scholarly journals Stem rust in Western Siberia – race composition and effective resistance genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Shamanin ◽  
I. V. Pototskaya ◽  
S. S. Shepelev ◽  
V. E. Pozherukova ◽  
E. A. Salina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Sr Genes

Stem rust in recent years has acquired an epiphytotic character, causing significant economic damage  for wheat production in some parts of Western Siberia. On the basis of a race composition study of the stem rust  populations collected in 2016–2017 in Omsk region and Altai Krai, 13 pathotypes in Omsk population and 10 in  Altai population were identified. The race differentiation of stem rust using a tester set of 20 North American  Sr genes differentiator lines was carried out. The genes of stem rust pathotypes of the Omsk population are avirulent only to the resistance gene Sr31, Altai isolates are avirulent not only to Sr31, but also to Sr24, and Sr30. A low  frequency of virulence (10–25 %) of the Omsk population pathotypes was found for Sr11, Sr24,Sr30, and for Altai  population – Sr7b,Sr9b,Sr11,SrTmp, which are ineffective in Omsk region. Field evaluations of resistance to stem  rust were made in 2016–2018 in Omsk region in the varieties and spring wheat lines from three different sources.  The first set included 58 lines and spring bread wheat varieties with identified Sr genes – the so-called trap nursery  (ISRTN – International Stem Rust Trap Nursery). The second set included spring wheat lines from the Arsenal collection, that were previously selected according to a complex of economically valuable traits, with genes for resistance  to stem rust, including genes introgressed into the common wheat genome from wild cereal species. The third  set included spring bread wheat varieties created in the Omsk State Agrarian University within the framework of  a shuttle breeding program, with a synthetic wheat with the Ae. tauschiigenome in their pedigrees. It was established that the resistance genes Sr31, Sr40,Sr2 complexare effective against stem rust in the conditions of Western  Siberia. The following sources with effective Srgenes were selected: (Benno)/6*LMPG-6 DK42, Seri 82, Cham 10,  Bacanora (Sr31), RL 6087 Dyck (Sr40), Amigo (Sr24,1RS-Am), Siouxland (Sr24,Sr31), Roughrider (Sr6, Sr36), Sisson  (Sr6,Sr31,Sr36), and Fleming (Sr6,Sr24,Sr36,1RS-Am), Pavon 76 (Sr2 complex) from the ISRTN nursery; No. 1 BC 1F2 (96 × 113) × 145 × 113 (Sr2,Sr36,Sr44), No. 14а F 3(96 × 113) × 145 (Sr36,Sr44), No. 19 BC 2F3(96 × 113) × 113 (Sr2, Sr36, Sr44), and No. 20 F 3 (96 × 113) × 145  (Sr2,Sr36,Sr40, Sr44) from the Arsenal collection; and the Omsk State Agrarian  University varieties Element 22 (Sr31,Sr35), Lutescens 27-12, Lutescens 87-12 (Sr23,Sr36), Lutescens 70-13, and  Lutescens 87-13 (Sr23,Sr31,Sr36). These sources are recommended for inclusion in the breeding process for developing stem rust resistant varieties in the region.  

scholarly journals Molecular identification of the stem rust resistance genes in the introgression lines of spring bread wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Baranova ◽  
S. N. Sibikeev ◽  
A. E. Druzhin
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Wheat Lines

