The Problem of Carrying Out the Border Between the Middle East Mountain and the High Altitude on the Example of Decorating the Aerial Photographs of the Peredovoy Ridge, Karachay-Cherkessia

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Laura A. Chagarova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Landscape Mapping ◽  
High Species Diversity ◽  
Different Types

The work is based on field research and interpretation of aerial photographs covering typical areas of the Peredovoy ridge. The morphostructure of the Peredovoy ridge is located between the morphostructures of the Glavny ridge in the south and the North Jurassic depression in the north. The main features of the study area are mountainous relief in combination with a complex and contrasting composition of the lithogenic base, different types of altitudinal zonation, which create a high species diversity of biota. Compilation of new and moderate exploitation of existing tourist complexes of the North Caucasus is impossible without the help of new detailed landscape maps. Using the original published materials and his own experience, the author of the study proposes an improved methodology for landscape mapping for mountain areas using the interpre-tation of aerial photographs, covering the characteristic areas of the Peredovoy ridge. The obtained data and conclusions can be used for geoecological purposes, in monitoring the natural environment, to optimize the use of natural resources, as well as in planning the recreational and mining-industrial development of the high-mountain belt of the Peredovoy ridge and similar morphostructures.

EXPERIENCE OF USING THE CLUSTER APPROACH IN ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOUNTAINOUS TERRITORIES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Rita I. Batyaeva ◽  
◽  
Tat’yana G. Shelkunova ◽  
Irina Yu. Khetagurova ◽  
Tamara G. Khetagurova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Federal District ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The North ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
National Environmental

The article provides an overview of the effects of the resonant impact of clusters on the ability of mountain areas to adapt to the modern realities of the technological level, as well as the ability to apply innovations, attract investment in the agro-industrial and tourist cluster. A panel of indicators is presented that provides correct comparability of achievements and reflects information for aggregation by various parameters of the economic and geographical indicators of the region: the national environmental rating of the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District; indicators of sustainable development of the Russian Federation and the North Caucasus Federal District; investment risk of the republics of the North Caucasus Federal District; the main economic and social indicators of the RSO-Alania. It is established that the geoinformation study of the use of a multicomponent indicator of the state of mountain territories is the basis for determining the vector of their further socio-economic development and justifying appropriate management decisions to stabilize economic development. The peculiarity of the approach is the selection of criteria that will be used in the development of mechanisms for the sustainable development of mountain territories according to the target indicators, in accordance with the UN resolution "Transforming our world in the field of sustainable develop-ment for the period up to 2030".

FEATURES OF THE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF KARACHAY GOATS DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS OF BREEDING

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
М.I. SELIONOVA ◽  
◽  
Т.V. МАМОNTOVA ◽  
А.–М.М. AYBAZOV
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Potential Fecundity ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Mountain Zone ◽  
Goat Population

In recent years, goat breeds with a dairy-meat-wool or combined productivity type, represented by local breeds that are bred mainly in the foothills and mountainous regions of the North Caucasus, Altai, Tyva and Khakassia, have become increasingly widespread in Russia. The Karachay goat population is the most interesting for research, since in their breeding was aimed at obtaining animals with a number of unique productive characteristics and capable of producing the required outputs under the harsh conditions of the mountain and foothill zones of the Caucasus. In view of the limited research on these animals, in particular their reproductive functions, the aim of this study was to investigate the natural implementation of the reproductive function of the Karachay goats in different geographical areas of breeding. There are slight differences in some parameters of Karachay goat reproduction in high mountain zone (from 2000 m a.s.l.) and middle mountain zone (1000–1500 m a.s.l.). An important conclusion is that the recognized low fertility of the Karachay goats is not genetically determined. Analyzing the number of ovulations and fresh yellow bodies in the ovaries by laparoscopy using Karl Storz (Germany) endoscopic equipment, the authors found a potential fecundity of 3.1 (2.8 to 3.4).

