scholarly journals Organization of pedestrian crossings of Soviet repatriates to the western border of the USSR (1944–1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
Alexander F. Bichehvost ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Western Border

The article analyzes the work of the Office of the Commissioner of the SNK of the USSR for the repatriation of Soviet citizens, Military councils, headquarters of fronts and armies for the return of Soviet displaced persons on foot in 1944–1945. The central place in the publication is occupied by the analysis of the organization of the mechanism of pedestrian crossings of released Soviet prisoners of war and civilian displaced persons to the western border of the USSR. Special attention is focused on the decisions taken by the repatriation and military departments – the Office of the Commissioner of the SNK of the USSR for repatriation, Military councils, headquarters of fronts and armies on the organization of pedestrian crossings of Soviet repatriates.

1969 Annual Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (115) ◽  
pp. 569-569
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
The World ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Yemen Arab Republic

As usual the ICRC has published a report in which it reviews the work of the previous year.The Report first gives a summary of the International Committee's work in the field in many parts of the world: its conventional activities for the benefit of prisoners of war, its organization of the general exchange of Honduran and Salvadorian prisoners and of the general repatriation of prisoners of war in the Middle East,It describes how, concerned for the welfare of civilian populations, the ICRC went to the assistance of displaced persons in a number of countries, in respect of which some significant statistics are given. Many were the interventions of the ICRC, such as in the Yemen Arab Republic, where food distributions were organized and several medical teams were in action.

Distinguished visitors at ICRC

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (241) ◽  
pp. 227-227
Keyword(s):  
Vice President ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Vice Chairman ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Council Of Ministers

On 10 July 1984, Mr. Fikre Selassie Wogderess, Secretary General of the Ethiopian Provisional Military Administrative Council and Vice-Chairman of the Council of Ministers, accompanied by Dr. Dawit Zawde, Chairman of the Ethiopian Red Cross, was received at ICRC headquarters by Mr. Maurice Aubert, Vice-President, and Mr. Jean-Pierre Hocké, Director for Operational Activities. The joint ICRC/Ethiopian Red Cross assistance action for displaced persons, under way since 1980, and ICRC protection activities for Somali prisoners of war in Ethiopia were discussed during the meeting.

5 Persons Covered by International Humanitarian Law: Main Categories

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hill-Cawthorne Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
The Law

This chapter identifies the main categories of persons deemed to be in need of protection in situations of armed conflict, according to which the rules of international humanitarian law (IHL) are structured. The two principal categories of persons under the law of international armed conflict (IAC) are combatants/prisoners of war (POWs) and civilians. This categorization lies at the heart of one of the key principles of IHL, that of the distinction between combatants (being, generally, lawful targets) and civilians (being, generally, not lawful targets). These two principal categories are then further divided, with special (additional) rules applying to certain persons falling within each sub-category—including the wounded, sick, and shipwrecked; women; children; the elderly, disabled, and infirm; refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs); mercenaries and spies; journalists; and the missing and the dead. For some of these categories of persons, such as women and displaced persons, the rules remain very basic and inadequate for the contemporary challenges faced in armed conflicts. What is more, many of these categories are even less clearly defined under the law of non-international armed conflict (NIAC).

SECURING THE GARDEN AND LONGINGS FORHEIMATIN POST-WAR HANOVER, 1945–1948

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEX D'ERIZANS
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
World War ◽  
The Status ◽  
Democratic Stability ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

ABSTRACTZeroing in on private garden plots, the article discusses the manner in which Germans portrayed themselves in relation to displaced persons (DPs) – former foreign workers, Allied prisoners-of-war (POWs), and concentration camp inmates – in immediate post-Second World War Hanover. Challenging the notion that a coherent narrative of German victimization truly emerged only in the 1950s, the article reveals how German gardeners already articulated loudly a discourse through which they sought to depict themselves as decent, hard-working sufferers, while portraying displaced persons as immoral and dangerous perpetrators. The plots of garden owners, as foci of German yearnings forHeimat, came particularly under threat. Germans cherished such sites, not only because they provided the opportunity for procuring additional sustenance amidst a post-war world of scarcity, but because they symbolized longings to inhabit a peaceful, productive, and beautiful space into which the most turbulent history could not enter, and upon which a stable future could be constructed. Only with the removal of DPs could Germans claim for themselves the status of victims, while branding DPs perpetrators, and reaffirm past patterns of superiority and inferiority in both ethical and racial terms. In so doing, Germans could realize the innocence integral for achievingHeimatand establish democratic stability after 1945.

“Prisoners of the Postwar”: Expellees, Displaced Persons, and Jews in Austria after World War II

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 191-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Zahra
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Western World ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
World War ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Right

In the aftermath of World War II, Austria once again achieved notoriety as a “prison of peoples.” In 1951, theOst-West Kurier, a newspaper in Essen, decried the degrading mistreatment of Austria's so-called “prisoners of the postwar.” Men, women, and children were wasting away in former concentration camps and were denied citizenship rights, the right to work or to travel freely, and basic social protections, the newspaper reported. These “prisoners” were not, however, former Jewish concentration camp inmates, prisoners of war (POWs), or displaced persons (DPs). They were German expellees from Eastern Europe—the very Germans on whose behalf the Nazi war for Lebensraum had allegedly been fought. “In the entire Western world, there is today no group of human beings who has been sentenced to live with so few rights as the so-called Volksdeutsche in Austria,” the newspaper's editors proclaimed:300,000 people, whose homes and property have been torn from them through the expulsions, all too often by their closest neighbors, endured a hard journey to Austria, where they believed upon arrival that it could be something like a greater Heimat for them. Because only three decades ago, they too were Austrians.

The Struggle for Cooperation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Black Market ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
American Military ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
Working Together

In August 1944 American troops entered Paris and pushed to liberate France. The French endured hardships and suffering to achieve liberation, and after the violence had passed, they were subjected to privations, requisitions, shortages, cold homes, and curbs on their sovereignty. Living with the American presence posed challenges for the French, and while the two countries did not always see eye to eye on issues of common concern, these issues offered possibilities to work together; accord and cooperation often won out. In The Struggle for Cooperation: Liberated France and the American Military,1944–1946, author Robert Fuller examines how the French and Americans handled various matters that demanded cooperation, including the requisition of French property, the treatment of Axis prisoners of war, care for displaced persons, the disposition of war booty, dealing with the prosperous black market, the utilization of French transportation networks, GIs’ behavior, and the effective American takeover of the port of Marseille. Fuller establishes how all these issues offered the possibility of working together peacefully or in conflict and concludes that—more often than not—the results were positive and amicable.

Corporate Sustainability: Challenge to Managerial Orthodoxies

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter Dunphy
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Sustainability Management

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the issue of corporate sustainability. It examines why achieving sustainability is becoming an increasingly vital issue for society and organisations, defines sustainability and then outlines a set of phases through which organisations can move to achieve increasing levels of sustainability. Case studies are presented of organisations at various phases indicating the benefits, for the organisation and its stakeholders, which can be made at each phase. Finally the paper argues that there is a marked contrast between the two competing philosophies of neo-conservatism (economic rationalism) and the emerging philosophy of sustainability. Management schools have been strongly influenced by economic rationalism, which underpins the traditional orthodoxies presented in such schools. Sustainability represents an urgent challenge for management schools to rethink these traditional orthodoxies and give sustainability a central place in the curriculum.

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