scholarly journals GEOPROCESSAMENTO APLICADO NO DIAGNÓSTICO DOS CONFLITOS DE USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO EM ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE NO RIBEIRÃO DAS AGULHAS – BOTUCATU (SP)

Author(s):  
Sérgio Campos et al.

As áreas de preservação permanente (APP) têm função ambiental de preservar os recursos naturais, a biodiversidade, o fluxo gênico da fauna e flora, o solo e a segurança do bem-estar das populações humanas. Enquanto que a degradação das matas ciliares contribui para o assoreamento, elevação da turbidez da água e para a erosão das margens dos cursos d'água, transportando substâncias poluidoras, como defensivos e fertilizantes agrícolas. O trabalho visou determinar o uso inadequado das áreas de preservação permanente da microbacia do Ribeirão das Agulhas – Botucatu (SP), tendo como base cartográfica, a carta planialtimétrica de Botucatu e a imagem de satélite de 2011. A metodologia consistiu no uso do SIG-IDRISI Selva para realização do georreferenciamento da imagem, geração dos buffer de APPs e o overlay na obtenção dos conflitos de uso e ocupação em APPs. O grande uso da microbacia correspondeu às pastagens com 675,34ha. As APPs (166,10ha) estão sendo usadas inadequadamente por 93,33ha com pastagens. O diagnóstico dessas áreas da microbacia indica a necessidade de uma intervenção vinculada ao plano de proteção ambiental para a recuperação das áreas degradadas e consequentemente permitir uma regeneração da cobertura natural das APPs que estão sendo utilizadas sem respeitar a legislação ambiental brasileira. As ferramentas de geotecnologias foram imprescindíveis para obter o diagnóstico do uso e ocupação do solo em APPs da área.Palavras-chave: Sistema de Informação Geográfica; Uso e Ocupação do Solo; Preservação Ambiental.GEOPROCESSING APPLIED IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CONFUSED GODS AND SOIL OCCUPATION IN AREAS OF PERMANENT PRESERVATION IN THE STREAM OF THE AGULHAS - BOTUCATU (SP)ABSTRACTThe permanent preservation areas (PPA) have environmental function of preserving natural resources, biodiversity, gene flow of fauna and flora, the soil and the safety of the well-being of human populations. While the degradation of riparian forests contributes to silting, water turbidity increase and the erosion of the banks of waterways, carrying pollutants, such as pesticides and agricultural fertilizers. The objective of this work was to determine the inadequate use of the permanent preservation areas of Stream of the Agulhas - Botucatu (SP) microbasin, based on cartography, Botucatu planialtimetric chart and satellite image of 2011. The methodology consisted of the use of SIG-IDRISI Jungle to perform image georeferencing, generation of PPA buffer and overlay in obtaining conflicts of use and occupation in PPA. The great use of the microbasin corresponded to pastures with 675.34ha. PPA (166, 10 ha) are being used inadequately for 93.33ha with pasture. The diagnosis of these areas of the microbasin indicates the need for an intervention linked to the environmental protection plan for the recovery of the degraded areas and consequently to allow a regeneration of the natural coverage of the PPA that are being used without respecting the Brazilian environmental legislation. The geotechnology tools are essential to obtain the diagnosis of land use and occupation in PPA in the area.Keywords: GIS; Land Use; Environmental Preservation.SIG APLICADOS EN EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE CONFLICTOS DE USO Y OCUPACIÓN DEL SUELO EN ÁREAS DE PRESERVACIÓN PERMANENTE EN EL RÍO DE LAS AGULHAS – BOTUCATU (SP)RESUMENLas Áreas de Preservación Permanente (APP) tienen una función ambiental para preservar los recursos naturales, la biodiversidad, el flujo genético de fauna y flora, el suelo y la seguridad del bienestar de las poblaciones humanas. La degradación de los bosques ribereños contribuye a la sedimentación e incremento en la turbidez del agua, a la erosión de las orillas de los cursos de agua y al transporte de sustancias contaminantes, como pesticidas y fertilizantes agrícolas. El trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el uso incorrecto de las áreas de preservación permanente de la cuenca del río das Agulhas – Botucatu (SP), basada en la carta planialtimétrica de Botucatu y la imagen de satélite de 2011. La metodología consistió en el uso de GIS-IDRISI Selva para la georreferenciación, la generación de los amortiguamientos de las APPs y la superposición de los conflictos de uso y ocupación. El gran uso de la cuenca se correspondió con pastizales, 675,34ha. Las APPs (166,10ha) se utilizan inadecuadamente, con 93, 33ha de pastizales. El diagnóstico indica la necesidad de un plan de protección vinculado al medio ambiente, y destinado a la recuperación de áreas degradadas, que permita la regeneración de la cubierta natural de las APPs, que se utilizan sin cumplir con la legislación ambiental brasileña. Las geotecnologías fueron herramientas indispensables para el diagnóstico del uso y ocupación del suelo en el área analizada.Palabras clave: SIG; Uso y Ocupación del Suelo; Preservación del Medio Ambiente.