BIRCH FORESTS WITH RHODODENDRON CAUCASICUM (ERICACEAE) IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN PART OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
D.S. Kessel ◽  
◽  
M.G. Gadzhiataev ◽  
Z.I. Abdurakhmanova ◽  
K.V. Shchukina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Dwarf Shrub ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Shrub Layer ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Birch Forests

Birch forests from Betula litwinowii and Betula raddeana of the Northern macroslope of the Greater Caucasus with participation of Rhododendron caucasicum in the undergrowth are discussed in the article. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 at the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia (Teberda State Natural Biosphere Reserve), Kabardino-Balkaria (Kabardino-Balkarian State High Mountain Reserve) and the Republic of Dagestan (Lak and Gunib districts, near the villages Burshi and Batsada). The characteristics of the growing conditions, analysis of the species and coenotic composition of communities are given. Birch forests with Rh. caucasicum are usually confined to the steep slopes of the northern exposure at the upper border of the forest belt, at an altitude of 1500–2800 m above sea level. The described communities can be divided into two groups depending on abundance and, consequently, influence Rh. caucasicum as an edificator. In the described communities there is a clear inverse correlation between the abundance of Rh. caucasicum with the projective cover of the grass-dwarf shrub layer. At the same time, the number of species in the grass-dwarf shrub layer doesn’t change significantly. The species composition of birch forests with the participation of Rh. caucasicum identified by us comprises 246 species of vascular plants. The herb-dwarf shrub layer is characterized by a relatively low species richness (on average, 26 species per sample plot). In these communities there are both characteristic forest species and representatives of subal-pine and, less often, alpine coenoses. Further study of communities of birch forests, which play sig-nificant water protection role, slope-holding and avalanche-barrier functions, is important for determining their current state, possible directions of changes, and assessing the need for protective measures in different regions.

Relationship Between the Number of Days with Thunderstorms and the Duration of Thunderstorms According to Visual and Instrumental Observations

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
A.H. Adzhiev ◽  
G.V. Kupovykh ◽  
R.A. Gyatov ◽  
Z.M. Kerefova
Keyword(s):  
Observation Point ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Instrumental Observations ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Observation Period

For study the relationship between number of days with a thunderstorm recorded by weather stations and duration of thunderstorms in hours for these days, instrumental observations of the thunder direction-finding network of High-Mountain Geophysical Institute were used. We used data on thunderstorms in the North Caucasus for a long-term observation period in 2008-2019. Based on these data, they are grouped for various territories for analysis: the number of days with thunderstorms per month, per year, and the duration of thunderstorms per month and per year. A correlation analysis was performed between the number of days with thunderstorms and the duration of thunder-storms in hours according to LS 800 data. Thus, the dependence of the number of days with thunderstorms on the duration of thunderstorms is clearly traced - with an increase in the number of days with thunderstorms per year, the observation point increases in direct proportion to the duration of thunderstorms per year. With an increase in the number of days with thunderstorms on a given territory by one day, for the month in question, the duration of thunderstorms increases by 3.89 hours.

scholarly journals CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE ON THE VARIABILITY OF AROLLA PINE WOODLANDS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN TATRA MOUNTAINS

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Peter KUCERA ◽  
◽  
Peter BARANCOK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Pinus Cembra ◽  
Habitat Variability ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Tatra Mountains ◽  
North Eastern Part

Knowledge of the overall syntaxonomic and habitat variability of forest communities with Arolla pine (Pinus cembra) within the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) is still insufficient as field research was hindered by their hardly accessible localities and deforestation for high mountain grazing. Arolla pine woodlands were traditionally classified within the association Pino cembrae-Piceetum Myczkowski et Lesinski 1974, but recent surveys recognize more numerous units. Hitherto unpublished releves from the north-eastern part of the Tatra Mountains document the occurrence of several floristically and ecologically distinct Arolla pine communities: (1) acid woodland of Homogyno alpinae-Pinetum cembrae on nutrient-poor habitats over quartzitic bedrock, and (2) calcareous woodlands of species-poor Pyrolo rotundifoliae-Pinetum cembrae of sites with a well-developed, tangled humus soil horizon, Cystopterido montanae-Pinetum cembrae on habitats influenced by both limestones and quartzites, Primulo elatioris-Pinetum cembrae bound to sites with the most favourable humidity, and Seslerio tatrae-Pinetum cembrae with the most pronounced calcareous character.

scholarly journals NATURAL HAZARDS AND DISASTERS IN MOUNTAIN AREAS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Б. Свалова ◽  
В.Б. Заалишвили ◽  
Г.П. Ганапати ◽  
А.В. Николаев
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Natural Risk ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Geodynamic Processes ◽  
Hazard And Risk

