic ecclesial polity. The underlying theme is that the Catholic Church, in order to enhance efforts at church reform, needs to re-structure itself from a monarchical polity to a democratic one. A theological subtheme argues that the monarchical polity is not mandated by the gospel, but is rather a creature of history. Furthermore, the monarchical polity is a root cause obstructing reform in specific areas. By selecting loci from early church history to the present time, democratic movements and ideas are highlighted as constituting an important part of Catholic history. Certain of these loci have not yet been examined for their democratic potential. This democratic tradition can be a springboard for moving toward a democratic church in the twenty-first century.

From Cicero to lasso: Humanism and the Education of the Novarese Parish Clergy (1565-1663)

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1005-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Deutscher
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Council Of Trent ◽  
Parish Clergy

This study argues that the parish clergy of the northern Italian diocese of Novara benefited from a dramatic increase in educational institutions in the decades following the Council of Trent (1545- 63) and that their formation was rooted in the humanist program of grammar, letters, poetry, history, rhetoric, and moral philosophy, inculcated through the reading of classical authors. Employing the acts of visitations conducted between 1616 and 1663, it is based on comments made by the priests themselves about their education and on an analysis of the secular books in their personal libraries. It concludes that a number of the Novarese priests developed a lifelong interest in humanist and secular works, while some of them employed their humanist training as schoolmasters in the towns and villages of the diocese.

Heresy, The Social Order, and English Deism

1968 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger L. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Church History ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Social

Two recent essays dealing with Deism and the religious environment from which it emerged in England have done something to correct accounts which emphasize the philosophic, scientific, or latitudinarian background of English Deism. I refer to Gerald C. Brauer's “Puritan Mysticism and the Development of Liberalism,”Church History, Vol. XIX (September, 1950), and to George L. Mosse's “Puritan Radicalism and the Enlightenment,”Church History, Vol. XXIX (December, 1960). Both articles argue that there were current in 17th century Puritanism elements which could lead to Deism and which “helped to prepare the English scene for the arrival and triumph of liberalism” and Deism.

scholarly journals Spór o powołanie Kościoła narodowego w Koronie w okresie soboru trydenckiego (1545-1563)

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1 (245)) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Łukasz Godlewski
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
State Control ◽  
Council Of Trent ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Lower Chamber ◽  
The Times ◽  
Crown Lands

Debate on the Creating of the Polish National Church in the Times of the Council of Trent (1545-1563) In the time of the Council of Trent, the Polish nobility often and loudly demanded the forming of the Polish National Church, which would enable them to execute state control over the clergy, its activity, and church property. Popular Protestant ideas coherent with such an idea fulfilled the role of useful weapon in their struggle against the clergy. Even though the idea of the church reform converged with many changes postulated by the contemporary noble reform movement, the state finances, homogeneity of Crown lands and the Polish-Lithuanian union took predominance over church matters. Appropriate conduct of debate, disabling discussion about a reform, was promoted by the clergy itself, which was not interested in loosening their dominant position in the society and becoming subject to civic laws. Protestant deputies to the parliament, who constituted the majority in the lower chamber, could have acquired more benefits, were it not for their reluctance to impose certain solutions on the Catholics, who still dominated in the society. The clergy, in particular bishops, sought some compromise with Protestants, until the Catholic Church itself undertook mild reforms in the third phase of the Council of Trent. The stand of the Polish monarch, Sigismundus Augustus, who – having been raised as a Catholic – opposed the forming of new church and his attitude was also important.

scholarly journals The Reception of Books from Braniewo in the 17th-century Uppsala University Library

Biblioteka ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Peter Sjökvist
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Church History ◽  
University Library ◽  
Jesuit College

It is well known that Swedish armies took a number of literary spoils of war from Poland in the 17th century, among others, the library of the Jesuit College in Braniewo in 1626. This article discusses how the collections from Braniewo were received and arranged in the first library building of Uppsala University, to which they had been donated by the Swedish King Gustavus II Adolphus. Books with contents related to theology are discussed in particular. As is shown in the article, books from Braniewo by Catholic authors or editors that were of a more neutral nature, such as books on Church history, Bibles and Bible concordances, were generally considered more useful at this Lutheran university than books by Catholic authors containing, for instance, Bible commentaries, sermons and dogmatics.

Becoming a Priest

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Armstrong-Partida
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Violent Acts ◽  
Parish Clergy ◽  
And Training

This chapter demonstrates that clerics learned early on in their clerical training that violence, conflict, dominance, and sexual unions were not only accepted social norms for clergy but needed to be publicly exercised in front of other men. The most convincing evidence of how clerical masculinity became instilled in clerics from an early age comes from the lives of priests and their sons. The sons of priests witnessed a model of clerical masculinity in which their fathers engaged in concubinous unions, carried weapons, fought, and socialized with their male peers; they too followed this pattern of behavior. Ultimately, the clerical education and training of priests' sons and the influence of senior clergy as role models all coalesced to produce a unique clerical identity, very different from that of ecclesiastical elites—one in which the violent acts of parish clergy can be connected to their professional identity as clerics and to their personal identity as men.

The Parish Question in the Reviews of Diocesan Bishops in 1905-1906

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 525-556
Author(s):  
Alexey Beglov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Parish Clergy ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right

The article examines the views of the bishops of the Orthodox Russian Church on the prospects for the transformation of the Orthodox parish of the Russian Empire, reflected in the literary monument of church thought of the beginning of the 20th century – the “Comments of the Diocesan Bishops on Issues of Church Reform” of 1905–1906. The author shows that the bishops viewed the parish question in conjunction with other aspects of church reform, and sometimes with the general socio-economic situation in the empire. The bishops’ view of parish reform was quite broad. They spoke about the possible autonomy of parish communities, about the possibility of allowing parishioners to dispose of the parish property and giving them the right to intercede for a candidate they knew when nominating members of the parish clergy. At the same time, the author notes that almost none of the diocesan bishops who supported parish reforms in the “Comments”, responded to the Synod’s call to begin parish reform in 1906.

Appropriating Shiʿi Tradition and Engaging Christian Sources

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-122
Author(s):  
Alberto Tiburcio
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Church History ◽  
Council Of Trent ◽  
The Way

This chapter analyses the way in which Jadid al-Islam’s work uses both Islamic and Christian sources. From the Islamic archive, attention is drawn toward the use of hadith from specifically Shiʿi collections as prophetical signs. From the Christian archive we see both classical sources of Church history (and heresiography) as well as early modern sources. Of the latter, Jadid al-Islam brings forward Protestant and Catholic sources critical of the consensus of the Council of Trent as proofs of the divisions within the Christianity.

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