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Sergio Campos ◽  
Gabriel Rondina Pupo da Silveira ◽  
Yara Manfrin Garcia ◽  
Mariana De Campos ◽  
Marcelo Campos

Esse trabalho objetivou a utilização de técnicas de geoprocessamento na discriminação de classes de uso e ocupação do solo em áreas de APP, permitindo a constatação de futuras intervenções antrópicas que auxiliarão em fiscalizações ambientais. A microbacia com 183,19ha, situa-se entre as coordenadas geográficas 22o 44’ 41” a 22o  45’ 41” de latitude S e 48o 24’ 13” a 48o 25’ 01” de longitude WGr.  A base cartográfica utilizadas foi a carta topográfica de Botucatu para o georreferenciamento da imagem de satélite de 2008. O SIG-IDRISI Selva foi utilizado na classificação supervisionada e a determinação dos mapas temáticos. O uso da terra mostrou que a pastagem ocupa a maior parte da área (85,61%), mostrando com isso a predominância da pecuária regional. A imagem de satélite e a utilização do SIG mostraram-se importantes ferramentas, fornecendo resultados confiáveis num pequeno intervalo de tempo. Os dados obtidos auxiliarão nos futuros planejamentos de recuperação da microbacia, possibilitando verificar que a área não vem sendo ambientalmente preservada, pois a mesma apresenta somente 14,38% de vegetação e água, sendo que o mínimo exigido pela legislação do Código Florestal Brasileiro vigente é de 20%.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Legislação ambiental, sistema de informação geográfica, preservação ambiental. GEOPROCESSING TECHNIQUES IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF APPS IN MICROBABY, IN THE FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONABSTRACT: This work aimed at the use of geoprocessing techniques in the discrimination of classes of land use and occupation in areas of PPA, allowing the confirmation of future anthropogenic interventions that will aid in environmental inspections. The microbasin with 183.19 ha lies between the geographic coordinates 22o 44' 41"at 22o 45' 41" latitude S and 48o 24' 13"at 48o 25' 01" WGr longitude. The cartographic base used was the Botucatu topographic chart for the georeferencing of the satellite image of 2008. The SIG-IDRISI Selva was used in the supervised classification and the determination of thematic maps. Land use showed that pasture occupies most of the area (85.61%), thus showing the predominance of regional livestock. Satellite imagery and the use of GIS have proved to be important tools, providing reliable results in a short time. The data obtained will aid in the future recovery planning of the microbasin, making it possible to verify that the area is not environmentally preserved, since it presents only 14.38% of vegetation and water, and the minimum required by the Brazilian Forestry Code is of 20%.KEYWORDS: Environmental legislation, geographical information system, environmental preservation. 


2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1619) ◽  
pp. 20120152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo M. Brando ◽  
Michael T. Coe ◽  
Ruth DeFries ◽  
Andrea A. Azevedo

The papers in this special issue address a major challenge facing our society: feeding a population that is simultaneously growing and increasing its per capita food consumption, while preventing widespread ecological and social impoverishment in the tropics. By focusing mostly on the Amazon's most dynamic agricultural frontier, Mato Grosso, they collectively clarify some key elements of achieving more sustainable agriculture. First, stakeholders in commodity-driven agricultural Amazonian frontiers respond rapidly to multiple forces, including global markets, international pressures for sustainably produced commodities and national-, state- and municipality-level policies. These forces can encourage or discourage deforestation rate changes within a short time-period. Second, agricultural frontiers are linked systems, land-use change is linked with regional climate, forest fires, water quality and stream discharge, which in turn are linked with the well-being of human populations. Thus, land-use practices at the farm level have ecological and social repercussions far removed from it. Third, policies need to consider the full socio-economic system to identify the efficacy and consequences of possible land management strategies. Monitoring to devise suitable management approaches depends not only on tracking land-use change, but also on monitoring the regional ecological and social consequences. Mato Grosso's achievements in reducing deforestation are impressive, yet they are also fragile. The ecological and social consequences and the successes and failures of management in this region can serve as an example of possible trajectories for other commodity-driven tropical agricultural frontiers.


