scholarly journals Vichy France’s Collaboration with Nazi Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Stephanie Kates
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Internment Camps ◽  
French Government ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vichy Regime ◽  
Second World

During the Second World War in France, a fascist government known as the Vichy Government replaced the Third French Republic. In 1995, the French government publicly admitted that shortly after signing an armistice with Nazi Germany in 1940, the Vichy regime was responsible for implementing racist policies and contributing to the deaths of tens of thousands of people. The purpose of this paper is to begin exploring the extent to which the Vichy Government participated and collaborated in the killings, internment, and discrimination of many thousands of people during the Second World War. The following article focuses on three major aspects of the Vichy Government’s collaboration: anti-Semitic legislation, the internment camps in France, and the roundup at the Vélodrome D’Hiver. The case study of the Vélodrome D'Hiver alongside the other aspects of collaboration are illustrative examples that offer new insights suggesting that Vichy France's government operated as an emphatic collaborator with Nazi Germany rather than simply submitting to or passively assisting this adminstration. The article's thesis advances the notion that this emphatic collaboration was implemented mostly without direction or instruction from the authorities of the Nazi occupying forces. 

Православізація як суспільний феномен та категорія історичної соціолінгвістики

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Галина Мацюк
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sociolinguistics ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
Second World

The purpose of the article is to introduce the concept of „conversion to Orthodoxy ” into the analysis of historical sociolinguistics for the characterization of a language situation caused by the redistribution of Ukrainian territories after the third division of Poland and during the Second World War. The objectives of the article are to reveal the meaning of the concept of „conversion to Orthodoxy” and to identify the linguistic markers of this phenomenon in contemporary religious and secular discourse. The author studies the content of the category „conversion to Orthodoxy” based on new sources that have not yet been put into circulation by sociolinguistics. Methods of analysis: case study, discourse analysis, sociolinguistic correlations, comparative and biographical method, which allowed applying socio-cultural linguistic approach to studying the database. The results related to the conversion to Orthodoxy obtained in the article prove the destruction of the national and religious identity of the Ukrainian territories in the 18th-20th centuries and illustrate intercultural communication under the scheme of integration with assimilation based on a geopolitical factor, violence and terror.

Childe and the International Congresses of Archaeology

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 91-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Díaz-Andreu
Keyword(s):  
Interest Group ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
International Congress ◽  
History Of Archaeology ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

In this article Childe's commitment to internationalism and, in particular, to the International Congress of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences (CISPP) is analysed. Personal correspondence between Childe and Myres and, to a lesser extent, other archaeologists, is used as the basis to consider the different stages in Childe's involvement in the CISPP. After an overview of the emergence of international congresses, the article looks at the formation of an interest group that resulted in the creation of the CISPP. The challenges brought by Nazi Germany to the international scene, and to Childe's positioning in it, are also explored. The article then examines his role in the revival of the international congress during and after the Second World War and his lesser commitment from the third conference in 1950. Finally, some comments are made on the value of archives for the history of archaeology, on the lack of connection between Childe's internationalism and Marxism, and on the need to further investigate the relationship between Childe and Myres.

Iranian Intellectuals, Nationalism and Nazi Germany

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-25
Author(s):  
Alexander Orishev
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Result ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Second World

The article analyzes the situation in Iran before and during the Second World War, when the warring parties represented by England, Germany and the USSR tried to bring the Iranian intelligentsia to their side. The author shows that on the eve of the war, German propagandists achieved the greatest success in this field. The main issues that could become the basis for the rapprochement of Nazi Germany and the Shah’s Iran are shown: the propaganda of the «Aryan brotherhood» and the positioning of the Third Reich as a defender of Muslims. The channels of influence of Nazism on the Iranian intelligentsia are revealed. The main scientific result: the evolution of the national consciousness of the Iranian intelligentsia is shown, and the main reasons for the final collapse of the German ideological expansion into Iran are determined.

