scholarly journals Reduction of bilirubin ditaurate by the intestinal bacterium Clostridium perfringens.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Koníčková ◽  
Alena Jirásková ◽  
Jaroslav Zelenka ◽  
Ladislav Lešetický ◽  
Martin Štícha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
Intestinal Bacterium ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Bilirubin is degraded in the human gut by microflora into urobilinoids. In our study we investigated whether the bilirubin-reducing strain of Clostridium perfringens can reduce bilirubin ditaurate (BDT), a bile pigment of some lower vertebrates, without hydrolysis of the taurine moiety. C. perfringes was incubated under anaerobic conditions with BDT; reduction products were quantified by spectrophotometry and separated by TLC. Based on Rf values of BDT reduction products and synthetic urobilinogen ditaurate, three novel taurine-conjugated urobilinoids were identified. It is likely that bilirubin-reducing enzyme(s) serve for the effective disposal of electrons produced by fermentolytic processes in these anaerobic bacteria.

scholarly journals A Putative Amidase Endolysin Encoded by Clostridium perfringens St13 Exhibits Specific Lytic Activity and Synergizes with the Muramidase Endolysin Psm

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Sekiya ◽  
Maho Okada ◽  
Eiji Tamai ◽  
Toshi Shimamoto ◽  
Tadashi Shimamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Lytic Activity ◽  
Intestinal Bacterium ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Cell Wall Binding

Clostridium perfringens is an often-harmful intestinal bacterium that causes various diseases ranging from food poisoning to life-threatening fulminant disease. Potential treatments include phage-derived endolysins, a promising family of alternative antimicrobial agents. We surveyed the genome of the C. perfringens st13 strain and identified an endolysin gene, psa, in the phage remnant region. Psa has an N-terminal catalytic domain that is homologous to the amidase_2 domain, and a C-terminal domain of unknown function. psa and gene derivatives encoding various Psa subdomains were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as N-terminal histidine-tagged proteins. Purified His-tagged full-length Psa protein (Psa-his) showed C. perfringens-specific lytic activity in turbidity reduction assays. In addition, we demonstrated that the uncharacterized C-terminal domain has cell wall-binding activity. Furthermore, cell wall-binding measurements showed that Psa binding was highly specific to C. perfringens. These results indicated that Psa is an amidase endolysin that specifically lyses C. perfringens; the enzyme’s specificity is highly dependent on the binding of the C-terminal domain. Moreover, Psa was shown to have a synergistic effect with another C. perfringens-specific endolysin, Psm, which is a muramidase that cleaves peptidoglycan at a site distinct from that targeted by Psa. The combination of Psa and Psm may be effective in the treatment and prevention of C. perfringens infections.

scholarly journals Effects of Ethanol on the Activity of Clostridium perfringens Sialidase: Activation of the Hydrolysis of Ganglioside GM3.

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1923-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuniyo INOUYE ◽  
Katsuyoshi SHIGETA
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Ganglioside Gm3 ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Improved chamber for the isolation of anaerobic microorganisms

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
M E Cox ◽  
J I Mangels
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
The Media ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Latex Rubber

A small portable chamber for the recovery of anaerobic bacteria is described. This rigid chamber is constructed of clear acrylic with dimensions of 30 inches (ca. 76.2 cm) wide, 18 inches (ca. 44.7 cm) deep, and 18 inches (ca. 44.7 cm) high. Conventional bacteriological techniques can be used inside the chamber to efficiently isolate strict anaerobic organisms. An adapter allows the attachment of a standard anaerobic jar to the outside of the chamber. The jar can be used to store reduced media. Once the jar is attached to the chamber and the media is removed to the interior of the chamber, the jar is available to receive inoculated media. The anaerobic jar can then be removed from the chamber, without contaminating the jar or chamber with oxygen, and be placed in a conventional 37degreesC incubator. This chamber also allows the microbiologist to process cultures without wearing gloves as was necessary with previous anaerobic chambers. Air-tight latex rubber sleeves seal around the microbiologists arms and to the armport flange of the chamber to prevent the introduction of oxygen into the chamber. Anaerobic conditions are maintained by circulating a 80% N2, 10% H2, 10% CO2 gas mixture through alumina pellets coated with palladium. This study indicates that anaerobic conditions obtained in this chamber are sufficient for recovery of obligate anaerobes.

Reductive Dechlorination of Methoxychlor and DDT by Human Intestinal Bacterium Eubacterium limosum Under Anaerobic Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Jin Yim ◽  
Jiyoung Seo ◽  
Su-Il Kang ◽  
Joong-Hoon Ahn ◽  
Hor-Gil Hur
Keyword(s):  
Reductive Dechlorination ◽  
Intestinal Bacterium ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Eubacterium Limosum

scholarly journals Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens Occurrence in Kazakh Honey Samples

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balgabay Maikanov ◽  
Raikhan Mustafina ◽  
Laura Auteleyeva ◽  
Jan Wiśniewski ◽  
Krzysztof Anusz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Toxin Sequence ◽  
East Kazakhstan

The aim of this study was to assess occurrence of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens in honey samples from Kazakhstan. Analyses were carried out using a set of PCR methods for identification of anaerobic bacteria, and detection of toxin genes of C. botulinum and C. perfringens. Among 197 samples, C. botulinum was noticed in only one (0.5%). The isolated strain of this pathogen showed the presence of the bont/A and ntnh genes. C. perfringens strains were isolated from 18 (9%) samples, and mPCR (multiplex PCR) analysis led to them all being classified as toxin type A with the ability to produce α toxin. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA genes showed occurrence in 4 samples of other anaerobes related to C. botulinum, which were C. sporogenes and C. beijerinckii strains. C. botulinum prevalence in honey samples from Kazakhstan in comparison to the prevalence in samples collected from the other regions seems to be less. The highest prevalence of Clostridium sp. was noticed in the East Kazakhstan province. Our study is the first survey on BoNT-producing clostridia and C. perfringens prevalence in Kazakh honey.

