An Epidemiological Study of Female Breast Cancer in Sulaymaniyah City, Iraqi Kurdistan

Introduction: The present study was aimed at describing the epidemiological characteristics of female breast cancer and explore its main risk factors in Sulaymaniyah city, the Kurdistan region of Iraq.Material and Methods: The present case-control study was conducted in Sulaymaniyah, the Kurdistan region of Iraq from 2012-2014 in two hospitals. The study sample consisted of 150 women with breast cancer and 150 healthy women. Required data including sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, medical history, and reproductive factors were collected using a questionnaire through face-to-face interviews.Results: The mean age of the cases and controls was 47.89±10.98 and 47.38±10.87 years respectively. Low level of education was a risk factor for breast cancer, such that breast cancer was significantly less prevalent among women with university education than those with lower education (P=0.001). The likelihood of developing breast cancer in women with a positive family history of cancer was significantly higher (P=0.003). Also, women with rural residency, unemployment, low income, early age of menopause, multigravida (+3), history of abortion, duration of feeding the first and second babies, and obesity were at a significantly higher risk of developing breast cancer (P<0.05).Conclusion: The Kurdish women in Iraq, develop breast cancer at age range of 40-50 years. Women with low level of education, a positive family history of cancer, rural residency, unemployment, low income, multigravida (+3), history of abortion, and obesity need to be taken into special consideration in order to diagnose breast cancer early and adopt appropriate interventions.

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Risk factors of breast cancer among patients in a tertiary care hospitals in Afghanistan: a case control study

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-07798-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zekrullah Baset ◽

Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar ◽

Yasmin Nadeem Parpio ◽

Ahmed Maseh Haidary

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Female Breast ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study ◽

History Of Cancer

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the second most common causes of women’s death, worldwide. Data on risk factors associated with female breast cancer in the Afghan population is very limited. The aim of our study was to identifying risk factor associated with female breast cancer in Afghanistan. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted with inclusion of 201 cases and 201 controls. Patient information was collected by interviewing the patient through a structured questionnaire. Histopathological information was collected from the hospital integrated laboratory management system. The data was analyzed by using logistic regression with univariate and multivariable analyses to determine the association between breast cancer and predictors. Results The results of the current study showed that factors such as: age (OR = 1.02; 95%CI: 0.99–1.04; p-0.148); age at menarche (OR = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.72–0.92; p-0.008); age at first baby (OR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.07–1.20; p- < 0.001); illiteracy (OR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.16–3.22; p-0.011); smoking (OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.01–3.99; p-0.04) and family history of cancer (OR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.18–3.32; p-0.009) were significantly associated with breast cancer. However, our study did not demonstrate any statistically significant correlation between breast cancer and some of the predictors that were previously highlighted in literature, such as: marital status, Body Mass Index (BMI), use of hormonal contraceptive, breastfeeding and exercise. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that age at menarche, and age at first baby birth, illiteracy, smoking and family history of cancer were significant risk factors associated with development of breast cancer among women in Afghanistan. Health education of women regarding aforementioned predisposing factors are therefore, expected to be valuable in decreasing the burden of breast cancer with reduction of its burden on the healthcare system in Afghanistan.

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BRIP1/FANCJMutation Analysis in a Family with History of Male and Female Breast Cancer in India

Journal of Breast Cancer ◽

10.4048/jbc.2017.20.1.104 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 104 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ananthapur Venkateshwari ◽

David Wayne Clark ◽

Pratibha Nallari ◽

Cingeetham Vinod ◽

Thangaraj Kumarasamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Breast ◽

History Of

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Age at Onset of Bilateral Breast Cancer, the Presence of Hereditary BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 Gene Mutations and Positive Family History of Cancer

Oncology Research and Treatment ◽

10.1159/000200930 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 182-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elżbieta Skasko ◽

Anna Kluska ◽

Anna Niwińska ◽

Ewa Kwiatkowska ◽

Aneta Bałabas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Family History ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Bilateral Breast Cancer ◽

Gene Mutations ◽

History Of ◽

Brca1 Brca2 ◽

I Gene ◽

History Of Cancer

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Distribution of family history of a disease as a function of mode of inheritance, genetic relative hazard, allele frequency and disease status of the proband, with application to female breast cancer

Journal of Epidemiology and Biostatistics ◽

10.1080/13595220152601800 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 331-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J Cui, J. L. Hopper

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Family History ◽

Allele Frequency ◽

Disease Status ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Relative Hazard ◽

Female Breast ◽

History Of ◽

Mode Of Inheritance

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The effect of family history on adherence to breast cancer screening guidelines.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.1571 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 1571-1571

Author(s):

Lauren Marie Hibler ◽

Anees B. Chagpar

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Family History ◽

Male Breast Cancer ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Male Breast ◽

Screening Guidelines ◽

The Past ◽

Female Breast ◽

Income Insurance ◽

History Of

1571 Background: A family history of breast cancer increases the risk of developing this disease. We sought to determine the effect of a family history of a first degree relative with breast cancer (FDFHx) on adherence to mammography (MMG) and clinical breast examination (CBE) guidelines. Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), conducted annually by the Centers for Disease Control, is designed to be representative of the US population. The 2010 NHIS data was used to evaluate the effect of FDFHx on the likelihood that women aged ≥ 30 had MMG and/or CBE within the past year. Results: Of the 12,320 women aged ≥ 30, 1276 (10.7%) had a FDFHx; 1263 (99.0%) of female breast cancer and 13 (1.0%) of male breast cancer. Overall, 4573 (38.4%) of women reported having had MMG within the past year; 5377 (46.3%) had CBE within the past year. FDFHx was associated with use of MMG and CBE within the past year (58.0% vs. 36.0%, p<0.001, and 57.5% vs. 45.0%, p<0.001, respectively). Women with a FDFHx of male breast cancer were no more likely to have MMG (72.5% vs. 57.9%, p=0.313) nor CBE (66.8% vs. 57.4%, p=0.518) within the past year than those with a FDFHx of female breast cancer. On multivariate analysis controlling for age, race, personal history of breast cancer (PHx), income, insurance, education and region, FDFHx was associated with a higher likelihood of having MMG (OR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.48-2.06, p<0.001) and CBE (OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.26-1.74, p<0.001) within the past year. Region was not associated with adherence to either MMG or CBE screening guidelines. Conclusions: FDFHx, along with age, race, PHx, income, insurance, and education, is an independent predictor of adherence to screening MMG and CBE guidelines. Still, only 58% of women with a FDFHx had MMG and CBE in the past year. Further efforts are warranted to improve screening in this population at increased risk. [Table: see text]

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