scholarly journals Description of Immature Stages of the Brown Dog Tick Rhipicephalus Sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

Author(s):  
Sobhy Abdel Shafy ◽  
Amira H. El Namaky ◽  
Hala A. Abou Zeina ◽  
Alaa A Ghazy

Tick borne pathogens present a significant health challenge to animals and human because a single tick may transmit multiple pathogens to a mammalian host during feeding. The present study detected tick-borne pathogens from pet dogs. A total of 666 ticks were collected from 144 pet and sheltered dogs in Egypt from April to September 2018. For hemolymph, midgut and salivary gland smears 546 ticks were used as well as 360 egg smears from 120 female tick were examined by light microscope. The infected ticks were prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ticks were identified; Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Light microscopy showed infection rates of 44.69%, 68.50% & 15.75%, in hemolymph, midgut and salivary gland, respectively. H. canis recorded the highest rates in hemolymph and midgut (35.89% & 49.82%, respectively), but Theileria spp. was the lowest (0.73% & 2.93%, respectively). In salivary gland smears, Babesia canis. was detected in 13.55% and Theileria spp. in 1.83%. Mixed infection in same tick was recorded in 4.76% &0.37% in midgut and salivary gland smears, respectively. Babesia canis stages were recovered from 15% of egg smears. R. sanguineus was natural infected by Babesia, Theileria, Hepatozoon and Anaplasma phagocytophilum as well as mixed infections of protozoa accompanied by a complicated sign of diseases and failure in accurate diagnosis.


Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4789 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIULIA SCARPARO ◽  
ROBERT WOLTON ◽  
MARCO MOLFINI ◽  
LUIGI CAO PINNA ◽  
ANDREA DI GIULIO

Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of the genus Microdon Meigen have larvae that live in ant nests where they are predatory on ant larvae. Reflecting the exceptional challenges of this very specialized lifestyle, Microdon eggs, larvae and puparia are highly distinctive in their morphology. Detailed descriptions of these immature stages is, however, lacking for all but a very few species, and much of this has been limited through the sole use of light microscopes. Here, using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), we present detailed, comparative descriptions of the immature stages of three European Microdon species: M. analis, M. devius and M. myrmicae. Given that many adult Microdon species are very similar to each other in their outward appearance, we demonstrate that the morphology of their immature stages can improve our understanding of the phylogeny of the genus. We also discuss how particular adaptations of the immature morphology may allow their myrmecophilous life within ant nests. In this paper new diagnostic features are also presented to distinguish M. myrmicae from its sibling species M. mutabilis—the two are morphologically indistinguishable as adults. 


Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3110 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
FILIPE M. BIANCHI ◽  
THEREZA A. GARBELOTTO ◽  
LUIZ A. CAMPOS

Scutelleridae occur worldwide, and immature stages have been scarcely studied. Galeacius Distant is a Neotropical genus currently containing four species. Here the external morphology of immatures of Galeacius martini Schouteden is described. Adults and nymphs were maintained in laboratory and fed on branches of Miconia sellowiana with fruits. The egg of G. martini is semi-spherical, reddish brown, with reticulations surrounding smaller granulated sculpturing under scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M). The nymphs from first to fifth instar have a stridulitrum plus plectrum, and 2+2 trichobothria posterior to spiracles on abdominal sternites III–VII. The dorso-abdominal scent efferent system has an evaporatorium with two distinct mycoid sculpturing, and their are two types of peritreme on medial plates II and III in first and fifth instar. The color and chorion morphology may distinguish G. martini from other scutellerid eggs so far described. New descriptions of immatures of Scutelleridae are particularly desirable, mainly with emphasis some structures on S.E.M., as stridulatory devices, dorso-abdominal scent efferent system, and trichobothria, thus improving the knowledge about the taxon.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242163
Author(s):  
Eric Fabrício Marialva ◽  
Nágila F. Secundino ◽  
Fernando F. Fernandes ◽  
Helena R. C. Araújo ◽  
Claudia M. Ríos-Velásquez ◽  
...  