scholarly journals The ethics and medicine: certain little known pages of history of the Third Reich and USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Igor V. Damulin
Keyword(s):  
Third Reich ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Second World

The article considers destinies of medics residing in Nazi Germany and invaded countries. They took no participation in resistance but they were annihilated mainly in ghettos and concentration camps. The particular attention is paid to physicians, including the field of neurological sciences, left memories of themselves in the form of eponym names. These eponyms are to be applied in practical activities. The information is cited concerning inhuman programs of sterilization and euthanasia existed in Nazi Germany. It is emphasized that these programs occurred not in empty place because background of their development existed before Nazi came into power and the uSA included. And at that, experiments with prisoners continued to be implemented in the uSA even after the Second world war. The article draws attention to the importance of ethic aspects in activities of medics.

Whose Repressed Memories? Max Manus: Man of War and Flame & Citron (from a Swede’s Point of View)

2015 ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Hedling
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Repressed Memories ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Swedish History ◽  
Second World

In 2008, both Norway and Denmark delivered major contributions to the cinematic genre of the ‘occupation drama’ (Norwegian), or ‘occupation film’ (Danish): the Norwegian film was Max Manus: Man of War (Max Manus, Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg, 2008) and the Danish Flame & Citron (Flammen og citronen, Ole Christian Madsen, 2008). In Scandinavia, these generic markers refer to many films set during the Second World War and depicting the fates of Danes and Norwegians in the years 1940–5, when their respective countries were occupied by Nazi Germany. Thus, both Norway and Denmark eventually came to be on the victorious allied side of the war. The other Nordic countries had different obligations. Sweden, most importantly in the present context, was neutral and kept its independence throughout the war. This chapter will study how Max Manus: Man of War and Flame & Citron can be understood in a Swedish context, referring to Swedish history during the war, textual analyses of mainly the scenes from Sweden in the films, and the reception of the films in Sweden. That is, I analyse Norwegian and Danish perceptions of Sweden during the war, but strictly from a Swede’s point of view.

Turning Aliens into Socialists

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Jessica Moberg
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swedish History ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Highly Evolved

Immediately after the Second World War Sweden was struck by a wave of sightings of strange flying objects. In some cases these mass sightings resulted in panic, particularly after authorities failed to identify them. Decades later, these phenomena were interpreted by two members of the Swedish UFO movement, Erland Sandqvist and Gösta Rehn, as alien spaceships, or UFOs. Rehn argued that ‘[t]here is nothing so dramatic in the Swedish history of UFOs as this invasion of alien fly-things’ (Rehn 1969: 50). In this article the interpretation of such sightings proposed by these authors, namely that we are visited by extraterrestrials from outer space, is approached from the perspective of myth theory. According to this mythical theme, not only are we are not alone in the universe, but also the history of humankind has been shaped by encounters with more highly-evolved alien beings. In their modern day form, these kinds of ideas about aliens and UFOs originated in the United States. The reasoning of Sandqvist and Rehn exemplifies the localization process that took place as members of the Swedish UFO movement began to produce their own narratives about aliens and UFOs. The question I will address is: in what ways do these stories change in new contexts? Texts produced by the Swedish UFO movement are analyzed as a case study of this process.

«The enemy of my enemy»: actions of Azerbaijan «Musavat» party in Germany (1933–1939)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Й. Шнелле
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Second World

В данной статье рассматриваются отношения "Мусават", бывшей правящей партии Азербайджанской Республики и наиболее активной партии азербайджанских эмигрантов, с Третьим Рейхом в довоенный период. В 1933–1939 гг. Германия сыграла большую роль для партии «Мусават» в поисках союзников в борьбе против СССР. Мусаватисты некоторое время сотрудничали с Антикоминтерном в области антикоммунистической пропаганды и в 1939 г. были под покровительством Внешнеполитического управления НСДАП. Тем не менее положение «Мусават» в Германии оставалось неустойчивым вплоть до начала Второй мировой войны, надежды этой партии на эффективную поддержку со стороны Берлина не оправдались. The article examines relations between «Musavat», the former leading party of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the most active party of Azerbaijan immigrants, and the Third Reich during the pre-war period. In 1933–1939 Germany helped the party in search for anti-Soviet allies. Members of «Musavat» collaborated with the Anti-Comintern in Anti-Bolshevik Propaganda activities in 1939, they were under the NSDAP Office of Foreign Affairs protection. Never the less «Musavat» party haven’t gained a steady position till the beginning of the Second World War, it’s hopes for effective help and support from Berlin were not realized.

