Effects of Ethanol and α-Pinene in a Generic Trap Lure Blend for Pine Bark and Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-320
Author(s):  
D.R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Thanasimus Dubius ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Hylobius Pales ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Wood Boring

Abstract Managers of detection programs for bark and wood-boring beetles require cost-effective trap lure combinations that maximize species detections. A trapping study was conducted in 2012 to determine the effects of ethanol and α-pinene lures on beetle catches in traps baited with ipsenol and ipsdienol lures in a stand of Pinus taeda L. in north-central Georgia. Traps with all four compounds worked well for 20 of 25 species of bark and wood-boring beetles, and associated predators. Catches of Acanthocinus obsoletus (LeConte) and Monochamus titillator (F.) (Cerambycidae), Hylastes porculus Erichson, Hylastes salebrosus Eichhoff, Hylobius pales (Herbst), Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff) (Curculionidae), Thanasimus dubius (F.) (Cleridae), and Temnoscheila virescens (F.) (Trogossitidae) in baited traps increased with the addition of ethanol and α-pinene with maximum catches in traps baited with all four compounds. Catches of Ips avulsus (Eichhoff) (Curculionidae) decreased with the addition of both compounds; the lowest numbers of I. avulsus and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) were caught in traps baited with all four compounds. α-Pinene increased catches of Buprestis lineata F. (Buprestidae), Ips calligraphus (Germar), Pachylobius picivorus (Germar) (Curculionidae), Corticeus spp. (Tenebrionidae), Lasconotus spp., and Pycnomerus sulcicollis LeConte (Zopheridae); ethanol had no effect on these species. Ethanol increased trap catches of Curius dentatus Newman (Cerambycidae), Dryoxylon onoharaense (Murayama) (Curculionidae) and Platysoma spp. (Histeridae); α-pinene reduced catches. The data suggest that ethanol and α-pinene should be retained with ipsenol and ipsdienol as a generic trap lure blend for pine bark and wood-boring beetles in southeastern United States.

Interaction of Prodiamine and Flumioxazin for Nursery Weed Control

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Stephen C. Marble
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Both prodiamine and flumioxazin are used in the nursery production and landscape maintenance industries in the southeastern United States for preemergence weed control. Research was conducted to determine whether a tank mixture of these two herbicides would be more effective than either component applied alone. Prodiamine alone, flumioxazin alone, and a 72 : 28 (by weight) prodiamine–flumioxazin mixture were each applied at a series of rates to containers filled with a pine bark–sand substrate that is typical for nursery production in the southeastern United States. Our intent was to have a rate range that hopefully extended from ineffective to lethal for each treatment series. Subsequent to treatment, containers were overseeded with either large crabgrass, spotted spurge, or eclipta. Percent control was determined by comparing treated weed foliage fresh weight to that of the appropriate nontreated control at 6 and 12 wk after application. ANOVA followed by nonlinear regression was used to evaluate the interaction of prodiamine and flumioxazin when combined and to determine the rate of each treatment series required for 95% control (if applicable) for each of the three weed species. Results varied with weed species. The mixture was synergistic and more cost effective than either of the components applied alone in controlling spotted spurge. With respect to large crabgrass control, the mixture was additive and slightly more cost effective than the components. Eclipta could only be controlled with flumioxazin, and this control was antagonized by the addition of prodiamine.

scholarly journals Historical Patterns of Forest Fertilization in the Southeastern United States from 1969 to 2004

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Albaugh ◽  
H. Lee Allen ◽  
Thomas R. Fox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Forest Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Based on historical forest fertilization survey records, over 16 million ac were fertilized in the southeastern United States from 1969 to 2004, with the peak forest fertilizer application in 1999, when 1.59 million ac were fertilized. The 1999 applications were largely on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.; 91%) in established stands (78%) and included both nitrogen and phosphorus, typically as urea and diammonium phosphate fertilizers, respectively. On a tonnage basis from 2000 to 2004, the average amount of forest-applied urea and diammonium phosphate represented 2.5% of those materials applied in the United States. The number of acres fertilized approximately doubled every 2 years from 1991 through 1999. This increase can be attributed to a shift in forest production interests to the southeastern United States at a time when research results were showing positive biological and economic responses to nitrogen and phosphorus applications in midrotation southern pine stands. Common application rates for nitrogen and phosphorus were 200 and 50 lb elemental nitrogen ac−1and 25 and 50 lb elemental phosphorus ac−1 for stands >2 years old and ≤2 years old, respectively. In 1994, application of elements other than nitrogen and phosphorus, including potassium, boron, and magnesium, began in response to newly available research results. Boron was applied to 30% of the total number of acres fertilized in 2004, likely because boron, when applied with urea, may reduce nitrogen volatilization.

PHEROMONE-BASED AGGREGATION IN ORTHOTOMICUS CAELATUS (EICHHOFF) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (11) ◽  
pp. 933-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Phillips ◽  
Thomas H. Atkinson ◽  
John L. Foltz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Pheromone System ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractTwo field experiments were conducted to determine if Orthotomicus caelatus (Eichhoff) was attracted to pine bolts infested with conspecifics and to assess the roles of the sexes in attraction. Traps baited with pine bolts artificially infested with males attracted both males and females, but traps baited with uninfested bolts or bolts with females caught very low numbers of beetles. The addition of females to bolts with males reduced the attraction produced by males in a second experiment. Bolts with males and females did not reduce the attraction produced by other males in adjacent bolts, suggesting that females do not produce a masking pheromone. The pheromone system of O. caelatus is similar to those known for other species in the Ipini in which males initiate gallery construction, produce an attractant, and attract females and opportunistic males. Preliminary gas chromatographic analyses of extracts of hindguts and frass from males boring on pine bolts suggested the presence of ipsdienol and ipsenol, two commonly occurring pheromones in other species of the Ipini. The pheromone system of O. caelatus is discussed with regard to the complexity of the pine bark beetle guild in the southeastern United States.

