scholarly journals Überstunden, Ausgleichsmöglichkeiten, Gesundheit und Work-Life Balance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Brauner ◽  
Anne Marit Wöhrmann ◽  
Nils Backhaus ◽  
Anita Tisch
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Overtime Work ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Negative Relationships

Überstunden sind in Deutschland weit verbreitet. Repräsentative Daten von 7.765 Befragten der BAuA-Arbeitszeitbefragung 2017 zeigen, dass Beschäftigte im Durch-schnitt 3,9 Stunden pro Woche länger arbeiten als vertraglich vereinbart, wobei sich Unterschiede nach Geschlecht, Vollzeittätigkeit, Qualifizierung und Berufen zeigen. Über die Hälfte sind transitorische Überstunden, die durch Freizeit ausgeglichen wer-den. Ein Viertel wird ausbezahlt und jede fünfte Überstunde wird nicht abgegolten. Regressionsanalysen deuten auf einen negativen Zusammenhang von Überstunden mit Gesundheit und Work-Life-Balance hin. Dies gilt sowohl für transitorische Überstunden als auch bei Überstunden ohne Freizeitausgleich, für Teilzeit- und Vollzeitbeschäftigte und unter Kontrolle von Alter, Geschlecht, Bildungs- und Anforderungs-niveau, dem ausgeübten Beruf sowie der vertraglich vereinbarten Arbeitszeit. Overtime is widely spread in Germany. Representative data from 7.765 respondents from the BAuA-Working Time Survey 2017 show that employees work an average of 3.9 hours per week longer than contractually agreed, with differences according to gender, full-time work, qualification levels and occupations. More than half of these are transitory overtime hours, which are compensated by free time. A quarter is paid and every fifth hour of overtime is not compensated. Regression analyses point towards negative relationships with health and work-life balance. This applies to transitory overtime hours as well as for overtime hours without compensatory time off, full time and part time employees, and controlled for age, gender, qualification level, occupations, and contractual working hours. Stratified analyses show some different patterns for employees in night and shift work and for those with mainly private reasons for overtime work.

scholarly journals Part-Time Work and Gender Inequality in Europe. A Comparative Analysis of Satisfaction with Work–Life Balance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Beham ◽  
Sonja Drobnič ◽  
Patrick Präg ◽  
Andreas Baierl ◽  
Janin Eckner
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

Part-time work is an increasingly common strategy for handling work and family—but is it an effective strategy everywhere and for everyone? To answer this question, we examine the satisfaction with work–life balance of workers in 22 European countries included in round five of the European Social Survey. Our results show that part-time workers are more satisfied with their work–life balance than full-time workers; the more so, the fewer hours they put in. Yet, we find an important gender difference: Women in marginal part-time work (< 21 hours/week) are more satisfied than men in a similar situation, and conversely men in full-time work are more satisfied than women working full-time. Further, the societal context plays an important role: substantial part-time work (21–34 hours/week) is more conducive to satisfaction with work–life balance in more gender-egalitarian countries than in countries with low gender equality. Hence, a supportive gender climate and institutional support may entice workers to reduce working hours moderately, which results in markedly increased levels of SWLB.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of flexible working patterns in Germany and Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-14
Author(s):  
Fulya Aydınlı Kulak ◽  
Vala Lale Tüzüner
Keyword(s):  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Overtime Work ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

In this study, the extent of flexible working patterns beginning to replace the conventional working models is examined in companies in Turkey and Germany and the extent of flexible working patterns in the two countries is compared. The objectives of the study are to determine the prevalence of these patterns and to find out the similarities and differences regarding flexible working in the two countries. The flexible working patterns focused on in this study are weekend work, shiftwork, overtime work, part-time work, job sharing, flexitime, fixed-term contracts, home-based work, telecommuting, and compressed workweeks. The research, which is designed with the last round database of the CRANET Survey on Comparative Human Resource Management Research, includes the companies in Turkey and Germany of the 35 participating countries (154 companies from Turkey and 278 companies from Germany which makes a total of 432 companies). In the findings section, first of all, the prevalence of each flexible working pattern in the two countries has been presented. Chi-square analysis has been conducted for each of the flexible working patterns to find out if there are any significant differences in the prevalence of these models in the two countries. As a result, it is determined that the extent of the nine flexible working patterns differed in the two countries. This is to say that the prevalence of several flexible working patterns ensuring the work-life balance of the employees is higher in Germany whereas flexible patterns used for economic reasons and do not add value to the work-life balance of the employees are usually prevalent in Turkey. The only similarity between the two countries is the use of home-based work.  

WORK–LIFE BALANCE IN THE CURRENT JAPANESE CONTEXT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Akizumi Tsutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Overtime Work ◽  
Work Style

Background: Work style reform in Japan is under way in response to a predicted shortfall in the workforce owing to the country’s low birth rate and high longevity, health problems due to excessive working hours, and the need for diversification of employment. A legal limit for physicians’ overtime work will be introduced in 2024. Objectives: This study examines the work–life balance among Japan’s doctors in the context of ongoing work style reform. Methodology: The study applied included selective reviews of demographic shifts, legislation against long working hours, and trends in doctors’ participation in the labor force. Results: Japan’s doctors work long hours, which creates a conflict between their working and private lives. The proportion of female doctors in Japan is the lowest among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Employment trends among women doctors by age group show an M-curve: many quit their jobs upon marriage or childbirth. Gender role stereotyping has led male Japanese doctors to devote themselves entirely to their professions and working excessively long hours: they leave all family work to their female partners. This stereotyping obliges female doctors to undertake household chores in addition to their career tasks, which makes it difficult for them to re-enter their careers. Because of the harsh working conditions (including long working hours), there has been a decline in newly graduated doctors in some medical specialties. Conclusions: For sustainable, effective health care in Japan, it is necessary to improve the work conditions for Japan’s doctors towards achieving work–life harmony.

