scholarly journals “Ok Google, já chega”: privacidade e reconhecimento de fala ininterrupto em celulares | “Ok Google, that’s enough”: privacy and ceaseless speech recognition in mobile phones

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Said Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Us ◽  
Evolution Of Speech ◽  
History Of ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Society Of Control

RESUMO Este artigo discute as implicações para privacidade da tecnologia de reconhecimento de fala ininterrupto em celulares. Apresenta um breve histórico da evolução das tecnologias de reconhecimento de fala, indicando sua proximidade com os setores militar e de inteligência, e o paralelismo entre os avanços nas técnicas de processamento e no hardware computacional. Examina avanços tecnológicos da Google que conduziram à implementação do reconhecimento de fala ininterrupto em celulares; identifica algumas violações de privacidade possibilitadas por isso, e conclui relacionando-as a tipologias de privacidade, e à noção de sociedade de controle.Palavras-chave: Reconhecimento de Fala; Dispositivos Móveis; Google; Privacidade; Sociedade de Controle.ABSTRACT This paper discusses the privacy implications of ceaseless speech recognition technology in mobile phones. It presents a brief history of the evolution of speech recognition technologies, indicating its proximity to the US military and intelligence sectors, and the parallelism between the advances in processing techniques and computer hardware. It examines technological advances by Google that led to the implementation of ceaseless speech recognition in mobiles; identifies some privacy violations made possible by this, and concludes relating them to privacy typologies, and to the notion of control society.Keywords: Speech Recognition; Mobile Devices; Google; Privacy; Society of Control.

The History of Personnel and Vocational Testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Zickar
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
World War I ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vocational Testing

Personnel and vocational testing has made a huge impact in public and private organizations by helping organizations choose the best employees for a particular job (personnel testing) and helping individuals choose occupations for which they are best suited (vocational testing). The history of personnel and vocational testing is one in which scientific advances were influenced by historical and technological developments. The first systematic efforts at personnel and vocational testing began during World War I when the US military needed techniques to sort through a large number of applicants in a short amount of time. Techniques of psychological testing had just begun to be developed at around the turn of the 20th century and those techniques were quickly applied to the US military effort. After the war, intelligence and personality tests were used by business organizations to help choose applicants most likely to succeed in their organizations. In addition, when the Great Depression occurred, vocational interest tests were used by government organizations to help the unemployed choose occupations that they might best succeed in. The development of personnel and vocational tests was greatly influenced by the developing techniques of psychometric theory as well as general statistical theory. From the 1930s onward, significant advances in reliability and validity theory provided a framework for test developers to be able to develop tests and validate them. In addition, the civil rights movement within the United States, and particularly the Civil Rights Act of 1964, forced test developers to develop standards and procedures to justify test usage. This legislation and subsequent court cases ensured that psychologists would need to be involved deeply in personnel testing. Finally, testing in the 1990s onward was greatly influenced by technological advances. Computerization helped standardize administration and scoring of tests as well as opening up the possibility for multimedia item formats. The introduction of the internet and web-based testing also provided additional challenges and opportunities.

RFID: Human Agency and Meaning in Information-Intensive Environments

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 47-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Katherine Hayles
Keyword(s):  
Product Information ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cloud Atlas ◽  
Time Limitations

RFID tags, small microchips no bigger than grains of rice, are currently being embedded in product labels, clothing, credit cards, and the environment, among other sites. Activated by the appropriate receiver, they transmit information ranging from product information such as manufacturing date, delivery route, and location where the item was purchased to (in the case of credit cards) the name, address, and credit history of the person holding the card. Active RFIDs have the capacity to transmit data without having to be activated by a receiver; they can be linked with embedded sensors to allow continuous monitoring of environmental conditions, applications that interest both environmental groups and the US military. The amount of information accessible through and generated by RFIDs is so huge that it may well overwhelm all existing data sources and become, from the viewpoint of human time limitations, essentially infinite. What to make of these technologies will be interrogated through two contemporary fictions, David Mitchell's Cloud Atlas and Philip K. Dick's Ubik . Cloud Atlas focuses on epistemological questions — who knows what about whom, in a futuristic society where all citizens wear embedded RFID tags and are subject to constant surveillance. Resistance takes the form not so much of evasion (tactical moves in a complex political Situation) but rather as a struggle to transmit information to present and future stakeholders in a world on the brink of catastrophe. Ubik, by contrast, focuses on deeper ontological questions about the nature of reality itself. Both texts point to the necessity to reconceptualize information as ethical action embedded in contexts and not merely as a quantitative measure of probabilities.

Computer games as political discourse

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Machin ◽  
Theo van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entertainment Products ◽  
Discourse Historical Approach

The paper analyses how the March 1993 American intervention in Somalia is represented in the movie Black Hawk Down and the computer game of the same name. Using a discourse historical approach, the paper combines three methods: (1) analysis of the ‘special operations discourse’ that underlies both film and game, and social actor analysis of the way the parties involved in the conflict are visually and verbally represented; (2) the political history of the conflict represented in the two entertainment products, and the history of the ‘special operations discourse’ itself; and (3) an account of the collaboration between the US military and entertainment industry in the production of both film and game.