Горные и прибрежные районы являются регионами наиболее подверженным стихийным бедствиям. Некоторые горные районы, которые уязвимы для оползней, также подвергались воздействию землетрясений. Когда в таких районах происходит землетрясение, риск возникновения оползня значительно возрастает. Природные опасности наносят огромный урон в мире и ежегодно их жертвами становятся множество людей. Концепция естественного риска может быть успешно использована для анализа природных опасностей и смягчения риска. Горные и предгорные районы Северного Кавказа расположены в зоне альпийской тектономагматической активации Большого Кавказа и характеризуются интенсивными геодинамическими процессами, наличием активных вулканов, высокой сейсмичностью (9-10 баллов) пульсирующими ледниками и самым широким развитием геологических опасностей различных генетических типов. Проблема сейсмической опасности и оценки риска Северного Кавказа генетически связана с активностью Большого Кавказа, самые сильные сейсмические события которого играют определяющую роль для некоторых регионов Северного Кавказа. Mountainous and coastal areas are the most affected regions for natural hazards. Certain mountainous areas are vulnerable to landslides but have also been affected by earthquakes. When an earthquake occurs in such areas, the risks for a landslide to occur grow tremendously. Natural hazards cause huge damage in the world and kill many people each year. The concept of natural risk can be successfully used for natural hazards analysis and reduction. Mountain and foothill areas of Northern Caucasus are located in the zone of alpine tectonomagmatic activation of Greater Caucasus and they characterized by intense geodynamic processes, the presence of active volcanoes, pulsating glaciers high seismicity (9-10 points) and broadest development of geohazards with different genetic types. The problem of seismic hazard and risk assessment of the North Caucasus is genetically related to the activity of the Greater Caucasus, the strongest seismic events of which play a determining role for some regions of the North Caucasus.

Soil microbiome from postmining ecosystems from Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigory Gladkov ◽  
Anastasiia Kimeklis ◽  
Rustam Tembotov ◽  
Arina Kichko ◽  
Evgeny Andronov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Meadow Soil ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Gene Libraries ◽  
Different Types

<p>The soil microbiome is critical to the restoration of soils , destroyed by human activity. The dynamics of changes in the soil microbiome was investigated from the two overgrown gravel-sand quarry dumps in the North Caucasus (Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia). Samples were taken in the quarries of contrasting soil types (Calcareous Chernozem and Umbric Gleyic soils) under the various types of reclamation. Samples were taken from 10 points from a quarry with meadow soil and from 11 points from the Chernozem. The 16S ssu gene libraries were sequenced from soil DNA.The difference in microbiomes between the control points and the points where the soil is restored was statistically significant. The disturbed Gleyic soil is characterized by an increase in the representatives of Acidobacteria, for Chernozem of the genera <em>Niastella</em>, <em>Ramlibacter</em>, <em>Microvirga</em>. On the Umbric  Gleyic soil without reclamation, significant heterogeneity was shown, in contrast to Chernozem with different types of reclamation. In different soil types, the response of the soil microbiome to soil restoration was significantly different, which in turn should influence the choice of the strategy for the restoration of anthropogenically diturbed soils.</p>

scholarly journals Economics of architectural support of the development of the territories of the Northern Caucasus

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
A. A. Balikoev ◽  
R. R. Kozyrev ◽  
A. Ch. Salbieva ◽  
V. A. Odintsov
Keyword(s):  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Architectural Support ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of The Environment

The article is devoted to the problem of developing the mountainous areas of the North Caucasus, which is the development of the campaign launched in the last century to develop previously uninhabited areas of the earth’s surface. Architectural and construction tasks in the construction of mountain objects in a complex mountainous terrain are complicated by seismic phenomena due to the proximity of Elbrus and Kazbek. The construction of mountain objects is hampered by natural and technogenic phenomena, equivalent to catastrophes. In the history of the development of the mountainous areas of the North Caucasus, the role of mining facilities is important, which, by mining, increases stresses and strains to a critical state with the destruction of rock massifs. The movement of mountain masses and the change in the basis of erosion determine the vectors of exomorphodynamic processes in the region. The probability of disasters in complex terrain conditions is determined by the number and quality of damaging factors and explains the need to optimize the forms and means of architectural support for the development of mountain areas. The problems of urban planning are solved through comprehensive research, one of which is the architectural support of projects, the purpose of which is to combine the principles of designing the architecture of objects and the state of the environment. Architectural support of construction in mountain regions provides, inter alia, an organic combination of the development of small settlements in the region with the prospect of agricultural and industrial production with their social challenges and demands. The effectiveness of the development of mountain areas with the implementation of the recommendations of architectural support is evaluated by the criterion in the form of an increase in the total income of the developed territory, which is a product of taking into account technological, economic and environmental factors of production in developed mountain regions. A promising direction of increasing the economic efficiency of the replacement of scarce binders with alternative substances, for example, fly ash with an increase in their activity in the apparatus and other innovations in the construction and technological areas.