Growth and Sporulation Potential of Clostridium perfringens in Aerobic and Vacuum-Packaged Cooked Beef

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. JUNEJA ◽  
B. S. MARMER ◽  
A. J. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Growth of Clostridium perfringens in aerobic-and anaerobic-(vacuum) packaged cooked ground beef was investigated. Autoclaved ground beef was inoculated with ~3.0-log10 CFU/g of C. perfringens, packaged and stored at various temperatures. Vegetative cells and heat-resistant spores were enumerated by plating unheated and heated (75°C for 20 min) meat samples on tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar. Clostridium perfringens grew to >7 logs within 12 h at 28, 37 and 42°C under anaerobic atmosphere and at 37 and 42°C under aerobic conditions. At 28°C under aerobic conditions, growth was relatively slow and total viable count increased to >6 logs within 36 h. Similarly, growth at 15°C in air was both slower and less than under vacuum. Regardless of packaging, the organism either declined or did not grow at 4, 8 and 12°C. Spores were not found at <12°C. Spores were detected as early as 8 h at 42°C under anaerobic conditions, but in general, the type of atmosphere had little influence on sporulation at ≥28°C. Temperature abuse (28°C storage) of refrigerated products for 6 h will not permit C. perfringens growth. However, cyclic and static temperature abuse of such products for relatively long periods may lead to high and dangerous numbers of organisms. Reheating such products to an internal temperature of 65°C before consumption would prevent food poisoning since the vegetative cells were killed.

The potential of anaerobic bacteria to degrade chlorinated compounds

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H.A. van Eekert ◽  
G. Schraa
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Chlorinated Ethenes ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Chlorinated Aromatics ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Acetogenic Bacteria ◽  
Uasb Reactors

Chlorinated ethenes and chlorinated aromatics are often found as pollutants in sediments, groundwater, and wastewater. These compounds were long considered to be recalcitrant under anaerobic conditions. In the past years however, dechlorination of these compounds has been found to occur under anaerobic conditions at contaminated sites and in wastewater treatment systems. This dechlorination is mainly attributed to halo-respiring bacteria, which are able to couple this dechlorination to energy conservation via electron transport coupled phosphorylation. The dechlorinating activities of the halo-respiring bacteria seem to be confined to the dechlorination of chloroethenes and chlorinated aromatic compounds. In addition, methanogenic and acetogenic bacteria are also able to reduce the chlorinated ethenes via a-specific cometabolic pathways. Although these latter reactions may not be important in the remediation of contaminated sites, they may be of substantial influence in the start-up of remediation processes and in the application of granular sludge from UASB reactors. Specific halo-respiring bacteria may be used to increase the dechlorination activities via bioaugmentation in the case that the appropriate microorganisms are not present at the contaminated site or in the sludge.

Activation of Acetone and Other Simple Ketones in Anaerobic Bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Heider ◽  
Karola Schühle ◽  
Jasmin Frey ◽  
Bernhard Schink
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Subsequent Degradation ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Acetone and other ketones are activated for subsequent degradation through carboxylation by many nitrate-reducing, phototrophic, and obligately aerobic bacteria. Acetone carboxylation leads to acetoacetate, which is subsequently activated to a thioester and degraded via thiolysis. Two different types of acetone carboxylases have been described, which require either 2 or 4 ATP equivalents as an energy supply for the carboxylation reaction. Both enzymes appear to combine acetone enolphosphate with carbonic phosphate to form acetoacetate. A similar but more complex enzyme is known to carboxylate the aromatic ketone acetophenone, a metabolic intermediate in anaerobic ethylbenzene metabolism in denitrifying bacteria, with simultaneous hydrolysis of 2 ATP to 2 ADP. Obligately anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria activate acetone to a four-carbon compound as well, but via a different process than bicarbonate- or CO<sub>2</sub>-dependent carboxylation. The present evidence indicates that either carbon monoxide or a formyl residue is used as a cosubstrate, and that the overall ATP expenditure of this pathway is substantially lower than in the known acetone carboxylase reactions.

The chemistry of pyrrolic compounds. XIV. meso-Hydroxyprotoporphyrin IX and its derivatives

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Clezy ◽  
AJ Liepa
Keyword(s):  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
General Properties ◽  
Biliverdin Ix ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Benzoate Derivatives

The preparation of the acetate and benzoate derivatives of �-hydroxy-protoporphyrin IX is described and the hydrolysis of these enolic esters examined. The general properties of these porphyrins are discussed together with the oxidation of this system to a bile pigment identical with biliverdin IX�: with regard to spectroscopic and chromatographic characteristics.

Hydrolysis of iodothyronine glucuronides by obligately anaerobic bacteria isolated from human faecal flora

1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.W. Herder ◽  
M.P. Hazenberg ◽  
A.M. Pennock-Schröder ◽  
G. Hennemann ◽  
T.J. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
Obligately Anaerobic ◽  
Hydrolysis Of
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