scholarly journals The 'Nizhny Novgorod Salt Business' in 1867 to 1869 within the Framework of the Dynamics of the Legal Consciousness of the Population of the Russian Empire in the Post-Reform Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Demichev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
The Russian Empire

scholarly journals TAX AUTHORITIES IN DNIPRO-REGION UKRAINE DURING THE POST-REFORM PERIOD: CURRENT UKRAINIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
A. Istomina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The liberal reforms carried out in the Russian Empire during the 1860's and 1870's markedly affected the financial sector of a gigantic country. They also had their peculiarities on the territory of the provinces inhabited by Ukrainians. Especially significant was the reformation of the tax service, which became more modern and copied the principles and methods of their work from similar structures of Western European states. In the middle of the nineteenth century іn the Dnieper Ukraine there was virtually no special tax authority. These functions were carried out by a number of government institutions, and the state-owned chambers carried out the coordination of their activities at the local provincial level. After the defeat of the Russian Empire in the Crimean War, its government was forced to carry out a series of systemic reforms. One of the directions of the reformation of the Romanov Empire was the reorganization of the sphere of public finances, in particular, of financial management and financial control. Over the past decades, Ukrainian historical science has paid special attention to the functioning of the tax authorities of the empire on the lands of modern Ukraine. In view of this, the article analyzes the contemporary Ukrainian historiography of the question of the functioning of the tax authorities of the Russian Empire in the Dnieper Ukraine in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The main domestic researches of the activities of those power institutions that performed the functions of tax control in the Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire were considered. Particular attention is paid to the works, which highlighted regional features of the work of tax authorities. Perspective directions of further researches of this problem are outlined. The article states that the problems of the activity of tax authorities in the Dnieper Ukraine in the pre-reform period became the subject of the research of many modern Ukrainian scholars. One can even note the fact of formation of scientific schools on the problems of the history of financial policy in Ukraine. This is the Kyiv Historical School of Professor O. Reyent, the Kharkiv School of History and Law of Professor O. Golovko and the Kropyvnytsky School of Economic History of Professor V. Orlyk. However, there remain a number of aspects of the problem that require further in-depth study.

scholarly journals Legal foundations of charity as a civil activity in the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX century

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
MARIA V. RATTUR
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Charitable Associations ◽  
Xix Century

The paper analyzes the significance of legal regulation of charity for the formation of elements of civil society in the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX century. Legislative changes in the field of regulation of philanthropic activities are systematized. The formation of a new sphere of civic activity outside the influence of the state is considered on the example of charitable associations of the post-reform period. The legal foundations of charity are studied to identify opportunities for the development of civil activity in the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY OF THE URAL STATISTICAL COMMITTEE IN THE LATE 19-TH - EARLY 20-TH CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
V. A. Skopa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Total Budget ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Statistical Work

The post-reform period in the Russian Empire laid down new principles for the organization and functioning of regional statistical services. Since the second half of the 19th century, the demand for statistical data had increased significantly. De jure and de facto, the Ural Statistical Committee dates back to 1896. Beginning in 1900, all military statistics were transferred to the committee. In connection with the increased load on the committee from the military capital, the regional statistical center was allocated an allowance of 1,500 rubles, and the total budget was 4,000 rubles. All the activities of the committee are represented by the implementation of mandatory statistical work and the socio-cultural study of the region. In 1901, the Ural Committee developed and introduced agricultural cards for collecting information about the industry under study and the systematic formation of data. In 1910, the committee conducted a survey of the property and occupations of the population. The Ural Statistical Committee paid special attention to “optional” works, most of which were devoted to the life and occupations of the population.

scholarly journals WOMAN BEFORE THE JURY COURT IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE (REVISITING THE GENDER EQUALITY PRINCIPLE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-112
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Demichev ◽  
Vera A. Ilyukhina
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Russian Empire

This work presents implementation of the gender equality principle in the criminal proceed-ings of the Russian empire on the basis of the Judicial Statutes of 1864, official statistics materials of the Ministry of Justice, jury members’ documents of private origin, documentary narratives about courts, and folklore. The authors analyse and interpret statistical data on females and males acquitted and convicted by the jury court and the crown court. This work draws the following main conclusions: 1) in spite of the enforceable and officially declared equality of all subjects before the court, only men administered justice in the jury court, and the people’s legal consciousness and the settled judicial practice did not allow another situation to develop; 2) the fact that only men were jury mem-bers brought about the situation in which the jury court was less repressive to women than to men. As for crown judges, the percentage of women convicted by them was, on the contrary, generally more than that of men. Therefore, the proceedings of jury courts in the Russian empire actually breached the gender equality principle.

