scholarly journals Soundproof Silences? Towards a Sound History of Silence

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 840-867
Author(s):  
Karsten Lichau
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Empirical Case Studies

This article calls for a sound history of silence. Widely neglected within sound-historical research, exploring the manifold sounds of silence not only fills a lacuna in scholarship, but also poses critical challenges to current discussions in the flourishing field of sound history. This theoretical claim is based on empirical case studies from another still unwritten history: the political and cultural history of the minute’s silence, a political commemoration ceremony established in the aftermath of World War I. A practice theory approach makes it possible to understand how silence was produced in specific historical contexts through a complex set of cognitive, emotional, logistical, media, physiological, sensorial and kinesthetic practices that engage (or not) with the official call for silence and make it into success or failure. Conceiving of silence as a complex acoustical practice, the article aims to establish silence as a full-fledged topic of research at the centre of sound history and to inspire research on the historical and contemporary interplay between political structures and sensory or bodily practices.

The Shaping of a Nation: Palestinians in the Last Century of Ottoman Rule

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 75-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel S. Migdal ◽  
Baruch Kimmerling
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
British Mandate ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
History Of

No period was more decisive in the modern history of Palestine than the British Mandate, which lasted from the end of World War I until 1948. Not only did British rule establish the political boundaries of Palestine, the new realities forced both Jews and Arabs in the country to redefine their social boundaries and self-identity. But the cataclysmic events that continued through 1948, with the creation of Israel and what Arabs called al-Nakba (the catastrophe of dispersal and exile), took shape in the wake of key changes stretching over the last century of Ottoman rule. What was to be Palestine after World War I became increasingly more integrated territorially during the nineteenth century. And Arab society in the last century of Ottoman rule underwent critical changes that paved the way for the emergence of a Palestinian people in the twentieth century.

The Political History of American Food Aid

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Riley
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
History Of

This book discusses the 220-year history of the political and humanitarian uses of American food as a tool of both foreign and domestic policy. During these years, food aid has been used as a weapon against the expansion of bolshevism after World War I and communism after World War II, a cudgel to force policy changes by recalcitrant recipient governments, a method for balancing disputes between Israel and Egypt, a backdoor means of increasing military aid to Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War, a signal of support to friendly governments, and a resource to help achieve economic development in food-insecure countries. At home, international food aid has, at times, been used to dump troublesome food surpluses abroad and has served politicians as a tool to secure the votes of farming constituents and the political support of agriculture-sector lobbyists, commodity traders, transporters, and shippers. Most important in the minds of many, it has been the most visible—and most popular—means of providing humanitarian aid to tens of millions of hungry men, women, and children confronted, on distant shores, by war, terrorism, and natural cataclysms and the resulting threat—if not the reality—of famine and death. The book investigates the little-known, not well-understood, and often highly contentious political processes that have converted fields of grains, crops of pulses, and herds of livestock into the tools of U.S. government policy.

scholarly journals Jødeforfølgelse Med Socialistisk Fortegn. Janina Katz’ Forfatterskab Mellem Polen Og Danmark Med Særligt Henblik På Romanen Putska

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-146
Author(s):  
Karin Wolgast
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
Jewish Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

Abstract Introducing life and work of Janina Katz, the article undertakes an analysis and interpretation of her second novel, the autofictional Putska. Born on the second of March 1939, Katz belonged to a renowned Jewish family with numerous members, of whom, however, only her mother and she survived the Second World War. Their extraordinary family history may be traced in practically all of Katz’ writings, as can her Jewish cultural heritage. The novel Putska is no exception. Its composition, characters and the image it gives of life in Cracow are examined in order to make understandable the protagonist’s decision to exile herself from Poland and migrate to Denmark, much like the author herself. 1969, having fled from that revival of anti-Semite harassment which was launched by the political leadership of socialist Poland, Katz was granted asylum in Denmark, where she soon learned the language to a perfection which enabled her to unfold a widely acknowledged literary work which does not cease to speak of her unique life experience. Central perspectives on her life and work include migration, autobiography, Jewishness and social and cultural history of Poland.