“Different than an infantry unit down in Georgia”: Narratives of queer liberation in the post-DADT military

Sexualities ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 776-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Connell
Keyword(s):  
Officer Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Don't Ask Don't Tell ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rotc Cadets ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unanimous Approval

More than five years out from its implementation, we still know relatively little about how members of the US military and its ancillary institutions are responding to the repeal of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell. Contrary to what one might expect given the long history of LGBTQ antipathy in the military, I found in interviews with Boston area Reserve Officer Training Core (ROTC) cadets unanimous approval for the repeal of DADT. When pressed to explain why there was so much homogeneity of favorable opinion regarding the repeal, interviewees repeatedly offered the same explanation: that Boston, in particular, is such a progressive place that even more conservative institutions like the ROTC are spared anti-gay sentiment. They imagined the Southern and/or rural soldier they will soon encounter when they enter the US military, one who represents the traditionally homophobic attitudes of the old military in contrast to their more enlightened selves. This “metronormative” narrative has been critiqued elsewhere as inadequate for understanding the relationship between sexuality and place; this article contributes to that critique by taking a new approach. Rather than deconstruct narratives of queer rurality, as the majority of metronormativity scholarship has done, I deconstruct these narratives of urban queer liberation. I find that such narratives mask the murkier realities of LGBTQ attitudes in urban contexts and allow residents like the ROTC cadets in this study to displace blame about anti-gay prejudice to a distant Other, outside of their own ranks.

Defense 101

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. O'Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
American Military ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of

This book, a concise primer for understanding the US defense budget ($700 billion plus) and rapidly changing military technologies, provides a deeply informed yet accessible analysis of American military power. After an introduction which surveys today's international security environment, provides a brief sketch of the history of the US military, its command structure, the organization of its three million personnel, and a review of its domestic basing and global reach, the book provides in-depth coverage of four critical areas in military affairs. For policy makers and experts, military professionals, students, and citizens alike, the book helps make sense of the US Department of Defense, the basics of war and the future of armed conflict, and the most important characteristics of the American military.

The North Iraq Dataset (NIDS) files: Northern Iraq under Bathist rule, 1968‐911

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-126
Author(s):  
Joseph Sassoon ◽  
Michael Brill
Keyword(s):  
Secret Police ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
The North ◽  
Archival Collection ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
North Iraq ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Receive

The first archival collection from Saddam Hussein’s regime to receive the attention of researchers in the early 1990s was the large number of documents secured by Iraqi Kurdish rebels in the March 1991 uprising. The documents have been referred to variously as the Iraqi secret police files, the Anfal files, the North Iraq records, and are today known as the North Iraq Dataset (NIDS). In addition to being the first of several collections of Bath-era documents removed from Iraq by the US military as a result of the 1991 and 2003 wars, the NIDS was also the first collection returned to the country by the US government in 2005. This article discusses the history of the NIDS, the contents of the archive, efforts to digitize and study the documents, along with investigating the fate of the original records.

scholarly journals The Long Journey of Cancer Biomarkers from the Bench to the Clinic

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria P Pavlou ◽  
Eleftherios P Diamandis ◽  
Ivan M Blasutig
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Pipeline ◽  
New Biomarkers

BACKGROUND Protein cancer biomarkers serve multiple clinical purposes, both early and late, during disease progression. The search for new and better biomarkers has become an integral component of contemporary cancer research. However, the number of new biomarkers cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration has declined substantially over the last 10 years, raising concerns regarding the efficiency of the biomarker-development pipeline. CONTENT We describe different clinical uses of cancer biomarkers and their performance requirements. We also present examples of protein cancer biomarkers currently in clinical use and their limitations. The major barriers that candidate biomarkers need to overcome to reach the clinic are addressed. Finally, the long and arduous journey of a protein cancer biomarker from the bench to the clinic is outlined with an example. SUMMARY The journey of a protein biomarker from the bench to the clinic is long and challenging. Every step needs to be meticulously planned and executed to succeed. The history of clinically useful biomarkers suggests that at least a decade is required for the transition of a marker from the bench to the bedside. Therefore, it may be too early to expect that the new technological advances will catalyze the anticipated biomarker revolution any time soon.

Occupation without End: Opposition to the US Military in Okinawa

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-838
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
Military Installations ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Northeast Coast

In the aftermath of the Pacific War, the US military began an occupation of the Japanese prefecture of Okinawa that continues to this day. Although formal sovereignty of the islands was returned to Japan in 1972, the physical and social space of Okinawa remains dominated by a massive network of US military installations. For decades, soldiers and Marines trained in the northern jungles for wars in places like Indochina, Iraq, and Afghanistan; the military airfields and harbors have supported American interests and operations across the Pacific and Indian Oceans. While the Japanese state has been, at best, disinterested and, at worst, complicit in this occupation, there is a long history of Okinawan resistance. Most recently, a dynamic and complex network of groups and individuals has come together to contest plans by the Japanese and US authorities to relocate a Marine airfield to the northeast coast of Okinawa and create new training facilities in the nearby forests.

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