scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE BIOFUEL PRODUCTION FROM ESTUARINE DIATOMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-17
Author(s):  
T.V. Ramchandran ◽  
Saranya Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Benthic Diatom ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Diatom Community ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential

Purpose of the study: Microalgae with better carbon sequestration potential, higher biomass, and lipid productivity in comparison to terrestrial counterparts is emerging as a viable sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Diatoms, a subgroup of a broader category of microalgae are well-known for their role as a bio-indicator in palaeo-climatological studies across historical timelines. Understanding ecology, community structure, and habitat preference of diatoms are prerequisites for prioritizing diatom strains towards sustainable biofuel production along with value-added product extraction. Method: Selection of appropriate strains, economically viable harvesting and environmentally sound transesterification are the challenges faced in microalgal industry. The present study focusses on understanding the variability in benthic diatom community assemblages across seasons and its affinity to different substrata at fixed sampling locations in an estuarine eco-system through field sampling for twelve months covering all seasons. Main Findings: The results highlight the tolerance and resilience in select diatom strains in fluctuating water qualities and seasonal variations, the insights much needed during mass cultivation under open environments. Statistical data analyses revealed distinct demarcation between sensitive and tolerant species with selective habitat preferences and resilience to fluctuating environmental conditions. Variations of benthic diatom community structure across various substrata highlights substratum affinity of diatom strains. From the inferences derived through field studies, mixed consortia of diatoms were developed, monitored, and optimized for higher biomass and lipid productivity under controlled laboratory conditions. Application of the Study: The results highlight the prospects of phyco-prospecting of indigenously grown diatom strains for sustainable biofuel production.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Latest Advances in the Catalytic Synthesis of Glycerol Carbonate

Catalysts ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Debora Procopio ◽  
Maria Luisa Di Gioia
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

In recent years, the development of renewable energy alternatives to traditional fossil fuels has become one of the major challenges all over the world, due to the decline of fossil fuel reserves and their effect on global warming. Biodiesel has become a popular alternative energy source to reduce gas emissions compared to traditional fossil fuels. According to statistics, a nine-fold increase in global biofuel production between 2000 and 2020 was observed. However, its production generates a large amount of glycerol as a by-product, posing an environmental problem when disposed directly in landfills or by incineration. Therefore, low-value glycerol should be converted into high value-added derivatives. As glycerol carbonate is one of the most important derivatives of glycerol, this review aims to discuss the studies over the last ten years about glycerol carbonate synthetic methods, including the typical routes such as phosgene, esterification reaction, urea, oxidative and direct carbonylation as well as several rare synthetic procedures. At the same time, it summarizes the different catalytic reaction systems of each route comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various catalysts and evaluating their catalytic activity. Finally, the future development of glycerol carbonate synthesis is prospected from the point of view of development, technology research and industrialization.

Assessing scales of variability in benthic diatom community structure

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Lavoie ◽  
Keith M. Somers ◽  
Andrew M. Paterson ◽  
Peter J. Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Benthic Diatom ◽  
Diatom Community

Changes in riverine benthic diatom community structure along a chloride gradient

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R. Porter-Goff ◽  
Paul C. Frost ◽  
Marguerite A. Xenopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Benthic Diatom ◽  
Diatom Community

scholarly journals Carbon Sequestration Potential of Oil Palm Plantations in Southern Philippines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Mae C. Borbon ◽  
Michael Arieh P. Medina ◽  
Jose Hermis P. Patricio ◽  
Angela Grace Toledo-Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Rate

AbstractAside from the greenhouse gas reduction ability of palm oil-based biofuel as alternative to fossil fuels, another essential greenhouse gas mitigation ability of oil palm plantation is in terms of offsetting anthropogenic carbon emissions through carbon sequestration. In this context, this study was done to determine the carbon sequestration potential of oil palm plantations specifically in two areas in Mindanao, Philippines. Allometric equation was used in calculating the biomass of oil palm trunk. Furthermore, destructive methods were used to determine the biomass in other oil palm parts (fronds, leaves, and fruits). Carbon stocks from the other carbon pools in the oil palm plantations were measured which includes understory, litterfall, and soil. Results revealed that the average carbon stock in the oil palm plantations is 40.33 tC/ha. Majority of the carbon stock is found in the oil palm plant (53%), followed by soil (38%), litterfall (6%), and understory, (4%). The average carbon sequestration rate of oil palm plants is estimated to be 4.55 tC/ha/year. It is advised that oil palm expansions should be done on grasslands and barren lands instead of forest lands to avoid incurring “carbon debts”. It is also recommended that oil palms should be mixed with shrub crops species to enhance soil organic carbon as well as increase the aboveground biomass in oil palm plantations.

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