scholarly journals Ironical edification

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Karasik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Realistic Evaluation ◽  
Syntactic Feature ◽  
Malicious Behavior

The paper deals with ironic edification – autosemantic utterances which contain critical evaluation of human shortcomings expressed in derisive assertion of absurd, or pretentious, or malicious behavior certain people manifest. They make a specific class of proverbs, aphorisms, and miniatures of modern network discourse. They are heterogeneous and vary from profound observations of human character up to banalities used to amuse a down-home partner, from witty phrases up to acid black humour. They are very common in everyday conversations and serve to help interlocutors express their understanding of hidden manipulations they are exposed to. Structurally they may be simple and composite, the former are integral sentences expressing a certain attitude to norms of behavior, the latter are judgments which consist of two parts, in the first part a certain positive norm of behavior is expressed, and in the second part it is denied. Their integral semantic content is a frame which expresses a concessive juxtaposition of values, pragmatically they promote important assumptions about realistic evaluation of human nature, and their most relevant syntactic feature is a ludic allusion to well-known texts or events.

Religious approaches to water management and environmental conservation

Water Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Chuvieco
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Actual Impact ◽  
Union With God

The goal of this paper is to identify points of convergence between the great religious traditions in addressing human–nature relations, as well as presenting a critical evaluation of whether these approaches have in fact affected environmental conservation in representative countries. Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism have been considered. The main traditions considered are: (1) dominion: humans at the top of Creation and using natural resources as needed; (2) stewardship: humans having a delegate dominion over Creation and being responsible and accountable for their use of natural resources; (3) empathy: nature is affected by human misbehaviour; (4) analogy: nature is an image of God; (5) God worshipper: nature gives glory to God; (6) cosmic humility: nature is beyond human comprehension; (7) natural mysticism: union with God is accomplished through contemplation of the created world; (8) worship: nature is sacred. These approaches are not necessarily conflicting but rather they can be considered in some cases as being complementary. Their actual impact on water and environmental conservation should be further researched.

On the semantic content of “progress”

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Petr Kusliy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Semantic Content

The paper is a reply to Alexander Nikiforov’s discussion of the notion of progress and a critical evaluation of that discussion. The author accepts Nikiforov’s arguments about the relativity of the denotation of the term “progress” but rejects his attempts to explain the term’s meaning by an appeal to a positive develop-ment in a concrete, albeit abstract, realm. The author argues that even though “progress” is an evaluative predicate whose denotation heavily depends on context, this does not mean that its semantics lacks an objective component. Building on some literature from formal semantics of natural language, the author outlines an approach to the semantics of “progress” that would not have the shortcomings of the approach suggested by Nikiforov.

scholarly journals Personalitas Yesus dan Kritik terhadap Nestorius: Analisis Ibrani 4:12-14

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Leti Yulita Samai ◽  
Hendi Hendi
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Cyril Of Alexandria ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Church

Abstract: The doctrine of the personal personality of Jesus Christ is still controversial today. Jesus Christ is the central figure and has the highest authority in Christianity, Jesus Christ is trusted by Christians because He is the Savior of all mankind, the proof that He is the Savior is through the Incarnation of the divine nature taking Mary's human nature so that Jesus Christ has two natures in His person namely, divine and human, the nature of Jesus is distinguishable but inseparable. However, a Christian figure in the fifth century, Nestorius, gave the opinion that Jesus Christ had separate divine and human natures in two distinct persons. It was Nestorius's teaching that became a major debate and rejection by Church fathers such as Cyril of Alexandria and rejected Nestorius's teaching in the Church. The author uses the method of text analysis or exegesis from Hebrews 4:12-14 which includes syntactic and semantic analysis, the semantic content will be analyzed by interacting with other texts such as the Bible and the writings of the Church Fathers. :12-14 to make comparisons with the teachings of Nestorius. Based on the results of the research in Hebrews 4:12-14 and the opinion of the church fathers, it shows that Nestorius' teaching is heresy and should not be accepted in the Church. Jesus Christ is fully God and human because in Him there are two natures or natures, namely divine and human and these two natures cannot be separated in two different persons, if the person of Jesus can be separated then He cannot die, rise and save all mankind and it is useless to believe in Him.Abstrak: Doktrin tentang personalitas pribadi Yesus Kristus masih menjadi kontroversi sampai zaman sekarang. Yesus Kristus adalah tokoh sentral dan memiliki otoritas tertinggi dalam Kekristenan, Yesus Kristus dipercaya oleh umat Kristiani karena Dia adalah Juruselamat bagi seluruh manusia, bukti bahwa Ia adalah Juruselamat yaitu melalui Inkarnasi natur keilahian menggambil natur kemanusiaan Maria sehingga Yesus Kristus memiliki dua natur dalam pribadi-Nya yaitu ilahi dan manusiawi, natur Yesus dapat dibedakan tetapi tidak bisa dipisahkan. Namun tokoh Kekristenan pada abad ke-lima yaitu Nestorius memberikan pendapat bahwa Yesus Kristus memiliki natur ilahi dan manusiawi yang terpisah dalam dua pribadi yang berbeda. Pengajaran Nestorius inilah yang menjadi perdebatan besar dan penolakan yang dilakukan oleh para bapa Gereja seperti Cyril dari Alexandria dan menolak pengajaran Nestorius dalam Gereja. Penulis menggunakan Metode analisis teks atau eksegesis dari surat Ibrani 4:12-14 yang mencangkup analisis sintaksis dan semantis, isi semantis akan dianalisis dengan berinteraksi pada teks-teks lain seperti Alkitab dan tulisan para Bapa Gereja, Selanjutnya Penulis juga mengambil hasil teks eksegesis Ibrani 4:12-14 untuk menjadikan bahan perbandingan dengan ajaran Nestorius. Berdasarkan Hasil penelitian Ibrani 4:12-14 dan pendapat para bapa Gereja menunjukan bahwa pengajaran Nestorius adalah bidah dan tidak sepantasnya diterima dalam Gereja. Yesus Kristus sepenuhnya Allah dan manusia karena dalam diri-Nya terdapat kedua natur atau kodrat yaitu ilahi dan manusiawi dan kedua natur ini tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam dua pribadi yang berbeda, jika pribadi Yesus dapat dipisahkan maka Dia tidak dapat mati bangkit dan menyelamatkan seluruh umat manusia dan sia-sialah beriman kepada-Nya.

