scholarly journals From the principle of dual-channel to the theory of constructing invariant measuring systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Nesterov
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Control ◽  
Nonlinear Transformation ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Entire Class ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Transformation Functions ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Non Equilibrium

The article presents the theoretical foundations for constructing invariant and quasi-invariant relative to the disturbing influences of measuring systems. A historical reference which shows the emergence, evolution and spread of methods of the theory of invariance from automatic control and regulation systems to information and measuring systems and measurements in general is given. The possibilities of new applications of the formulated by academician B.N. Petrov of the two-channel principle are shown. On its basis, methodological signs of the physical feasibility of structural and technological methods are formulated. Theoretical foundations and the method of linearization of principally nonlinear transformation functions of parametric measuring transducers, which are also based on the principle of two-channel, are given. All theoretical positions are supported by practical examples that extend the capabilities of the considered methods to the entire class of parametric measuring transducers as part of non-equilibrium measuring bridges and voltage dividers.

Nanotechnology in mechanical engineering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Георгий Волков ◽  
Georgiy Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Federal State ◽  
Technical Direction ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Educational Standard ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
State Educational ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The textbook describes the theoretical foundations and technological methods of implementation of the unique properties of the nanoscale state of matter in engineering. Examples of implementation of unique properties of materials of this class in engineering products with consumer properties above the world level are given. The theoretical basis of design and production technology of metamaterials, which are a logical continuation and the next stage of development of traditional nanomaterial science.. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation. For graduate students of engineering universities. It can be useful to engineers and technicians as an introductory course in the scientific and technical direction "Nanotechnology" for the use of new generation materials in the development of engineering products.

Online devices and measuring systems for the automatic control of newspaper printing

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta A. Marszalec ◽  
Ismo Heikkila ◽  
Helene Juhola ◽  
Tapio Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Control ◽  
Measuring Systems

scholarly journals Automatic control system for Torque National Standard

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Galván-Mancilla ◽  
J. C. Torres-Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Automatic Control System ◽  
Technical Development ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
High Consumption

The continuous development of the technology and the increase of its complexity demand wider measurement intervals, a greater exactness and a greater diversity of the standards used in order to establish the units or measuring systems. Torque metrology is of great importance and a magnitude is of common use for industry, technical development and research. The realization, quantification and dissemination of this magnitude are tasks assigned to the Metrology National Center (CENAM) Torque Laboratory, in Mexico. For the dissemination of this magnitude the Torque National Standard relies on a system, which, in its original design, was operated manually originating high consumption of man-hours in the development of a calibration. This work presents the standard automation and the benefits of the automatic control system.

1250-kilovolt scanning transmission electron microscope

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 624-625
Author(s):  
T. Imura ◽  
S. Maruse ◽  
K. Mihama ◽  
M. Iseki ◽  
M. Hibino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Voltage Generator ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
New Applications ◽  
High Voltage Generator

Ultra high voltage STEM has many inherent technical advantages over CTEM. These advantages include better signal detectability and signal processing capability. It is hoped that it will explore some new applications which were previously not possible. Conventional STEM (including CTEM with STEM attachment), however, has been unable to provide these inherent advantages due to insufficient performance and engineering problems. Recently we have developed a new 1250 kV STEM and completed installation at Nagoya University in Japan. It has been designed to break through conventional engineering limitations and bring about theoretical advantage in practical applications.In the design of this instrument, we exercised maximum care in providing a stable electron probe. A high voltage generator and an accelerator are housed in two separate pressure vessels and they are connected with a high voltage resistor cable.(Fig. 1) This design minimized induction generated from the high voltage generator, which is a high frequency Cockcroft-Walton type, being transmitted to the electron probe.

Application of analytical electron microscopy to studies of equilibrium and non-equilibrium segregation in materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1214-1215
Author(s):  
Edward A Kenik
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Probe Diameter ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Solute Atoms ◽  
Equilibrium Segregation ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Segregation of solute atoms to grain boundaries, dislocations, and other extended defects can occur under thermal equilibrium or non-equilibrium conditions, such as quenching, irradiation, or precipitation. Generally, equilibrium segregation is narrow (near monolayer coverage at planar defects), whereas non-equilibrium segregation exhibits profiles of larger spatial extent, associated with diffusion of point defects or solute atoms. Analytical electron microscopy provides tools both to measure the segregation and to characterize the defect at which the segregation occurs. This is especially true of instruments that can achieve fine (<2 nm width), high current probes and as such, provide high spatial resolution analysis and characterization capability. Analysis was performed in a Philips EM400T/FEG operated in the scanning transmission mode with a probe diameter of <2 nm (FWTM). The instrument is equipped with EDAX 9100/70 energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and Gatan 666 parallel detection electron energy loss spectrometry (PEELS) systems. A double-tilt, liquid-nitrogen-cooled specimen holder was employed for microanalysis in order to minimize contamination under the focussed spot.

Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Le Bellac ◽  
Fabrice Mortessagne ◽  
G. George Batrouni
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Thermodynamics ◽  
Non Equilibrium
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