A total of 57 introgression lines and 11 cultivars of spring bread wheat developed by All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection and cultivated in the Volga Region were analyzed. The lines were obtained with the participation of CIMMYT synthetics, durum wheat cultivars, direct crossing with Agropyron elongatum (CI-7-57) and have introgressions from related species of bread wheat, namely translocations from Ag. elongatum (7DS-7DL-7Ae#1L), Aegilops speltoides (2D-2S), Ae. ventricosum (2AL-2AS-2MV#1), Secale cereale (1BL-1R#1S), 6Agi (6D) substitution from Ag. intermedium and triticale Satu. Cultivars and lines were assessed for resistance to Saratov, Lysogorsk, Derbent and Omsk stem rust pathogen populations (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), and analyzed for the presence of the known Sr resistance genes using molecular markers. The analysis of the cultivars’ and lines’ resistance to the Saratov pathogen population in the field, as well as to Omsk, Derbent and Lysogorsk populations at the seedling stage, showed the loss of efficiency of the Sr25 and Sr6Agi genes. The Sr31 gene remained effective. Thirty one wheat lines out of 57 (54.4 % of samples) were resistant to all pathogen populations taken into analysis. The Sr31/Lr26, Sr25/Lr19, Sr28, Sr57/Lr34 and Sr38/Lr37 genes were identified in the introgression lines. The Sr31/Lr26 gene was identified in 19 lines (33.3 % of samples). All lines carrying the 1RS.1BL translocation (Sr31/Lr26) were resistant to all pathogen populations taken into analysis. The Sr25/Lr19 gene was identified in 49 lines (86 %). The gene combination Sr31/Lr26+ Sr25/Lr19 was identified in 15 lines (26.3 %). The gene combinations Sr38/Lr37+Sr25/Lr19, Sr57/Lr34+Sr25/Lr19 and Sr31/Lr26+Sr25/Lr19+Sr28 were identified in 3 introgression lines. These three lines were characterized by resistance to the pathogen populations studied in this work. The Sr2, Sr24, Sr26, Sr32, Sr36 and Sr39 genes were not detected in the analyzed wheat lines.

scholarly journals Postulation of seedling stem rust resistance genes of Yunnan wheat cultivars in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tian-ya ◽  
Wu Xian-xin ◽  
Xu Xiao-feng ◽  
Wang Wan-lin ◽  
Cao Yuan-yin
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Sr Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

To determine stem rust resistance genes of wheat varieties in Yunnan province, 11 Chinese strains of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici with different virulence and 1 artificial mutant strain were used in 110 wheat varieties. The results indicated that among the 45 Sr genes, Sr31, Sr5, SrTmp, Sr30, Sr36, Sr8a, Sr11, Sr24, Sr29, Sr34, Sr9e, Sr26, Sr38, Sr47, and SrTt3 were characterised in 55 wheat varieties singly or in combination. Sr5, Sr31, SrTmp, Sr36, and Sr30 were contained in 17, 16, 5, 5, and 3 cultivars, respectively. Six cultivars contained Sr24 and/or Sr34. Three plant materials likely contained one or more of Sr8a, Sr11, Sr34, and Sr23 genes as well as other unknown genes. The 16 immune or highly resistant varieties contained one or more of Sr9e, Sr26, Sr38, Sr47, SrTt3, and other unknown resistance genes. The reaction types on 22 of the tested cultivars were different from those on Sr genes tested, and their resistance genes could not be analysed. Additionally, 17 varieties were susceptible to all the tested strains, having no postulation value. Our study provides a basis for improved breeding of stem rust resistant wheat in China.

scholarly journals Challenges and prospects for developing genetic resistance in common wheat against stem rust in Western Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-828
Author(s):  
V. N. Kelbin ◽  
E. S. Skolotneva ◽  
E. A. Salina
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
New Genes

Current studies on bread wheat resistance to stem rust have two main subjects: complex analysis for resistance of bread wheat germplasm using molecular markers, field screening and laboratory tests against samples of different fungal populations, and searching for sources and donors of new genes and gene loci, including cultivated and wild relatives of wheat. To achieve adequate genetic control of the disease, an integral approach is important, incorporating both data on sources of resistance and relevant information on pathogenic populations existing in the region, their race composition and dynamics of virulence genes. The analysis of experimental data on field screening of bread wheat varieties from the CIMMYT nursery germplasm for stem rust resistance in the Omsk and Novosibirsk regions, together with laboratory testing of infection samples on the international set of wheat differential lines, suggests that a separate “Asian” population of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici exists in Western Siberia and the Altai Territory. Wheat resistance genes Sr2, Sr6Ai#2, Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr31, Sr39, Sr40, Sr44, and Sr57 are of practical interest for advanced wheat breeding programs for stem rust immunity in Western Siberia. This review provides an analysis of the gene sources that remain effective against the West Siberian population of P. graminis, in order to facilitate the initial stage of selection of breeding material to develop a stable genotype by gene pyramiding. The basic requirements for conducting a phytopathological test of breeding material are presented. A list of molecular markers for the mentioned resistance genes, both widely used in marker-assisted selection and requiring verification, has been compiled.

