scholarly journals The Role of Xenobiotic Transporters in Ophthalmic Drug Delivery

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagendra Chemuturi ◽  
Jaime A Yanez
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Ocular Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug ◽  
Ocular Exposure ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The eye is a very complex sensory organ consisting of numerous structures to coordinate the function of sight. It has a series of physical and chemical barriers to help maintain its homeostasis, and mediate environmental exposures. Transporters in the eye play a very important role in maintaining homeostasis by facilitating the movement of ions, nutrients and xenobiotics to various tissues in the eye, especially to non-vascular tissues like the lens and cornea. They also ensure proper cell signaling by shuttling neurotransmitters within the retina. Thus, they are expected to play an important role in determining the ocular exposure of drugs and other pharmacotherapeutics. However, the role of ocular transporters in ophthalmic drug delivery and their clinical relevance has not been well characterized. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the current evidence in the literature on ocular drug transporters and their role in ocular drug delivery, with the emphasis predominantly on their role in ocular pharmacokinetics. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW.  Registered readers (see "For Readers") may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue's contents page. 

scholarly journals Posterior Segment Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: Role of Muco-Adhesion with a Special Focus on Chitosan

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1685
Author(s):  
Ayah Mohammad Burhan ◽  
Butsabarat Klahan ◽  
Wayne Cummins ◽  
Vanessa Andrés-Guerrero ◽  
Mark E. Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Topical Drug Delivery ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery ◽  
Mucoadhesive Polymers ◽  
Eye Tissues ◽  
Successful Design ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug

Posterior segment eye diseases (PSEDs) including age macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are amongst the major causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Due to the numerous barriers encountered, highly invasive intravitreal (IVT) injections represent the primary route to deliver drugs to the posterior eye tissues. Thus, the potential of a more patient friendly topical route has been widely investigated. Mucoadhesive formulations can decrease precorneal clearance while prolonging precorneal residence. Thus, they are expected to enhance the chances of adherence to corneal and conjunctival surfaces and as such, enable increased delivery to the posterior eye segment. Among the mucoadhesive polymers available, chitosan is the most widely explored due to its outstanding mucoadhesive characteristics. In this review, the major PSEDs, their treatments, barriers to topical delivery, and routes of topical drug absorption to the posterior eye are presented. To enable the successful design of mucoadhesive ophthalmic drug delivery systems (DDSs), an overview of mucoadhesion, its theory, characterization, and considerations for ocular mucoadhesion is given. Furthermore, chitosan-based DDs that have been explored to promote topical drug delivery to the posterior eye segment are reviewed. Finally, challenges of successful preclinical to clinical translation of these DDSs for posterior eye drug delivery are discussed.

scholarly journals Flexible Polymeric Nanosized Micelle for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: Research Progress in Recent Three Years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Li ◽  
Mingting Liu ◽  
Lingjie Ke ◽  
Li-Juan Wang ◽  
Caisheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug ◽  
Delivery Technology

The eye is a complex structure with a variety of anatomical barriers and clearance mechanisms, so the provision of safe and effective ophthalmic drug delivery technology is a major challenge....

scholarly journals Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Retinal Diseases: Basic Research to Clinical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 5403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry F. Edelhauser ◽  
Cheryl L. Rowe-Rendleman ◽  
Michael R. Robinson ◽  
Daniel G. Dawson ◽  
Gerald J. Chader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug

Nanocarriers for treatment of ocular neovascularization in the back of the eye: new vehicles for ophthalmic drug delivery

Nanomedicine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2093-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Hui Shen ◽  
Elsa C Chan ◽  
Jia Hui Lee ◽  
Youn-Shen Bee ◽  
Tsung-Wu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Ocular Neovascularization ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug

Polycarboxylic acid nanoparticles for ophthalmic drug delivery: anex vivoevaluation with human cornea

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 841-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. De ◽  
E. J. Bergey ◽  
S. J. Chung ◽  
D. J. Rodman ◽  
D. J. Bharali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Human Cornea ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acid ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug

scholarly journals Hydrogel Contact Lens for Extended Delivery of Ophthalmic Drugs

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Hu ◽  
Lingyun Hao ◽  
Huaiqing Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Yang ◽  
Guojun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Soft Contact ◽  
Soft Contact Lenses ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery ◽  
Ophthalmic Drug ◽  
Polymeric Hydrogels

Soft contact lenses can improve the bioavailability and prolong the residence time of drugs and, therefore, are ideal drug carriers for ophthalmic drug delivery. Hydrogels are the leading materials of soft contact lenses because of their biocompatibility and transparent characteristic. In order to increase the amount of load drug and to control their release at the expected intervals, many strategies are developed to modify the conventional contact lens as well as the novel hydrogel contact lenses that include (i) polymeric hydrogels with controlled hydrophilic/hydrophobic copolymer ratio; (ii) hydrogels for inclusion of drugs in a colloidal structure dispersed in the contact lenses; (iii) ligand-containing hydrogels; (iv) molecularly imprinted polymeric hydrogels; (v) hydrogel with the surface containing multilayer structure for drugs loading and releasing. The advantages and disadvantages of these strategies in modifying or designing hydrogel contact lenses for extended ophthalmic drug delivery are analyzed in this paper.

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