With the development of knowledge economy and the advancement of economic globalization, strategic emerging industries have become the leading industries for a country or region to achieve sustainable economic growth in the future. They are the high integration of emerging technologies and emerging industries, and the driving force of national economic growth. They play an important guiding and decisive role in the national economic growth and the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure. In recent years, China’s strategic emerging industries continue to grow rapidly, and have made remarkable achievements in innovation and development, which play an important role in the national economic growth and the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, but there are also shortcomings. Based on the current situation of the development of strategic emerging industries, this paper analyzes the role of strategic emerging industries in economic development, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for strategic emerging industries to boost high-quality economic development.