Postemergence Weed Control with Glyphosate Plus Flumioxazin Combinations

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Stephen C. Marble
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Nursery Production

Glyphosate plus flumioxazin tank mixtures have become popular in the nursery production and landscape maintenance industries in the southeastern United States. Research was conducted to compare the efficacy of such a mixture relative to the components applied alone. Glyphosate, flumioxazin, and glyphosate plus flumioxazin (2 : 1, w/w) were applied POST in container trials to four weed species at a series of rates that ranged from no effect to death. Regression analyses revealed that control data from all three treatment series could be described by the four-parameter, log-logistic model. With respect to glyphosate and flumioxazin applied alone, analysis revealed that across all four species, a lower rate of flumioxazin was required for 90% control than of glyphosate. The rate of the mixture required for 90% control was generally intermediate to the components applied alone and ranged from 0.36 kg ha−1 for hairy bittercress to 1.52 kg ha−1 for eclipta. Glyphosate alone was more cost effective than either flumioxazin alone or the mixture for the POST-applied control of all four species. The popularity of the tank mixture might be the result of flumioxazin-based PRE activity that was not measured in this study.

Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Habitat Manipulation ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
Black Bass ◽  
Restoration Practices ◽  
Goals And Objectives

<em>Abstract</em>.—Stream restoration techniques in the southeastern United States have focused mostly on habitat manipulation. However, using simple and aggressive methodologies is necessary to promote cost effective methods of restoring habitat. A review of stream restoration practices is provided, with two detailed and different restoration scenarios presented, followed by a discussion on the effectiveness of these methods and lessons learned to help facilitate a range of options during the development of restoration goals and objectives.

Performance of Diverse Provenances of Loblolly Pine Throughout the Southeastern United States

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. McKeand ◽  
R. J. Weir ◽  
A. V. Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Unimproved loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlots from Livingston Parish, LA, Marion County, FL, Gulf Hammock (Levy County), FL, and the Eastern Shore of MD and VA were established in field trials throughout the southeastern United States in 1975-1978. When compared to open-pollinatedfamilies from first-generation seed orchards at eight years of age, stem height and fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) resistance of Livingston Parish trees were better in most locations, but survival was generally poorer. In the northernmost environments,the Livingston Parish provenance grew poorly and had very poor survival, indicating a low adaptability to these sites. The two Florida provenances had average performance only in the deep South. The Eastern Shore provenance had average growth in Virginia and other colder climates both withinand outside the natural range of loblolly pine. In every region, Eastern Shore was above average in survival and exhibited the best rust resistance of any provenance tested. South. J. Appl. For. 13(1):46-51

scholarly journals Pollination Bag Type Has a Significant Impact on Cone Survival in Mass Production of Controlled Pollinated Seeds in Loblolly Pine

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-599
Author(s):  
Austin J Heine ◽  
Trevor D Walker ◽  
Steven E McKeand ◽  
Jackson B Jett ◽  
Fikret Isik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Kraft Paper ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Since 2009, deployment of full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) has gained prominence in the southeastern United States. To produce full-sib seed, a pollination bag is used to isolate female strobili from outside pollen contamination, and a known pollen is applied at the time of maximum female strobilus receptivity. The goal of this study was to compare prototype pollination bags made by PBS International to the industry standard kraft paper pollination bag with and without a support wire for female strobili survival and to assess their efficiency for mass production of controlled cross loblolly pine seed. A multiyear study compared 13 pollination bag types at more than nine seed orchard sites across the southeastern United States. There were significant differences among bag types for conelet survival at the time of bag removal that persisted until cone harvest 18 months later. Female strobili bagged in prototype PBS-I2 were over three times more likely to survive to cone harvest than strobili inside the traditional kraft pollination bag. Two of the PBS bag types had the highest estimated filled seed per bag. One PBS bag was faster to install and remove than the kraft paper bag with a support wire.

RESPONSE OF CONE AND TWIG BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) AND A PREDATOR (COLEOPTERA: CLERIDAE) TO PITYOL, CONOPHTHORIN, AND VERBENONE

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter de Groot ◽  
Gary L. DeBarr
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Thanasimus Dubius ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Pheromone Communication ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Potential Inhibitors ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Conophthorus Coniperda

AbstractField studies were conducted in the United States and Canada to determine the response of the white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz), and the red pine cone beetle, Conophthorus resinosae Hopkins, to two potential inhibitors, conophthorin and verbenone, of pheromone communication. Trap catches of male C. coniperda and C. resinosae were significantly reduced and generally declined with increasing concentrations of conophthorin in traps baited with the pityol, a female-produced pheromone. Verbenone did not significantly reduce trap catches of C. coniperda. Conophthorin, but not verbenone, significantly reduced cone attacks by C. coniperda when placed near cone clusters. The twig beetles, Pityophthorus cariniceps LeConte and Pityophthorus puberulus (LeConte), responded to traps with pityol and α-pinene baits alone or with conophthorin. Thanasimus dubius (F) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) was attracted to the pityol and α-pinene, but conophthorin had no effect on attraction of this generalist bark beetle predator. Verbenone significantly reduced trap catches of T. dubius in pityol-baited traps.

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