We describe the immature stages of Migonemyia migonei, which is the vector of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in South America, and a putative vector of Leishmania infantum chagasi. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to refine the description of the structures of the egg, all instar larvae, and the pupa. The eggs have polygonal cells on the egg exochorion, and differences between larval and pupal chaetotaxy have been highlighted. Different sensillary subtypes—trichoidea, basiconica, coelonica and campanoformia—were observed in the larval stages. The results presented herein contribute to the taxonomy of Mg. migonei and may contribute to future studies on the phylogeny of this important vector species.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. e899
Author(s):  
Dayse da Silva Rocha ◽  
Carolina Dale ◽  
João Aristeu Da Rosa ◽  
Cleber Galvão

Triatoma ryckmani Zeledón & Ponce, 1972 is a species found in sylvatic habitat at Central America. Considered rare in the past and poorly studied, nowadays can be found inside houses with potential of dispersal and colonization. All five instars of T. ryckmani are described based on optical and scanning electron microscopy. The postembryonic development of the head analyzed by ontogenetic morphometry showed the largest changes occur in the first three instars. Information about morphology of the immature stages of disease vectors can be helpful in the identification process increasing speed and efficiency of control strategies.


Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5052 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
RUNG-JUEN LIN ◽  
YU-CHI LIN ◽  
YU-FENG HSU

The immature stages, morphology, and systematic position of Bombyx incomposita (van Eecke, 1929) are reported. The morphology of larva was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, and the phylogeny was inferred using six genes (COI, CAD, EF-1α, GAPDH, RpS5, and wgl). The molecular phylogeny strongly supported that B. incomposita is sister to B. huttoni Westwood, 1847. The divergence of the COI barcode, phylogenetic reconstruction, and difference in immature stages support the current classification, in which the species incomposita belongs to the genus Bombyx. We give illustrations of male and female genitalia and briefly discuss the utility of the chaetotaxy of the first instar larvae on taxonomy of silkmoths. The SV group bears six setae in B. mandarina, but eight in B. incomposita. The L1 bears three setae in Rotunda, but just single seta in Bombyx.  


Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4378 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO BRUGNERA ◽  
JOCÉLIA GRAZIA

Immature stages of Neotropical Asopinae have been poorly studied. Here, the external morphology of eggs and nymphs of Tynacantha marginata Dallas are described using light and scanning electron microscopy. The egg is barrel-shaped with smooth surface, and long aero-micropylar processes. In the first instar, the color of abdomen varies along the development from yellow to red, the dorsal plates are pale, and the surface of evaporatorium bears spiked projections. From the second, the evaporatorium surface is reticulated. From third instar, the pronotum is orange with black lateral margins. The eggs and nymphs of T. marginata are unique among Neotropical Asopinae species of which the morphology is known, allowing the early identification of the species. 


Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2495 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIA C. ONOFRIO ◽  
MARCELO B. LABRUNA ◽  
JOÃO LUIZ H. FACCINI ◽  
DARCI M. BARROS-BATTESTI

The tick Ixodes luciae occurs in many countries within the Neotropical region but only adult ticks have been morphologically described. Larvae and nymphs parasitize marsupials and rodents while adults are common on marsupials. A colony of I. luciae was obtained from females collected on marsupials from the State of Rondônia, Northern Brazil. After being fed on rabbits, the specimens were maintained under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. Unfed larvae, nymphs, males and females of the first generation were cleaned and prepared for both optical and scanning electron microscopy. Ixodes luciae is closely related to Ixodes loricatus, Ixodes schulzei, and Ixodes amarali, although each species has its own array of distinctive characters. The larva of I. luciae differs from those of both I. schulzei and I. amarali in the length of the capitulum and from I. schulzei in the number of posthalleral setae in the Haller’s organ. Nymphs differ from I. amarali, I. loricatus and I. schulzei by the length of the external spur on coxae I, and from I. schulzei and I. amarali in having slender and shorter capitulum and hypostome. Males and females of I. luciae differ from the other three species by the length of the external spur on coxae I and by the scutal punctations, which are much longer and larger, respectively, in I. luciae. However, except for a few features, the chaetotaxy is the same for larvae of the four species, not only on the idiosoma (e.g. scutum with four pairs of setae), palpi and tarsus I, but also the number of porose setae within the capsule of Haller’s organ and the prehalleral setae.


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