Theoretical study on the driving forces and constraints of collaborative public administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-94
Author(s):  
YunKwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Driving Forces

scholarly journals The Role of Public Administration in Sustainable Urban Development: Evidence from Italy

Smart Cities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ornella Malandrino ◽  
Daniela Sica ◽  
Stefania Supino
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
The Public

The commitment to improve energy and environmental performance in public administration is essential for the development models geared towards lasting sustainability. The Public Administration (PA) in Italy, in particular, plays a key role to affirm models oriented towards energy and environmental sustainability, thanks to a wider and more innovative approach. The PA has a dual consumer/user role, public heritage, and decision maker/planner, in promoting energy efficiency at the local level, in the light of specific problems and peculiarities. For several decades, initiatives have been launched at various levels to improve energy and environmental performance in the public administration. The aim of this study is to outline, from a critical perspective, the state of the art policy makers in Italy about energy efficiency measures in public administration. There are, however, many cultural, value-related, financial, technological, institutional, and operational issues in the PA sector that limit investments in energy efficiency. It should be noted that if, on the one hand, the PA shows a lack of knowledge and is unwilling to adopt practices and systemic tools for monitoring and control, and on the other, in terms of bureaucracy, the system appears to be far too complicated and costly. The multiple benefits linked to improved energy performance would therefore require that the PA rethink their organizational and functional models, put in place more flexible and less bureaucratic forms of management and a more dynamic, pervasive, and proactive approach towards initiatives that promote energy efficiency. The research is a contribution towards identifying the driving forces behind potential systems and tools for energy efficiency in the PA, highlighting both critical elements and opportunities, and in particular, the limits deriving from the technological, managerial, and organizational options available for energy efficiency enhancement in the sector of the Italian PA.

The Rise of Public Administration in China since 1978: driving forces, problems and prospects

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiannan Wu ◽  
Yilin Hou ◽  
Liang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Driving Forces

Cell interaction with graphene microsheets: near-orthogonal cutting versus parallel attachment

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5457-5467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yi ◽  
Huajian Gao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Membrane Tension ◽  
Modes Of Interaction

A theoretical study has been performed on two fundamental modes of interaction between cell membrane and graphene microsheets: near-perpendicular transmembrane penetration and parallel attachment. The analysis reveals how membrane tension, splay or bending energies contribute to the driving forces in these two interaction modes.

scholarly journals Theoretical analysis of snow-dam decay

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (128) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Xia ◽  
Ming-ko Woo
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Seepage Erosion ◽  
Thermal Erosion ◽  
Arctic Streams

AbstractSnow dams have been observed in many stream channels in the Arctic and the sub-Arctic, but there is no theoretical analysis of their decay processes. These processes include snowmelt, seepage erosion, down-cutting, snow-slope failure and flotation of the snow dam. Snowmelt can be determined by the energy balance. Seepage of water will cause serious erosion at the point where the stream or pond level in front of the dam intersects the dam face. Erosion by water overflowing the dam is due to down-cutting, under-cutting and thermal erosion. Down-cutting increases with discharge but decreases with the shear strength of the snow. Where a hydraulic jump occurs downstream of the dam, under-cutting can accelerate dam decay. Thermal erosion, depending mainly on water temperature, may be less significant than the previous two processes. Slope failure occurs when the driving forces exceed the resisting forces, and these are affected by snow property and snow load. When the stream or pond level downstream of the dam rises rapidly, the dam is prone to float. As peak flow often occurs during the break-up period, results of the theoretical study of the mechanisms of snow-dam decay will improve flood forecasting for Arctic streams.

scholarly journals Theoretical analysis of snow-dam decay

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (128) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Xia ◽  
Ming-ko Woo
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Seepage Erosion ◽  
Thermal Erosion ◽  
Arctic Streams

AbstractSnow dams have been observed in many stream channels in the Arctic and the sub-Arctic, but there is no theoretical analysis of their decay processes. These processes include snowmelt, seepage erosion, down-cutting, snow-slope failure and flotation of the snow dam. Snowmelt can be determined by the energy balance. Seepage of water will cause serious erosion at the point where the stream or pond level in front of the dam intersects the dam face. Erosion by water overflowing the dam is due to down-cutting, under-cutting and thermal erosion. Down-cutting increases with discharge but decreases with the shear strength of the snow. Where a hydraulic jump occurs downstream of the dam, under-cutting can accelerate dam decay. Thermal erosion, depending mainly on water temperature, may be less significant than the previous two processes. Slope failure occurs when the driving forces exceed the resisting forces, and these are affected by snow property and snow load. When the stream or pond level downstream of the dam rises rapidly, the dam is prone to float. As peak flow often occurs during the break-up period, results of the theoretical study of the mechanisms of snow-dam decay will improve flood forecasting for Arctic streams.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION OF INFLUENCE FACTORS ON THE FORMATION OF TERRITORIAL SYSTEM MONODEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Nataliia Smochko
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Territorial Systems