scholarly journals Methodology of geoinformation mapping of natural recreational resources of the North Caucasus for tourism development

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-415
Author(s):  
Rakim Mahmudov ◽  
Natalia Verozub ◽  
Vitaly Proskurin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Components ◽  
Recreational Resources

The relationship of natural components with the organization of tourism as a type of economic activity is shown. Recommendations are formulated on the selection of indicators of natural components to be assessed when planning the organization of recreational activities. The assessment of natural resources by the methods of constructing mathematical-cartographic models. Evaluation of each parameter was both functional and aesthetic parameters. The biological diversity of vegetation was calculated by identifying polygon heights and slope exposures according to SRTM data. The relief analysis was carried out according to two parameters: absolute altitudes above sea level and the nature of dissection. The calculation of the absolute heights is prepared by the method of constructing a cartogram by analyzing the quantitative value of points. The calculation of the terrain relief is prepared by the method of constructing a cartogram by calculating the sum of the distances of isolines in the polygon. Cartograms of the density of the river network, the area and the number of water bodies were constructed. The numerical data of the natural components forming the recreational potential of the territory are obtained. An integral assessment of the North Caucasus on the availability and use of natural and recreational resources by adding the numerical values of the individual components in the aisles of the minimum territorial unit is carried out. As a result of the work by geoinformation methods, the zones of the greatest and smallest concentration of natural resources for the organization of tourist activity were determined. In the Western Caucasus, the zones of the highest concentration of natural resources (4, 5 points) for the organization of tourism are located within the Black Sea and Azov coasts in the Greater Sochi region, as well as the southern tip of the Republic of Adygea located on the spurs of a rocky ridge. The lowest mark (1, 2 points) was received by the northern regions of the Krasnodar Territory, located in the steppe, forest-steppe zones, subject to agricultural development and extensive land cultivation. Within the Central Caucasus, the zones with the highest rating are located in the foothills of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, in the mid-mountain areas within the Lateral and Rocky Ranges. On the territory of the Eastern Caucasus, zones with a rating of 4, 5 points are located within the Bogos and Samur ranges. Broad-leaved forests prevail on this territory, turning into subalpine meadows with rich species diversity.

scholarly journals Basal ice temperatures during late Weichselian deglaciation: comparison of landform assemblages in west-central Sweden

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingmar Borgström
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Basal Ice ◽  
West Central ◽  
Late Weichselian

AbstractThe mountainous area of west-central Sweden has a varied glacial morphology and three unique landform assemblages appear to mark areas of different basal thermal conditions during the decay of late Weichselian ice. A glacial geomorphological map was constructed through interpretation of aerial photographs at a scale 1:60 000. The relative abundance of landforms interpreted to indicate a frozen bed, a thawed bed, and late-frozen to thawed-bed conditions were used for a first-order reconstruction of the basal temperature pattern of the decaying ice sheet. The features used to outline areas with different temperature regimes during deglaciation are glacial scouring, flutings, eskers, meltwater channels, boulder blankets, Rogen moraines, relict surfaces and thermoerosion features.In the northern part of the area, as well as along most of the water divide to the Atlantic Ocean, the ice was warm-based during deglaciation. Glacially scoured bedrock, fluting/ drumlinization, subglacial eskers and extensive glacial lake sediments characterize the area. In the high mountain area, lateral meltwater channels are short and curve downslope to form chutes or eskers. The basal ice conditions changed from frozen- to thawedbed in a late stage of the late Weichselian cycle in most of the southern part of the area, shown by the Rogen moraines on both sides of the ice divide. However, substantial areas in the eastern and southern low mountains had frozen-bed conditions during the complete late Weichselian. In the high mountains in the north, only the summits were frozen.

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