scholarly journals The contribution of the endocrine system to the development of osteoporosis in the elderly and senile (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-321
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Bulgakova ◽  
◽  
Dmitriy P. Kurmaev ◽  
Marina V. Silyutina ◽  
Elena A. Voronina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Osteoporosis is increasingly found in the elderly and senile, maintaining its enormous medical and social significance. The effect of hormones on bone metabolism is beyond doubt. However, currently the data on the effect of sex hormones on bone tissue prevails. As for the other hormones, sometimes, there are conflicting opinions. The aim of the study: Based on published data, to study the contribution of the endocrine system to the development of osteoporosis in the elderly. Materials and methods: Literature data was analyzed using the following search words: osteoporosis, bone mineral density, FSH, estrogens, testosterone, cortisol, vitamin D, IGF1 for 1998-2020 in computer databases PubMed, Scopus, Medical- Science, Elibrary, Web of Science, Ceeol. Results: Analysis of the literature showed that the increase of levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) plays an osteoprotective role; the decrease of levels of estrogen, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and vitamin D, as well as the increase in the levels of cortisol, parathyroid hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) contribute to bone loss in the elderly and senile. In addition, the FSH receptor (FSHR) genotype AA rs6166 is associated with low bone mineral density, regardless of estrogen level. A polyclonal antibody with an FSHR-binding sequence against mouse β-subunit of FSH is likely to be an effective tool for reducing bone loss in mice subjected to ovariectomy. Conclusion: A comprehensive assessment of the hormonal profile in the elderly and senile is needed to identify the causes of osteoporosis and the formation of an individual program of medical diagnostic and rehabilitation measures. Currently, there are all prerequisites for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for the correction of low bone density.

Hip fractures and bone mineral density of the elderly: importance of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laufey Steingrimsdottir ◽  
Thorhallur Halldorsson ◽  
Kristin Siggeirsdottir ◽  
Mary Frances Cotch ◽  
Gudny Eiriksdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D

Vitamin D Receptor Alleles Do Not Predict Bone Mineral Density or Bone Loss in Danish Perimenopausal Women

Bone ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S Hansen ◽  
B Abrahamsen ◽  
F.L Henriksen ◽  
A.P Hermann ◽  
L.B Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Perimenopausal Women

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery reduces bone mineral density and induces metabolic acidosis in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (9) ◽  
pp. R999-R1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Abegg ◽  
Nicole Gehring ◽  
Carsten A. Wagner ◽  
Annette Liesegang ◽  
Marc Schiesser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Calcium Malabsorption

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery leads to bone loss in humans, which may be caused by vitamin D and calcium malabsorption and subsequent secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, because these conditions occur frequently in obese people, it is unclear whether they are the primary causes of bone loss after RYGB. To determine the contribution of calcium and vitamin D malabsorption to bone loss in a rat RYGB model, adult male Wistar rats were randomized for RYGB surgery, sham-operation–ad libitum fed, or sham-operation–body weight-matched. Bone mineral density, calcium and phosphorus balance, acid-base status, and markers of bone turnover were assessed at different time points for 14 wk after surgery. Bone mineral density decreased for several weeks after RYGB. Intestinal calcium absorption was reduced early after surgery, but plasma calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were normal. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels decreased, while levels of active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D increased after surgery. RYGB rats displayed metabolic acidosis due to increased plasma lactate levels and increased urinary calcium loss throughout the study. These results suggest that initial calcium malabsorption may play a key role in bone loss early after RYGB in rats, but other factors, including chronic metabolic acidosis, contribute to insufficient bone restoration after normalization of intestinal calcium absorption. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is not involved in postoperative bone loss. Upregulated vitamin D activation may compensate for any vitamin D malabsorption.