scholarly journals On the Measure-Theoretic Premises of Bayes Factor and Full Bayesian Significance Tests: a Critical Reevaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riko Kelter
Keyword(s):  
Bayes Factor ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Statistical Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Specific Measure ◽  
Bayesian Evidence ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) and the Bayesian evidence value recently have received increasing attention across a variety of sciences including psychology. Ly and Wagenmakers (2021) have provided a critical evaluation of the method and concluded that it suffers from four problems which are mostly attributed to the asymptotic relationship of the Bayesian evidence value to the frequentist p-value. While Ly and Wagenmakers (2021) tackle an important question about the best way of statistical hypothesis testing in the cognitive sciences, it is shown in this paper that their arguments are based on a specific measure-theoretic premise. The identified problems hold only under a specific class of prior distributions which are required only when adopting a Bayes factor test. However, the FBST explicitly avoids this premise, which resolves the problems in practical data analysis. In summary, the analysis leads to the more important question whether precise point null hypotheses are realistic for scientific research, and a shift towards the Hodges-Lehmann paradigm may be an appealing solution when there is doubt on the appropriateness of a precise hypothesis.

Electron Microscopy of Metal-Matrix Composites

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 404-405
Author(s):  
A. Lawley ◽  
M. R. Pinnel ◽  
A. Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Fracture Characteristics ◽  
Broad Program

As part of a broad program on composite materials, the role of the interface on the micromechanics of deformation of metal-matrix composites is being studied. The approach is to correlate elastic behavior, micro and macroyielding, flow, and fracture behavior with associated structural detail (dislocation substructure, fracture characteristics) and stress-state. This provides an understanding of the mode of deformation from an atomistic viewpoint; a critical evaluation can then be made of existing models of composite behavior based on continuum mechanics. This paper covers the electron microscopy (transmission, fractography, scanning microscopy) of two distinct forms of composite material: conventional fiber-reinforced (aluminum-stainless steel) and directionally solidified eutectic alloys (aluminum-copper). In the former, the interface is in the form of a compound and/or solid solution whereas in directionally solidified alloys, the interface consists of a precise crystallographic boundary between the two constituents of the eutectic.

A Longitudinal Posthumous Study of Letter Writing in a Late Elderly Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Angel Ball ◽  
Jean Neils-Strunjas ◽  
Kate Krival
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Elderly Woman ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Errors Analysis ◽  
Normal Status

This study is a posthumous longitudinal study of consecutive letters written by an elderly woman from age 89 to 93. Findings reveal a consistent linguistic performance during the first 3 years, supporting “normal” status for late elderly writing. She produced clearly written cursive form, intact semantic content, and minimal spelling and stroke errors. A decline in writing was observed in the last 6–9 months of the study and an analysis revealed production of clausal fragmentation, decreasing semantic clarity, and a higher frequency of spelling, semantic, and stroke errors. Analysis of writing samples can be a valuable tool in documenting a change in cognitive status differentiated from normal late aging.

A Developmental Study of Intonation Recognition

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn M. Corlew
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Better Than

Two experiments investigated the information conveyed by intonation from speaker to listener. A multiple-choice test was devised to test the ability of 48 adults to recognize and label intonation when it was separated from all other meaning. Nine intonation contours whose labels were most agreed upon by adults were each matched with two English sentences (one with appropriate and one with inappropriate intonation and semantic content) to make a matching-test for children. The matching-test was tape-recorded and given to children in the first, third, and fifth grades (32 subjects in each grade). The first-grade children matched the intonations with significantly greater agreement than chance; but they agreed upon significantly fewer sentences than either the third or fifth graders. Some intonation contours were matched with significantly greater frequency than others. The performance of the girls was better than that of the boys on an impatient question and a simple command which indicates that there was a significant interaction between sex and intonation.

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