Author(s):  
Leonardo Pereira e Silva ◽  
Adriano Nascimento da Paixão

MODELING AND TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF DYNAMICS OF SOIL USE AND OCCUPATION IN THE CUIÁ-PB RIVER BASINMODELACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS TEMPORAL DE LA DINÁMICA DEL USO Y OCUPACIÓN DEL SUELO EN LA CUENCA DEL RÍO CUIÁ-PBRESUMONas últimas duas décadas o crescimento da população acelerou o processo de ocupação humana nessas áreas ao longo dos rios, criando diversos problemas ambientais. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as mudanças no uso e ocupação do solo na bacia do rio Cuiá e estimar o uso e ocupação do solo para a bacia da Cuiá para o ano de 2030, utilizando algoritmo de Redes Neurais artificiais: Rede Neural Multi-Layer Perceptron. Dessa forma, foi realizado o processamento de imagens de satélites dos anos de 1998, 2001 e 2005, realizada a predição do uso do solo para o ano de 2001 baseado em Redes Neurais para a validação. Em seguida, o resultado da predição do uso do solo foi analisado pelo do índice Kappa e após obtenção do índice Kappa com um resultado de acordo com a classificação prevista por Landis & Koch (1977) foi realizada a predição do uso e ocupação do solo para 2030. Os resultados mostraram um aumento da classe Ocupadas entre os anos analisados. A modelagem dinâmica do uso do solo baseada em Rede Neural mostrou resultados satisfatórios para a bacia do rio Cuiá com acurácia de 98,64%, após 10.000 iterações e índice Kappa igual a 0,94, classificado como excelente. A previsão do uso do solo para 2030 apresentou aumento da área da classe Ocupada e uma diminuição da área com expansão.Palavras-chave: Uso do solo. Redes neurais. Geoprocessamento.ABSTRACTIn the last two decades the population growth accelerated the process of human occupation in these areas along the rivers, creating several environmental problems. Thus this study aimed to analyze the changes in land use and occupation in the Cuiá river basin and to estimate the land use and occupation for the Cuiá basin for the year 2030 using an artificial neural network algorithm: Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network. In this way, the satellite image processing of the years of 1998, 2001 and 2005 was carried out, with the prediction of the use of the ground for the year 2001 based on neural networks for the validation, followed by the prediction of the land use was analyzed through the Kappa index and after obtaining the Kappa with a result according to the classification predicted by Landis & Koch (1977) the use and occupation of the soil was predicted by 2030. The results showed an increase of the Occupied class among the analyzed years. The dynamic modeling of soil use based on Neural Network showed satisfactory results for the Cuiá River basin with accuracy of 98.64%, after 10,000 iterations and Kappa equal to 0.94, classified as excellent. Prediction of land use for 2030 showed an increase in the area of the occupied class and a decrease of the area with expansion.Keywords: Soil use. Neural network. Geoprocessing.RESUMENEn las últimas dos décadas el crecimiento de la población aceleró el proceso de ocupación humana en esas áreas a lo largo de los ríos, creando diversos problemas ambientales. Entonces este trabajo tuvo por objetivo analizar los cambios en el uso y ocupación del suelo en la cuenca del Río Cuiá y estimar el uso y ocupación del suelo para la cuenca de Cuiá para el año 2030 utilizando algoritmo de Redes Neurales Artificiales: Red Neural Multi-Layer Perceptron. De esta forma, se realizó el procesamiento de imágenes de satélites de los años 1998, 2001 y 2005, realizada la predicción del uso del suelo para el año 2001 basado en Redes Neurales para la validación, luego el resultado de la predicción del uso del suelo se analizó por el índice Kappa y tras la obtención del índice Kappa con un resultado de acuerdo con la clasificación prevista por Landis & Koch (1977) se realizó la predicción del uso y ocupación del suelo para 2030. Los resultados mostraron un aumento de la clase Ocupados entre los años analizados. El modelado dinámico del uso del suelo basado en Red Neural mostró resultados satisfactorios para la cuenca del Río Cuiá con exactitud del 98,64%, después de 10.000 iteraciones e índice Kappa igual a 0,94, clasificado como excelente. La previsión del uso del suelo para 2030 presentó aumento del área de la clase Ocupada y una disminución del área con expansión.Palabras clave: Uso del suelo. Red neurales; Geoprocesamiento.


