This concept shows that an efficient combined cycle, comprising topping & bottoming cycle, does not have to be privilege of gas turbine plants only, but could also be achieved with steam turbine plants. An efficient power-producing concept of a combined steam-turbine cycle with addition of a recirculating steam compressor is disclosed. Topping part of such a combined steam-turbine cycle operates at elevated steam turbine inlet temperature and pressure, while its “waste heat” is recovered by the bottoming part of the combined cycle in a heat-recovery boiler (steam heat exchanger). The recirculating steam compressor pumps the cooled majority of the entire steam flow to the maximum cycle pressure, while smaller steam flow fraction continues its full expansion to some low pressure in a condenser. The cycle waste heat could be transferred to the bottoming part of the combined cycle in a variety of modalities, depending on the chosen main high-temperature steam-turbine inlet temperature and inlet pressure (supercritical/subcritical). At an assumed constant steam-turbine inlet temperature of 900°C (∼300 bar), a very high gross cycle thermal efficiency could potentially be achieved, ranging from 56 to 62% with the high-temperature steam-turbine pressure ranging from subcritical (30 bar) to supercritical (300 bar). Such a combined steam-turbine cycle seems to be a suitable energy conversion concept that could be applied in classic thermal power plants powered by coal, but also seems as an ideal option for application in the new generation of gas-cooled nuclear rectors, where the gaseous reactor coolant, heated up to 1000°C, would indirectly transfer its heat content to working fluid (superheated steam) of the topping part of the combined steam-turbine cycle. Alternatively, the proposed concept may be combined with renewable energy sources of a sufficient temperature level.
Determining the viscosity of the mixture working fluid of high-temperature steam turbine