Eurasians in British Asia during the Second World War

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELICIA YAP
Keyword(s):  
Racial Politics ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Internment Camps ◽  
Critical Position ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Second World

One of the most important minorities in the British colonial empire in Asia consisted of those of mixed European and Asian parentage and/or ancestry, or Eurasians, as they were widely known. It is perhaps surprising that despite the voluminous literature written about British colonial communities in the East, relatively little scholarly attention has been paid to Eurasians and their histories. A closer examination of the members of this marginalised colonial category is nevertheless crucial as they stood at the problematic boundaries of racial politics and identity, and are therefore vital to our understanding of the tensions of empire. The few existing studies of Eurasians in British Asia have tended to focus on the experiences of Eurasians either before or after the Second World War, neglecting the period of Japanese occupation as a significant epoch in the evolution of these communities. In reality, if we intend to unravel the multi-layered history of Eurasians in this region, we must examine the critical position of these colonial communities during this tumultuous period. The nuances of their intriguing wartime relationships with both the British and the Japanese also merit serious attention. With these aims in mind, this article will investigate the compelling experiences of Eurasian communities in Japanese-occupied British Asia, with an especial focus on those who were incarcerated by the Japanese in civilian internment camps in Hong Kong and Singapore.

Sozialismus und Zionismus

Aschkenas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-200
Author(s):  
Hans-Harald Müller
Keyword(s):  
Social Democracy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Second World

Abstract Arnold Zweig and Walter A. Berendsohn, who were in correspondence with each other between 1909 and 1968, continuously sought to convert the other to their beliefs. Around 1910 Zweig wanted to convert Berendsohn to Zionism as coined by Buber, while his views changed after his exile in Palestine, when he tried to win Berendsohn over to communism. Berendsohn, for his part, wanted to convince Zweig of social democracy around 1910, but after traveling Palestine in the 1950s tried to convince Zweig of Zionism. Viewed retrospectively, both appear as idealistic German intellectuals whose eagerness to reform society in 1910 led them in very different directions due to their individual experiences especially in and after the Second World War.

Philosophical Ideas of Yanaihara Tadao:Nationalism, Pacifism and the Concept of the “Just War”

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Anna D. Bertova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Just War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Postwar Japan ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

Prominent Japanese economist, specialist in colonial politics, a professor of Im­perial Tokyo University, Yanaihara Tadao (1893‒1961) was one of a few people who dared to oppose the aggressive policy of Japanese government before and during the Second World War. He developed his own view of patriotism and na­tionalism, regarding as a true patriot a person who wished for the moral develop­ment of his or her country and fought the injustice. In the years leading up to the war he stated the necessity of pacifism, calling every war evil in the ultimate, divine sense, developing at the same time the concept of the «just war» (gisen­ron), which can be considered good seen from the point of view of this, imper­fect life. Yanaihara’s theory of pacifism is, on one hand, the continuation of the one proposed by his spiritual teacher, the founder of the Non-Church movement, Uchimura Kanzo (1861‒1930); one the other hand, being a person of different historical period, directly witnessing the boundless spread of Japanese militarism and enormous hardships brought by the war, Yanaihara introduced a number of corrections to the idealistic theory of his teacher and proposed quite a specific explanation of the international situation and the state of affairs in Japan. Yanai­hara’s philosophical concepts influenced greatly both his contemporaries and successors of the pacifist ideas in postwar Japan, and contributed to the dis­cussion about interrelations of pacifism and patriotism, and also patriotism and religion.

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