The purpose of this work is a theoretical study of a factor group influencing the formation of mono-development in socio-geographical systems, in particular the classification of factors according to the following criteria: degree of influence, nature of influence, level of influence and the impact of globalization on all groups. Methods. The study used general scientific methods, including analysis, scientific synthesis, analytical method, methods of comparison and generalization. The scientific novelty is that the article identifies different groups of factors of monodevelopment in territorial systems, which should be understood as a set of reasons for the formation of its unique properties, connections, relationships and driving forces of functioning, transformation in modern geospace. It has been revealed that objective factors of territorial system monodevelopment act as system-forming factors and directly influence the level of viability and viability of monosystem and its subsystems, determine differences of preconditions of monodevelopment of territorial system. It is manifested in territorial-component and territorial-functional aspects on the socio-economic, natural resource and demographic potentials of the territorial system. Practical meaning. The results of this study are the basis for scientific and theoretical research of the territorial system of monodevelopment, the methodological basis for revealing the features of formation, functioning and transformation (improvement, stimulation and regulation) of spatial structures in modern geospatial.

CSR as an organizational routine: Bintulu Development Authority

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Teck Hui Loi
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
City Council ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Agency ◽  
Core Business ◽  
Organizational Routine

Subject area Business ethics, corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate strategy and public administration. Study level/applicability Undergraduate (final year) and Master level course (e.g. MBA, EMBA, Master in management and Master in public administration). Case overview This case accounts the experience of a Malaysian Governmental Development Agency cum City Council, Bintulu Development Authority (BDA), in organizing and strategizing its CSR initiatives so as to discharge its self-interests and societal expectations. BDA was established following the discovery of huge reserves of natural gas and oil offshore in Bintulu, an industrial town in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia. It serves as the governmental instrument to undertake and coordinate development initiatives in Bintulu. There have been several driving forces prompted BDA to be more vigilant in discharging its social obligations along with its statutory obligations as a development agency and municipal services provider. They are, namely, the BDA Ordinance 1978 that governs its legitimate existence, the emergence of social media era that alters the access of people to information, the growing ecological and social concerns, and the unpredictable geopolitical environment that makes the logic of long-term strategic planning questionable. To ensure discharging its statutory and social obligations, BDA articulated vision and mission statements with strong social orientation. Two master development plans, embedded with social and environmental considerations, have guided BDA in translating its strategic mission into real structured development and action plans from 1978 to present. Through institutionalization of CSR elements as part of the organization's core business routines, annual budget allocation, performance control and reward mechanisms, CSR becomes an organizational routine of value to BDA. Expected learning outcomes This case has three learning objectives: it assists students to understand the contextual background of the case so as to establish the strategic position of CSR initiatives within the organization; it assists students to assess the embeddedness of CSR in an organization's core business routines and its potential sources of value creation; and it encourages students to examine the possible critical factors that enable or impede the initiation and implementation of regular CSR programs in an organization. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

Solute redistribution during in-situ irradiation of alloys in the high voltage electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 370-371
Author(s):  
P. R. Okamoto ◽  
N.Q. Lam ◽  
R. L. Lyles
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Solute Diffusion ◽  
Solute Redistribution ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Solute Atoms

During irradiation of thin foils in a high voltage electron microscope (HVEM) defect gradients will be set up between the foil surfaces and interior. In alloys defect gradients provide additional driving forces for solute diffusion since any preferential binding and/or exchange between solute atoms and mobile defects will couple a net flux of solute atoms to the defect fluxes. Thus, during irradiation large nonequilibrium compositional gradients can be produced near the foil surfaces in initially homogeneous alloys. A system of coupled reaction-rate and diffusion equations describing the build up of mobile defects and solute redistribution in thin foils and in a semi-infinite medium under charged-particle irradiation has been formulated. Spatially uniform and nonuniform damage production rates have been used to model solute segregation under electron and ion irradiation conditions.An example calculation showing the time evolution of the solute concentration in a 2000 Å thick foil during electron irradiation is shown in Fig. 1.

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