2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-551
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rondina Pupo da Silveira ◽  
Sérgio Campos ◽  
Aline Kuramoto Gonçalves ◽  
Fernanda Leite Ribeiro ◽  
Yara Manfrin Garcia

GEOMÁTICA APLICADA NA ANÁLISE DO CONFLITO DE USO DO SOLO EM ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE   GABRIEL RONDINA PUPO DA SILVEIRA 1, SÉRGIO CAMPOS 1, ALINE KURAMOTO GONÇALVES 1, FERNANDA LEITE RIBEIRO2, YARA MANFRIN GARCIA1   1Departamento Engenharia Rural, FCA/UNESP/Botucatu, Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Av. Universitária, nº 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, Botucatu - SP, 18610-03, e-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected].  2 Departamento de Geociências, U niversidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445 Km 380 Cx. Postal 10.011 - Campus Universitário, PR, 86057-970, e-mail: [email protected].   RESUMO: O trabalho visou obter o uso do solo da bacia do rio Araquazinho – São Manuel (SP) utilizando imagem de satélite e técnicas geomáticas na determinação das Áreas de Preservação Permanentes (APPs) e conflitos existentes na área. As bases cartográficas foram cartas planialtimétricas em formato digital georreferenciadas. O SIG-IDRISI Selva foi utilizado para realizar o georreferenciamento da imagem, geração dos buffers de APPs e o overlay para obtenção dos conflitos de uso além da confecção do mapa temático final. No software CartaLinx realizou-se a delimitação da área de estudo e delimitação dos elementos (limite, rede de drenagem e das áreas de uso e cobertura). O uso do solo da bacia mostrou que o uso da cana-de-açúcar foi a classe que ocupou 86,82 % (5815,63 ha) da área. As áreas de conflito mostraram que a maior parte das APPs, equivalente a 109,70 ha, estão sendo usadas para outros fins. As Áreas de Preservação Permanente e seus conflitos mostraram que uma boa parte da área da bacia em estudo precisa de cuidados com relação a legislação ambiental. Desta forma, o mapa temático permitiu o mapeamento da área gerando dados que auxiliarão nos futuros planejamentos de recuperação da área.   Palavras-chaves: Sistema de Informação Geográfica, Geoprocessamento, Preservação Ambiental   GEOMATICS APPLIED IN CONFLICT ANALYSIS OF LAND USE IN PERMANENT PRESERVATION AREAS   ABSTRACT: This study aim obtaining the land use of Araquazinho River watershed, São Manuel, SP, using satellite image and geomatic techniques to determine the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) and area conflicts. The cartographic bases were digital georeferenced planialtimetrics cards. The SIG-IDRISI Selva was used to image georeferencing, generation of PPAs buffers, in the overlay to obtain the conflicts use and to generate the final thematic map. In CartaLinx was done the delimitation of study area and elements (limit, drainage network and areas of use and coverage). Soil use showed that sugarcane use was the class that occupied 86.82% (5815.63 ha) area. The conflict areas showed that most of the PPA, equivalent of 109.70 ha, is being used for other purposes. Permanent Preservation Areas and their conflicts have shown that a big part of watershed needs to be taken care in relation to environmental legislation. So, the thematic map can allow mapping the area generating data that can assist in future recovery area planning.   Keywords: Geographic Information System, Geoprocessing, Environmental preservation.


