scholarly journals Influence of aging of agricultural labor force on large-scale management of land

资源科学 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2284-2295
Author(s):  
Jiabin HAN ◽  
Shuyun LIU ◽  
Shufeng ZHANG ◽  
Yufeng LIU ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Scale Management

scholarly journals The Influence Paths of Agricultural Mechanization on Green Agricultural Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12984
Author(s):  
Yuanying Chi ◽  
Wenbing Zhou ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
Xiao Han
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Agricultural Mechanization ◽  
Input Efficiency

For sustainable agricultural development, increasing efforts are put on promoting agricultural mechanization and green agricultural development all over the world. Based on the panel data of Chinese provincial agriculture from 2002 to 2018, the System Generalized Method of Moments model and mediation model are constructed to explore the paths of agricultural mechanization affecting green agricultural development. The results show that agricultural mechanization can not only promote the green agricultural development directly but also indirectly by transferring the agricultural labor force and increasing fertilizer input. However, because of the surge of pesticide demand, agricultural mechanization also leads to serious pollution indirectly. With the development of large-scale agricultural machinery, the direct promotion of agricultural machinery on green agricultural development will be more significant. However, it will be less efficient to substitute more agricultural labor force with machinery power. The problem of pesticide abuse will also become more serious. Therefore, it is important for green agricultural development to encourage human capital investment in agricultural mechanization. In addition, more attention should be paid to improving the input efficiency of fertilizers and pesticides so that agriculture will be sustainable in production and the ecological environment.

scholarly journals Effect of the scale of production on the cost-effectiveness of milk production systems belonging to the “Balde Cheio” program

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Flávio De Moraes ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Lopes ◽  
Francisval De Melo Carvalho ◽  
Afonso Aurélio de Carvalho Peres ◽  
Fábio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Return On Capital ◽  
The Cost

This study investigates the cost-effectiveness of 20 demonstration units (DUs) belonging to the "Balde Cheio" program. The units in question are from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, dating from January to December 2011, and are sorted according to the scale of production (small, medium and large). The data were analyzed using Predictive Analytical software (PASW) 18.0. The scale of production influenced the total cost of milk production, and therefore profitability and cost-effectiveness. The large-scale stratum showed the lowest total unit cost. The positive results in medium and large scales in milk production lead to optimal conditions for long-term production, with the capitalization of cowmen. The items regarding the effective operating cost (EOC) with the biggest influence on the costs of dairy activity in the small scale stratum were food, energy and miscellaneous expenses. In the medium scale, these were food, labor force, and miscellaneous expenses. Finally, in the large scale, they were food, labor force and energy. In the small and large scale, the items regarding the total cost with the biggest influence on the costs of dairy activity were food, labor force, and return on capital, while in the medium scale, they were food, return on capital, and labor force. The average break-even point of 14 of the DUs was higher than the average daily production.

scholarly journals The Impact of Urbanization on Farmland Productivity: Implications for China’s Requisition–Compensation Balance of Farmland Policy

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongqi Deng ◽  
Qianyu Zhao ◽  
Helen X. H. Bao
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

The rapid growth of China’s economy since the reform in 1978 should be largely attributed to urbanization. Nonetheless, in terms of farmland productivity, urbanization may lead to perverse incentives and thus threaten food security. On the one hand, the requisition–compensation balance of farmland (RCBF) policy could reduce farmland productivity because of a “superior occupation and inferior compensation”; on the other hand, urbanization promotes the transfer of the younger labor force and thus reduces the productivity of the agricultural labor force. To investigate the undesirable effects, based on some stylized facts, this study selects 29,415 county-level samples in a Chinese county from 2000–2014 to construct an empirical model. With a new stochastic frontier analysis method that eliminates the classical econometric issues of endogeneity and heterogeneity, the empirical results show that there is a U-shaped relationship between the farmland use efficiency (productivity) and urbanization rate, indicating that only when the urbanization rate is relatively low would urbanization decrease the farmland use efficiency; in contrast, when the urbanization rate is relatively high, technical progress would obviously be accompanied by urbanization, and thus, the undesirable effects are fully offset. Furthermore, the U-shaped relationship is robust after considering the endogeneity of the urbanization rate and total-factor farmland use efficiency. With these findings, recommendations to implement sustainable management and conservation policies regarding farmland resources are made.

An Insight of Rui Xiang Canvas HR Crisis (Case Study)

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Junhong Gao ◽  
Ruth Alas
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Chinese Enterprises ◽  
Authoritarian Leadership ◽  
Organization Management ◽  
Process Strategy

Research was supported by ETF grant 7537 Human resources are one of the most important competitive advantages of Chinese enterprises. China has over one billion labor force. The large scale of labor force provides Chinese organizations sufficient human resources. However, HR crisis was found as one of the three main crisis types in Chinese organizations. The causes of human resources crisis vary. In this paper, the authors aim to give a deeper analysis of one typical human resources crisis case occurred in China, so as to gather empirical based knowledge, to complete crisis theory, to provide suggestions and reference to organization management practice. The theoretical part reviewed human resources and crisis management theories. The crisis case demonstrated in this paper was collected in Chinese language. The analysis focused on three key factors of crisis management process, strategy, leadership, and communication. Finally, the authors concluded that the crisis happened due to the poor communication and crisis strategy which resulted from an extreme authoritarian leadership in the organization. To change the management style and improve communications are the suggestions to the enterprise managers. This case is a good example of the downsides of authoritarian leadership going to an extreme ending. The case can be used as a teaching material for management and business students.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.23.1.1223

The Height and Weight of West Point Cadets: Dietary Change in Antebellum America

1987 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Komlos
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
West Point ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Antebellum America ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
Antebellum Period ◽  
Industrial Labor

A decline in nutritional status is inferred from data on the height and weight of West Point cadets in the antebellum period. The decline was geographically widespread and affected farmers and blue-collar workers the most; middle-class cadets did not experience a decline in nutritional status until the Civil War. Nutritional status declined because meat output did not keep pace with population growth. Urbanization and the expansion of the industrial labor force increased the demand for food. However, the agricultural labor force grew at a slower pace, and productivity growth in food production was insufficient to redress the imbalance.

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