Wenn Menschen mit Behinderung Sex haben: Auswirkungen der Sexualbegleitung auf Behinderung und Geschlecht

Geschlecht und Behinderung sind gesellschaftliche Zuschreibungen, die in einem komplexen Wechselverhältnis zueinander stehen. Die Kategorie Geschlecht kann abgesprochen werden, wenn sie durch die Kategorie Behinderung überdeckt wird. Sexualbegleitung - als eine mögliche Auslebungsform der Sexualität- wird als Zugang zu den Aushandlungsprozessen zwischen Behinderung und Geschlecht diskutiert. Die Studie zeigt, dass das Ausleben der Sexualität zu stärkerer Identifikation mit dem eigenen Geschlecht, einem erhöhten Selbstbewusstsein, Wohlbefinden und einer erhöhten Selbstbestimmung führen kann. Sexualbegleitung kann nur dann eine Auswirkung haben, wenn der Zugang gewährleistet ist. Dabei bestehen auf institutioneller, finanzieller, infrastruktureller und persönlicher Ebene Herausforderungen.

PIONEERED: Elaborating the link between social and educational policies for tackling educational inequalities in Europe

Although a number of policies tackling educational inequalities have been introduced in recent decades in Europe, educational inequalities exist to a varying extent both in different sub- and supranational contexts. In this article, we address the link between social and educational policies with respect to educational inequalities. Educational policies aim to guarantee opportunities throughout educational trajectories and beyond. They pertain to all areas and the entire duration of the human life. Our contribution to socialpolicy.ch introduces the ongoing Horizon 2020 project PIONEERED on educational inequalities by elaborating on the social problems behind those disparities, and by outlining the project’s conceptual and methodological approaches that join together multilevel, intersectional and life-course perspectives.

Discontinuities Within Continuities: Solidarity, (Im-)Mobility and Migration Between Refugee Crisis and COVID-19 Crisis

Since the peak of the so-called refugee crisis in 2015, much has been written on the topic of solidarity towards migrants. However, the perspective of migrants on the issue of solidarity and their practices of solidarity has been addressed less. This article aims to outline solidarity in the context of migration in more detail. Firstly, I will outline how solidarity played out towards migrants during the refugee crisis, and I will sketch how migrants engage in cross-border solidarity, having left their sending countries and families behind. Secondly, I will illustrate continuities and discontinuities between the refugee crisis and the COVID-19 crisis with regards to migration policies implemented during these crises. Hereinafter, I will highlight the impacts of these migration measures on the migrants’ capacity to manifest solidarity as well as on forms of solidarity towards migrants. The main argument is that bridging these two crises - the refugee crisis and the COVID-19 crisis - can deepen our understanding of the interplay between migration policies put in place and forms of solidarity among migrants or towards migrants. Hence, the article aims to contribute to the broader discussion on the diverse ways of how crises and crises discourses affect migration policies and consequently the migrants.

Frühkindliche Bildung und Erziehung zur Solidarität: eine Black Box

In die frühkindliche Bildung werden grosse Hoffnungen gesetzt, sie vermöge einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Startchancengleichheit aller Kinder zu leisten. Implizit geht man davon aus, dass dabei Partizipation eine bedeutsame Rolle spielt und daraus solidarisches Handeln erwächst. Obwohl die Corona-Krise die Metapher der praktizierten Solidarität geschaffen hat, gilt es abzuwarten, ob die Diskussion wichtiger, bisher vernachlässigter Parameter zukünftig eher berücksichtigt werden: erstens die Tatsache, dass Kinder aus der Mittelschicht meist bessere Lernvoraussetzungen haben und deshalb stärker von frühen Förderangeboten profitieren als Kinder aus sozial benachteiligten Milieus. Zweitens ist der aktuell praktizierte intensive Erziehungsstil in Familien und Kitas fast ausschliesslich auf das individuell einzigartige Kind und seine Bedürfnisse ausgerichtet, weshalb Erziehung zu solidarischem Verhalten einen schweren Stand hat. Zusammengenommen droht die Vorschulkindheit zu einem Schlüsselbereich der Reproduktion von Bildungsungleichheit zu werden und auch zu verpassen, die Kinder zu solidarischem Verhalten als wichtige Lebenskompetenz anzuleiten.

Similarities Between European and National Solidarity. An Empirical Thought Experiment About Attitudes Towards Redistribution

This paper examines similarities between attitudes towards European redistribution and attitudes towards national redistribution. It maps out possible reasons for expected similarities between the two spatial levels in the degree redistribution is supported and also the underlying mechanisms that foster support rates. To examine the underlying mechanisms, the paper employs a structural equation modelling approach. Despite vastly different institutional settings, findings indicate that the degree of support for redistribution at the national and at the European level are comparable. And we can also identify a similar structure in mechanisms fostering support rates at the European level compared to the one at the national level. Moreover, the strength of these mechanisms is also comparable at the respective spatial level. The results have important consequences for our understanding of transnational mechanisms. They suggest that social entities transcending national borders possess features comparable to national social entities (i.e., nation states). Overall, this potentially suggests that national conflict lines have the capacity to be carried over into the transnational space (e.g., the European social space).

Social Life as Collective Struggle: Closure Theory and the Problem of Solidarity

In recent years, all over the globe we have seen intensifying economic exploitation, political disenfranchisement, social marginalization and cultural repression in all kinds of political regimes, from liberal democratic to authoritarian and dictatorial. Although the strategies vary with regard to regime and context, in all of them we observe that while a growing number of social groups are speaking out and rising against them, a presumably much higher number of groups do not. In this article, I argue that all these processes can be conceived as aspects of ongoing closure struggles in social life. However, in order to understand why some social groups are able to fight against closure strategies while others are not, closure theory in its current state of elaboration is not of any help. While it operates with the term solidarization, it does not offer any explanation of how such acting in solidarity may become possible in closure struggles. The article is a mainly theoretical contribution of how to solve this problem.

Familiale Solidarität und gesellschaftliche Reproduktion

Die Familie gilt gemeinhin als eine geradezu archetypische Verkörperung von Solidargemeinschaft. Hierbei sollte jedoch nicht in Vergessenheit geraten, dass die Familie nicht nur ein «Hafen in einer herzlosen Welt» ist, sondern zugleich die Rolle einer zentralen Akteurin der gesellschaftlichen Reproduktion von ungleichen Lebenschancen und gesellschaftlichen Hierarchien spielt. Dieses Janusgesicht von Solidarität nach Innen und Selbstbehauptung und Reproduktion von ökonomischen und symbolischen Gütern nach Aussen, das durch Eduard von Hartmann treffend auf den Begriff Familienegoismus gebracht wurde, bringt die elementare Doppeldynamik von gesellschaftlicher Schliessung und Ausschliessung geradezu in Reinform zur Geltung.

The Experience of Solidarity in Poland under Communist Rule and Thereafter

Although Solidarność was the largest mass movement in the history of after-war Europe, the experience of solidarity during that time in communist Poland has barely been analysed. Drawing on historical accounts of the events in the 1980s and press interviews with Solidarność members, this paper attempts to bridge this gap and identifies key aspects of the experienced solidarity. It argues that the solidarity under communism in Poland derived not only from the common enemy – the communist party state – but was deeply rooted in Catholic social thought and the national identity. It was driven mainly by ideas of protection of human dignity, mutual aid, participation and a demand for “life in truth”. Since 2015, the new social policy has had initially positive impact on income inequality, birth rates and poverty but must be accompanied by further measures to obtain a long-term character.