2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie Van Wyk

Our spatial environment is one of the most important determinants of our well-being and life chances. It relates to schools, opportunities, businesses, recreation and access to public services. Spatial injustice results where discrimination determines that spatial environment. Since Apartheid in South Africa epitomised the notion of spatial injustice, tools and instruments are required to transform spatial injustice into spatial justice. One of these is the employment of principles of spatial justice. While the National Development Plan (NDP) recognised that all spatial development should conform to certain normative principles and should explicitly indicate how the requirements of these should be met, the Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act 16 of 2013 (SPLUMA) contains a more concrete principle of spatial justice. It echoes aspects of both the South African land reform programme and global principles of spatial justice. Essentially section 7(a) of SPLUMA entails three components: (1) redressing past spatial imbalances and exclusions; (2) including people and areas previously excluded and (3) upgrading informal areas and settlements. SPLUMA directs municipalities to apply the principle in its spatial development frameworks, land use schemes and, most importantly, in decision-making on development applications. The aim of this article is to determine whether the application of this principle in practice can move beyond the confines of spatial planning and land use management to address the housing issue in South Africa. Central to housing is section 26 of the Constitution, that has received the extensive attention of the Constitutional Court. The court has not hesitated to criticize the continuing existence of spatial injustice, thus contributing to the transformation of spatial injustice to spatial justice. Since planning, housing and land reform are all intertwined not only the role of SPLUMA, but also the NDP and the myriad other policies, programmes and legislation that are attempting to address the situation are examined and tested against the components of the principle of spatial justice in SPLUMA.


Author(s):  
Andreas Christian Braun

Land-use and land-cover analyses based on satellite image classification are used in most, if not all, sub-disciplines of physical geography. Data availability and increasingly simple image classification techniques – nowadays, even implemented in simple geographic information systems – increase the use of such analyses. To assess the quality of such land-use analyses, accuracy metrics are applied. The results are considered to have sufficient quality, exceeding thresholds published in the literature. A typical practice in many studies is to confuse accuracy in remote sensing with quality, as required by physical geography. However, notions such as quality are subject to normative considerations and performative practices, which differ between scientific domains. Recent calls for critical physical geography have stressed that scientific results cannot be understood separately from the values and practices underlying them. This article critically discusses the specific understanding of quality in remote sensing, outlining norms and practices shaping it and their relation to physical geography. It points out that, as a seeming paradox, results considered more accurate in remote sensing terms can be less informative – or meaningful – in geographical terms. Finally, a roadmap of how to apply remote sensing land-use analyses more constructively in physical geography is proposed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 974
Author(s):  
Lorena Alves Santos ◽  
Karine Ferreira ◽  
Michelle Picoli ◽  
Gilberto Camara ◽  
Raul Zurita-Milla ◽  
...  

The use of satellite image time series analysis and machine learning methods brings new opportunities and challenges for land use and cover changes (LUCC) mapping over large areas. One of these challenges is the need for samples that properly represent the high variability of land used and cover classes over large areas to train supervised machine learning methods and to produce accurate LUCC maps. This paper addresses this challenge and presents a method to identify spatiotemporal patterns in land use and cover samples to infer subclasses through the phenological and spectral information provided by satellite image time series. The proposed method uses self-organizing maps (SOMs) to reduce the data dimensionality creating primary clusters. From these primary clusters, it uses hierarchical clustering to create subclusters that recognize intra-class variability intrinsic to different regions and periods, mainly in large areas and multiple years. To show how the method works, we use MODIS image time series associated to samples of cropland and pasture classes over the Cerrado biome in Brazil. The results prove that the proposed method is suitable for identifying spatiotemporal patterns in land use and cover samples that can be used to infer subclasses, mainly for crop-types.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Safridatul Audah ◽  
Muharratul Mina Rizky ◽  
Lindawati

Tapaktuan is the capital and administrative center of South Aceh Regency, which is a sub-district level city area known as Naga City. Tapaktuan is designated as a sub-district to be used for the expansion of the capital's land. Consideration of land suitability is needed so that the development of settlements in Tapaktuan District is directed. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of land use change from 2014 to 2018 by using remote sensing technology in the form of Landsat-8 OLI satellite data through image classification methods by determining the training area of the image which then automatically categorizes all pixels in the image into land cover class. The results obtained are the results of the two image classification tests stating the accuracy of the interpretation of more than 80% and the results of the classification of land cover divided into seven forms of land use, namely plantations, forests, settlements, open land, and clouds. From these classes, the area of land cover change in Tapaktuan is increasing in size from year to year.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document