Retracing Estonia's Russians: Mikhail Kurchinskii and Interwar Cultural Autonomy

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Sociopolitical Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Political Actor ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Autonomy ◽  
History Of

In exploring the history of the Russian minority in Estonia during 1918–1940, one is inevitably drawn to the figure of Professor Mikhail Anatolevich Kurchinskii (1876–1939). An academic and journalist, Kurchinskii was also an important political actor devoted to the quest for a satisfactory resolution of the nationality question in Estonia and Europe. It is with good reason that Kurchinskii has been called “the most important theoretician and practical advocate of cultural autonomy amongst the [interwar] Russian minority in Estonia.” From 1927 he also served as a leading member of the Congress of European Minorities (CEM), which became the main promoter of the cultural autonomy concept on the wider European stage. During the same period he took a deep interest in the work of the Pan-Europe movement and the quest for a durable settlement of European affairs following the traumas of World War I. Until very recently, however, Kurchinskii has remained a neglected figure among historians, even within the narrow field of Baltic studies. This neglect is symptomatic of the lack of attention devoted to the political history of the Russian minority more generally. As the first group to implement Estonia's celebrated 1925 law on cultural autonomy, the interwar German minority has already formed the object of a number of studies. By contrast, Kurchinskii's failure to realize the autonomy project means that he—and, indeed, the Russian minority as a whole—barely receives a mention in most histories of Estonia. Just as Kurchinskii's aspirations regarding cultural autonomy were never realized during his lifetime, so his vision of building a “New Europe” faded against the background of economic depression and a retreat into inward-looking national particularism during the 1930s. The tragic fate that befell central and eastern Europe after 1939 has in turn tended to obscure many of the ideas and positive achievements of the interwar minorities movement. This article uses Kurchinskii's career to illuminate issues relating to the sociopolitical development of the Russian minority between the wars. In particular it compares Kurchinskii's thinking on minority issues with that of his rival Aleksei Janson (1866–1940), a socialist politician and pedagogical expert who served as Russian National Secretary in the Estonian Ministry of Education from 1922 to 1927. Finally, by linking Kurchinskii's quest for cultural autonomy to his broader thinking on the “New Europe,” the article assesses the relevance of these ideas to contemporary debates on the nationality question.

scholarly journals THE DON MENSHEVIKS ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF WORLD WAR I: THE SOURCE STUDY REVIEW OF MATERIALS

2016 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
T. V. Schukina ◽  
S. G. Voskoboynikov
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Tactics ◽  
The World ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Study ◽  
First Time

The paper provides the review of the known bases of sources and new documents and archival materials on the history of the Don Mensheviks organizations in the conditions of World War I. Special attention is given to the analysis of the party periodicals being the most valuable source, giving representation about the number of the Mensheviks organizations, their social base, the forms and methods of party struggle and activity. Features of the archival materials available in the central and regional archives in the context of the research topic are considered. For the first time in the regional historiography of the Mensheviks party, the authors introduce a numbers of archival documents, allowing to study the political tactics, the dynamics of quantitative and a social composition of the Mensheviks organizations in the Don area in the conditions of the World War I.

The Voice of the Provinces

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Doughan
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
World War ◽  
Irish History ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Easter Rising ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Regional Newspaper ◽  
The Voice

This book provides a comprehensive depiction of Ireland’s regional press during the turbulent years leading up to the foundation of the Irish Free State following the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921. It investigates the origins of the regional papers that reported this critical period of Irish history and profiles the personalities behind many of these publications. Furthermore, this book presents case studies of seventeen newspapers – nationalist, unionist, and independent – across the four provinces of Ireland. These case studies not only detail the history of the respective newspapers but also closely scrutinises the editorial commentary of each publication between 1914 and 1921. Consequently, a thorough analysis of how each of these regional titles responded to the many dramatic developments during these years is provided. This includes seminal events such as the outbreak of World War I, the Easter Rising of 1916, the rise of the Sinn Féin party, the War of Independence, and the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921. During this time many of Ireland’s regional newspaper titles faced censorship, suppression, and in some cases, violent attack on their premises that threatened their livelihood. In some instances, newspaper owners, editors, and their staff were arrested and imprisoned. Their experiences during these years are meticulously detailed in this book.

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