scholarly journals Hypovitaminosis D, Low Bone Mineral Density, and Diabetes Mellitus as Probable Risk Factors for Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in the Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. e272-e277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Aparecida Bazoni ◽  
Daiane Soares Almeida Ciquinato ◽  
Audrey de Souza Marquez ◽  
Viviane de Souza Pinho Costa ◽  
Glória de Moraes Marchiori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Abstract Introduction Studies have found that elderly patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) may present low levels of vitamin D (25 (OH) D), changes in bone mineral density, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Objective: To investigate the possible association between BPPV, bone mineral density, hypovitaminosis D, 25 (OH) D and DM. Methods The sample consisted of 109 elderly subjects. The BPPV was verified by a standardized questionnaire and the Dix-Hallpike maneuver. Blood samples were collected for the investigation of 25 (OH) D serum levels. The bone mineral density was evaluated by means of a densitometer. Diabetes mellitus verification was performed using a self-reported questionnaire. Results Of the 109 participants, 17 had BPPV. There was a statistically significant difference between BPPV and gender (p = 0.027, phi = 0.222), with female representing 88.2% of those with BPPV. In the group with BPPV, there was a statistically significant difference for the amount of vitamin D found (p = 0.001) and for age (p = 0.001). In the elderly group with DM and BPPV, a difference was found for the standard deviation of the femur (p = 0.022) with posthoc Dunn, identifying the difference between diabetics with and without BPPV (p = 0.047). Conclusion Although no association was found (25 (OH) D levels) with BPPV in the general population of this study, it was observed that there was an association with bone mineral density in the elderly group with DM and BPPV, and, in the group with BPPV, there was an association between the amount of vitamin D and age.

scholarly journals Plenary Lecture: Strategies for skeletal health in the elderly

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Eastell ◽  
Helen Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Age Related

Osteoporosis is a common disease in the elderly, and the fractures that result from this disorder affect 40 % of women and 14 % of men over the age of 50 years. The risk of fracture relates to bone mineral density and the risk of falling, among other factors. Low bone mineral density in the elderly can result from either low peak bone mass or accelerated bone loss, or a combination of the two. Nutritional factors play a role in both the attainment of peak bone mass and in the rate of age-related bone loss. The main determinants of peak bone mass are genetic factors, early-life nutrition, diet and exercise. Of the nutritional factors Ca, and particularly milk, are the most important contributors to peak bone mass. Some of these factors may interact; for example, a low dietary Ca in addition to an unfavourable vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism may result in low peak bone mass. The age-related changes in bone mass may also have a genetic basis, but deficiency of oestrogen is a major contributor. In addition, undernutrition is common in the elderly, and lack of dietary protein contributes both to impaired bone mineral conservation and increased propensity to fall. There is a decreased ability of the intestine to adapt to a low-Ca diet with increasing age. Other dietary factors include vitamin K, Zn and fruit and vegetables. Adequate nutritional status, particularly of Ca and vitamin D, is essential for the successful pharmaceutical treatment of osteoporosis. Thus, strategies for enhancing skeletal health in the elderly must begin in early childhood, and continue throughout life.

scholarly journals Major Approaches to the Dosage of Vitamin D in the Elderly: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Moniele Matos Cadamuro ◽  
Durval Ribas Filho
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Weekly Dose ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: In the scenario of vitamin D deficiency, this incident is prevalent and with risks to public health in the world, reaching approximately 90% of individuals. Hypovitaminosis D can cause, mainly in the elderly, lower bone mineral density, fractures, muscle weakness, falls, and acute respiratory infection. Objective: To evaluate the main clinical results on vitamin D levels in the elderly, as well as to analyze which daily or weekly dose of vitamin D is most effective in the elderly in reducing the number of falls and fractures. Methods: The present study developed a systematic review, addressing randomized clinical studies, diverse clinical studies, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, and the latest international consensus, following the rules of PRISMA. Results and Conclusion: A total of 152 articles were found involving the dosage and the impact of vitamin D in the elderly. In total, 72 articles were evaluated in full and 30 were included. According to the main literary findings, vitamin D deficiency implies problems with mineralization and bone mineral density, causing fractures and an increase in the number of elderly falls. In this sense, SBEM recommends maintaining vitamin D concentrations above 30 ng/mL. Also, vitamin D deficiency points to the occurrence of neurological diseases such as cognitive decline, risk of Alzheimer's disease, and depression. In the current scenario of the pandemic, vitamin D points as an important modulator of the immune system, and its deficiency promotes the unregulated release of cytokines, leading to complications in patients with COVID-19.

Inadequate vitamin D status adversely affects trabecular bone mineral density in 14-18 year old adolescents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taryn Smith ◽  
Laura Tripkovic ◽  
Camilla Damsgaard ◽  
Christian Molgaard ◽  
Aine Hennessy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone Mineral Density
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