scholarly journals New Intrinsic Scintillator with Large Effective Atomic Number: Tl2HfCl6 and Tl2ZrCl6 Crystals for X-ray and Gamma-ray Detections

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Fujimoto ◽  
Keiichiro Saeki ◽  
Daisuke Nakauchi ◽  
Takayuki Yanagida ◽  
Masanori Koshimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
X Ray

Gamma and X-Ray Shielding Properties of Various Types of Steels

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Manjunatha ◽  
L. Seenappa
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Buildup Factor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Type ◽  
Gamma Radiations ◽  
Mass Attenuation

We have calculated the gamma and X-ray shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient, half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), specific gamma ray constant, effective atomic number, and buildup factors in various steels. By studying these X-ray and gamma interaction parameters, we have selected the best steel which can be used for the X-ray and gamma shielding material. The steel type 20Mo-4 is having higher values of mass attenuation coefficient, specific gamma ray constant, effective atomic number, and buildup factor and smaller values of HVL and TVL. A detail analysis of X-ray/gamma interaction in the different steels reveals that the steel type (S15) 20Mo-4 is good absorption of both X-ray/gamma radiations.

Thallium magnesium chloride: A high light yield, large effective atomic number, intrinsically activated crystalline scintillator for X-ray and gamma-ray detection

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 090301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Fujimoto ◽  
Masanori Koshimizu ◽  
Takayuki Yanagida ◽  
Go Okada ◽  
Keiichiro Saeki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Light Yield ◽  
High Light ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Light Yield

A Spectrum-Adaptive Decomposition Method for Effective Atomic Number Estimation Using Dual Energy CT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (14) ◽  
pp. 293-1-293-7
Author(s):  
Ankit Manerikar ◽  
Fangda Li ◽  
Avinash C. Kak
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
X Ray

Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) is expected to become a significant tool for voxel-based detection of hazardous materials in airport baggage screening. The traditional approach to DECT imaging involves collecting the projection data using two different X-ray spectra and then decomposing the data thus collected into line integrals of two independent characterizations of the material properties. Typically, one of these characterizations involves the effective atomic number (Zeff) of the materials. However, with the X-ray spectral energies typically used for DECT imaging, the current best-practice approaches for dualenergy decomposition yield Zeff values whose accuracy range is limited to only a subset of the periodic-table elements, more specifically to (Z < 30). Although this estimation can be improved by using a system-independent ρe — Ze (SIRZ) space, the SIRZ transformation does not efficiently model the polychromatic nature of the X-ray spectra typically used in physical CT scanners. In this paper, we present a new decomposition method, AdaSIRZ, that corrects this shortcoming by adapting the SIRZ decomposition to the entire spectrum of an X-ray source. The method reformulates the X-ray attenuation equations as direct functions of (ρe, Ze) and solves for the coefficients using bounded nonlinear least-squares optimization. Performance comparison of AdaSIRZ with other Zeff estimation methods on different sets of real DECT images shows that AdaSIRZ provides a higher output accuracy for Zeff image reconstructions for a wider range of object materials.

Development of a method for presuming the density and effective atomic number of mineral samples by utilizing medical X-ray CT scanning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyuki IWAMORI ◽  
Hideo TAKAGI ◽  
Nobutaka ASAHI ◽  
Tatsuji SUGIMORI ◽  
Eiji NAKATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
X Ray

Electron Density and Effective Atomic Number Measurement by Using a Newly Developing Photon Counting CT System

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Sakurai ◽  
Kazushi Hoshi ◽  
Yosuke Harasawa ◽  
Daiki Ono ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Detector Response ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ct System

We developed the photon counting CT system by using a conventional laboratory X-ray source and a CdTe line sensor. Attenuation coefficients were obtained from the measured CT image data. Our suggested method for deriving the electron density and effective atomic number from the measured attenuation coefficients was tested experimentally. The accuracy of the electron densities and effective atomic numbers are about <5 % (the averages of absolute values are 2.6 % and 3.1 %, respectively) for material of 6< Z and Zeff <13. Our suggested simple method, in which we do not need the exact source X-ray spectrum and detector response function, achieves comparable accuracy to the previous reports.

Determination of Effective Atomic Number for Different Brands of Diclofenac Sodium Drug at 8 keV to 32 keV X-Ray Energy

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-414
Author(s):  
A. Manjunath ◽  
Basavaraj R. Kerur ◽  
Tapash R. Rautary
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
X Ray

Quantitative effective atomic number imaging using simultaneous x-ray absorption and phase shift measurement

2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 111902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taihei Mukaide ◽  
Masatoshi Watanabe ◽  
Kazuhiro Takada ◽  
Atsuo Iida ◽  
Kazunori Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Shift Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption

X-ray energies for effective atomic number determination

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Rutherford ◽  
B. R. Pullan ◽  
I. Isherwood
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
X Ray
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