scholarly journals Working Hour and Intention to Have Children in Hong Kong Full-Time Workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Fanny Yuk Fun Young
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Long Working Hours ◽  
Prolonged Fatigue ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Working Hour

This study investigated the working hour, work-life balance and intention to have children of full-time workers in a place without Standard Working Hour legislation and with very low birth rate, Hong Kong. Method used a questionnaire survey with 200 below 35, married, full-time workers. Results showed these workers had longer working hour (49.3 hours/week) than many other places in the World (40 hours/week). Most participants (around 70 percent) reported prolonged fatigue level, sleepiness and extreme tiredness and did not have time staying with their partner and family. The mean intention to have children score was 2.045 out of 5. Correlation analysis was performed between working hour and intention to have children. There exist an inverse relationship between working hour and intention to have children (r= - 0.779). A plotting of the working hour against intention to have children showed some linear relationship between the working hour and intention to have children. Therefore, in general the workers with longer working hour were having lower intention to have children. To conclude, workers in Hong Kong, without Standard Working Hour legislation, had long working hours, poor work-life balance and low intention to have children. 

Study-work-life balance: Challenges for international students

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
Martin Lukas Mahler
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Part Time

The purpose of this article is to explore to what extent international students may be affected by a lack of study/work-life balance or study-work-life balance amongst those who study (full-time) and work part-time. International students tend to face more pressures due to usually lacking a support network, at least for some time once arriving in the host country. Such pressures may be financial or social and may be due to a lack of awareness of host country norms and regulations or due to language barriers. An online survey informed by work-life balance theory was completed by 42 international students. The findings from the analysis of responses were that while most respondents were satisfied with their study-work-life balance, some although managing overall, faced pressures. A key finding was that the students managed due to the student visa condition restricting employment to a maximum of twenty hours per week. This seems to have helped respondents to focus more time on their studies, however, may add to financial pressures or put international students at a disadvantage over their domestic peers in terms of gaining work experience. Further, findings have uncovered that although working while studying provides additional pressures, it creates benefits through the ability to build a support network.

scholarly journals Part-time work and gender inequality in Europe: a comparative analysis of satisfaction with work–life balance

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Beham ◽  
Sonja Drobnič ◽  
Patrick Präg ◽  
Andreas Baierl ◽  
Janin Eckner
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Part Time Work

scholarly journals Work-Life Balance versus Work-Life Merge: a Comparative and Thematic Analysis of Workplace Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sharkey ◽  
Barbara Caska
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this mixed-methods research study was to test the traditional concept of work-life balance, which suggests workers can experience better well-being by being able to psychologically switch on and off. Participants were 133 full-time workers, split into two groups according to where their job was performed strictly at their place of business, or from a combination of workplace and home. Each participant completed quantitative online surveys that measured their perceived stress, life satisfaction and job satisfaction. Results indicated participants who worked from a combination of the workplace and home had significantly greater job and life satisfaction levels than their workplace-based counterparts. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups on perceived stress. Participants also answered qualitative questions about how their job impacted their personal life, how their job might be changed to improve personal time, and what motivated them to work. A strong emergent theme centred around time. Many complained of long working hours, giving them very little time to spend with family, friends or on personal pursuits. For some, stress and worry about their jobs bled into their home life, culminating in moodiness and difficulty in psychologically switching off. Whilst others were happy with the balance between their working and private lives, many wished for fewer and more flexible working hours. Conclusions drawn suggest there is real merit in offering flexible constructs to today’s workers in order to harvest better psychological well-being in the workplace.

scholarly journals Effecten van tijd-ruimtelijke flexibiliteit op de balans tussen werk en privé

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Peters ◽  
Laura den Dulk ◽  
Tanja van der Lippe
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
New Employees ◽  
Management By Objectives ◽  
Flexible Working Hours ◽  
Part Time

The Effects of Time-Spatial Flexibility and New Working Conditions on Employees' Work-Life Balance: The Dutch Case The Effects of Time-Spatial Flexibility and New Working Conditions on Employees' Work-Life Balance: The Dutch Case In Dutch organisations, part-time work, flexible working hours and telehomeworking are viewed as solutions to problems employees encounter when they harmonise work and family life. Critics fear, however, that for employees that work under New Working Conditions, characterized by professional job autonomy, team working by project, management by objectives and strict deadlines, time-spatial flexibility may in fact rather enlarge existing combination problems. This paper, therefore, questions whether time-spatial flexibility will lead to a better work-life balance, and if so, does that also hold true for the category of New Employees. Employing data collected in 2003 among 807 Dutch employees it is concluded that time-spatial flexibility indeed affects the work-life balance of workers positively, regardless of them working under New Working Conditions or not. Generally, employees having a smaller part-time job (12-24 contractual working hours per week) experienced a better work-life balance. Especially female workers gained from more control over the temporal location of their work. Telehomeworkers and employees having a larger part-time job (25-35 hours per week) did not experience a better work-life balance. In the concluding section, the results of the study are discussed in the context of contemporary Dutch labour market developments.

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