scholarly journals The award promotion for the members of the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank of Vladimir Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Timur A. Kovrov ◽  
Vladimir S. Okolotin
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Industrial Bourgeoisie

This article is devoted to the award promotion for the members of the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank of Vladimir Province. The consequences of the reforms of Emperor Alexander II included the development of the Russian economy and the formation of a commercial and industrial bourgeoisie. Within it, stable and large industrial dynasties arose. For many representatives of these dynasties in post-reform Russia, the established reputation meant honest businessmen who valued their position in society and sought to increase their merits before it. It is to this category of entrepreneurs that the State Bank of the Russian Empire drew attention to during the organisation of the accounting and loan committees for the development of lending of industry and trade in the post-reform period. This decision of the State Bank served as the basis for the formation of the future institute of public-private partnership in the national economy of the Empire. This topic has already been developed in the research activities of the authors of the article. In this publication, it is viewed through the system of the state awards, as a form of recognition of the merits of the entrepreneurs of Vladimir Province in successful cooperation with the branches of the State Bank in Vladimir and Ivanovo-Voznesensk. For their useful activities, the State Bank presented the members of the committees to be awarded with various awards – the civil medals for the wearing on the neck or the chest, the orders on the ribbons, the coronation medals and the honorary titles. The practice of the presenting of the members of the committees to the awarding of the medals and orders is confirmed by examples from the documents of the State archives of Vladimir and Ivanovo regions. The conclusion about the work of the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank on the basis of the institution of the state-private partnership is drawn.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF PROPERTY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE OWNER PEASANTS OF RUSSIA XVIII - FIRST HALF OF XIX CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
A. N. Dolgikh
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Practical Life ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Modern Russian

The problem of the correlation of the concept of «property» (or «private property») with the situation in Russia in the pre-reform period is insufficiently studied in historiography. There is no definite opinion about the time of the appearance of this concept in the socio-political life of the Russian Empire, about what was considered movable and immovable property (especially in the countryside) then, especially since about the middle of the XVIII century, how the owner (landowner) peasantry was perceived in legislation and in practice in this context – as movable or immovable property of landowners-nobles, whether the owner peasants themselves at that time had rights to movable or immovable property. To study the problem, the author draws on numerous materials of noble projects for solving the peasant question, published by him in a number of collections of documents, as well as data on legislation, memoirs, etc. At the same time, only a part of them is directly used in the study itself. The materials of pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern Russian historiography, as well as some studies of foreign historians related to this issue, are drawn. As a result of the analysis of sources, literature and materials of his own research, the author first raises questions, offering in some cases certain intermediate solutions, drawing attention to the need for historians to develop a certain consensus on the use of certain concepts in this context, since the materials of legislation and its implementation in the practical life of the prereform time allow for different interpretations. The work is in a certain sense a continuation of the author's research on the main components of serfdom in Russia in the last 1.5 centuries before the peasant reform of 1861.

scholarly journals The law ensuring of the activities of the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank of the Russian Empire in the post-reform period (On the materials of the charter of the State Bank of 1860)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Timur A. Kovrov ◽  
Vladimir S. Okolotin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Loan Repayment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Merchant Class ◽  
The Law ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City

This article is devoted to the law ensuring of the activities of the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank of the Russian Empire in the post-reform period. On May 31 (old style) (June 12 new style), 1860, Emperor Alexander II signed a decree establishing the State Bank of the Russian Empire. At the same time, the charter of the State Bank was adopted. 13 articles of the charter were devoted to the activities of the accounting and loan committees at local branches of the State Bank. The authors cite extracts from these articles of the charter that regulate the activities of the committees and attempt to analyse them. The provisions of the articles of the charter of the State Bank are confirmed by examples from the documents of the State Archives of Ivanovo and Vladimir regions. A study of the articles of the charter showed that industrialists and merchants – representatives of the merchant class of the region of the branch – were approved as the members of the committees at the local branches of the State Bank. Industrialists and traders, who worked as members of the committee at the branch of the State Bank, informed the bank about the state of various branches of trade and industry, they gave recommendations on the issuance of a loan by the bank and they were guarantors of the loan repayment to the bank. For their useful activities for the committee's affairs, the State Bank awarded them with honorary awards, recognising their merits in the public activities of the city. At the end of the article, the authors conclude that the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank were created and functioned on the basis of the institution of public-private partnership.

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