scholarly journals Resource potential of soft spring wheat varieties for the conditions of Western Siberia and Omsk region (analytical review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-465
Author(s):  
Igor A. Belan ◽  
Lyudmila P. Rosseeva ◽  
Natalia P. Blokhina ◽  
Yuri P. Grigoriev ◽  
Yaroslava V. Mukhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
State Register ◽  
High Level ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is devoted to the review and analysis of varietal resources of soft spring wheat cultivated in the conditions of Western Siberia. For 2020, 261 varieties of this crop are included into the State Register of the Russian Federation, including 97 varieties (36.8 %) created by breeders of 15 institutions in the West Siberian region. In the Omsk region, depending on the climatic zone, the largest areas are occupied by the following varieties: mid-early – Omskaya 36 (242.16 thousand hectares), Pamyati Azieva (59.94 thousand hectares), Boevchanka (48.27 thousand hectares), Novosibirskaya 31 (36.3 thousand hectares); mid-season – Omskaya 38 (82.91 thousand hectares), OmGAU 90 (52.84 thousand hectares), Sigma (49.99 thousand hectares), Altaiskaya zhnitsa (35.2 thousand hectares); mid-late – Uralosibirskaya (145.72 thousand hectares), Melodiya (59.53 thousand hectares), Omskaya 28 (57.41 thousand hectares), Pavlogradka (67.31 thousand hectares), Element 22 (65.87 thousand hectares), Omskaya 35 (41.7 thousand ha). The joint creation of varieties with scientists from the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences made it possible to use, along with collection samples and selection varieties, alloplasmatic introgressive lines of soft wheat carrying the cytoplasm of the cultivated barley Hordeumvulgare L. As the result, there have been developed Sigma, Uralosibirskaya 2, Ishimskaya 11 and Sakmara varieties with a high level of resistance to stem and leaf rust and a medium level to powdery mildew. Due to the massive increase of the leaf and stem rust, varieties with a high level of resistance to these pathogens have been created and recommended for cultivation – Omskaya 38, Sigma, Uralosibirskaya, Uralosibirskaya 2 and Element 22. In the main grain-growing soil-climatic territories of the Omsk region, 15 droughts have been recorded over the past 45 years. Thus, a method for in vitro testing of drought resistance has been developed. Varieties with increased drought resistance and high level of stem rust resistance (Omskaya 37, Omskaya 38, Uralosibirskaya and Omskaya 42) in drought-specific and epiphytotic 2020 exceeded the standard varieties by 0.90-1.74 t / ha in yield. Of special interest among new varieties are Omskaya 42, Uralosibirskaya 2, OmGAU 100, Stolypinskaya 2, Lider 80 and Omskaya 44. It is concluded that close cooperation with Institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and other scientific institutions is necessary in order to create varieties that combine increased productivity with resistance to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmental factors.

Identification of Winter Habit Bread Wheat Landraces in the National Small Grains Collection with Resistance to Emerging Stem Rust Pathogen Variants

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Gordon ◽  
Yue Jin ◽  
Samuel Gale ◽  
Matthew Rouse ◽  
Samuel Stoxen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Nursery ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Landrace Accessions ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Wheat stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) is a widespread and recurring threat to wheat production. Emerging Pgt variants are rapidly overcoming major gene resistance deployed in wheat cultivars and new sources of race-nonspecific resistance are urgently needed. The National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) contains thousands of wheat landrace accessions that may harbor unique and broadly effective sources of resistance to emerging Pgt variants. All NSGC available facultative and winter-habit bread wheat landraces were tested in a field nursery in St. Paul, MN against a bulk collection of six common U.S. Pgt races. Infection response and severity data were collected on 9,192 landrace accessions at the soft-dough stage and resistant accessions were derived from single spikes. Derived accessions were tested in St. Paul a second time to confirm resistance and in a field nursery in Njoro, Kenya against emerging races of Pgt with virulence to many known resistance genes including Sr24, Sr31, Sr38, and SrTmp. Accessions resistant in the St. Paul field were also tested at the seedling stage with up to 13 Pgt races, including TTKSK and TKTTF, and with 19 molecular markers linked with known stem rust resistance genes or genes associated with modern breeding practices. Forty-five accessions were resistant in both U.S. and Kenya field nurseries and lacked alleles linked with known stem rust resistance genes. Accessions with either moderate or strong resistance in the U.S. and Kenya field nurseries and with novel seedling resistance will be prioritized for further study.

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